❷数词用法大放送
2018-08-29山东高安柱
山东 高安柱
◎要点扫描
数词是指表示数目的多少或事物先后顺序的词。表示数目的数词叫基数词;表示顺序的数词叫序数词。数词的拼读、数词作主语、基数词和序数词的词形变化、约数的表示法、分数的表示法是中考英语的重点和热点。
一、基数词的用法
1.表示数量。例如:
① Three and five is eight.3加5等于8。
②—How many bananas do you want?你想要多少香蕉?
—I want five.我想要5个。
2.表示号码。例如:
My phone number is 566-3388.我的电话号码是566-3388。
3.表示时间(几点几分、年代等)。例如:
① Grace watched TV until 11 o’clock last night.昨天晚上格蕾丝看电视看到11点。
②We were both born in 2005.我们俩都出生于2005年。
4.hundred、thousand、million等词前面有具体数字时不能加 “-s”;表示不确定的数字时,数词用复数,若后跟名词,则需再加of,构成“复数基数词+of+名词”短语。例如:
①They built the city two thousand years ago.他们在2000年前建造了这座城市。
②Millions of visitors come to visit the Great Wall every year.每年上百万的游客来参观长城。
5.“……十”的数词的复数形式表示人的岁数(即“in one’s+数词复数”)或年代(即“in the+年代复数”)。例如:
① She left her hometown in her thirties.她三十来岁(31~39岁)时离开了故乡。
②Computers were not so popular in the 1990s.在20世纪90年代电脑还不是很普及。
6.“基数词+单数名词(+形容词)”构成的复合形容词,各单词间要用连字符。例如:
You have to pass an 800-metre-long bridge.你得经过一座800米长的桥。
7.“another+数词+名词”结构相当于“数词+more+名词”结构。例如:
They need another three hours to finish the work.=They need three more hours to finish the work.他们还需要三个小时才能完成这项工作。
二、序数词的用法
1.序数词常与定冠词the连用,但当序数词前有不定冠词a/an或形容词性物主代词、名词所有格时,不能再用the。例如:
①May is the fifth month of the year.五月是一年中的第五个月。
② Mother was my first teacher in my life.妈妈是我生命中的第一个老师。
2.序数词在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语和表语。例如:
①The second is what we really want.第二个是我们真正想要的。(作主语)
② —Which seat did she take?她坐了哪个座位?
—She took the third.她坐了第三个座位。(作宾语)
③I think the first plan is perfect.我认为第一个计划很完美。(作定语)
④ Peter is the fourth in our class.在我们班,彼得是第四名。(作表语)
【注意】序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时,则有“再……”或“又……”之意。例如:
We’ll read the passage a second time.我们将再读一遍这篇文章。
三、基数词与序数词同用
1.表示分数。分数由基数词和序数词构成,分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子超过1时,分母用复数。例如:
Two thirds(2/3)of the students in our class get to school by bus.我们班三分之二的同学乘坐公交车上学。
2.表示编号。用序数词表示编号时,应放在被修饰词之前,前面要加定冠词;用基数词表示编号时,前面不用冠词,但语序与汉语相反。例如:
We are learning Lesson Five.= We are learning the fifth lesson.我们正在学第五课。
◎中考链接
1.Today is Jack’s birthday.He is_________years old now. 【2017·重庆中考题】
A.fourteenth B.fourteen
C.the fourteenth D.the fourteen
【答案与解析】B 考查基数词。表示年龄用基数词,而且前面不加冠词。
2.Two months ago,China tested its_________aircraft carrier built completely on its own.【2017·广东省中考题】
A.one B.first C.the one D.the first
【答案与解析】B 考查序数词。强调第一艘航空母舰应用序数词,且前面有形容词性物主代词,因此序数词前不用冠词the。
3.My grandparents live in an old apartment with____________floors and they are on the_________floor. 【2017·滨州中考题】
A.fifth;three B.fifth;third
C.five;three D.five;third
【答案与解析】D 考查数词辨析。第一空表示数量,用基数词five;第二空表示公寓楼层用序数词,序数词前常加定冠词the。
4._________of the land in that town_______covered with trees and grass.【2017·达州中考题】
A.Two fifth;is B.Two fifth;are
C.Two fifths;is D.Two fifths;are
【答案与解析】C 考查分数的表示法及主谓一致。分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子超过了1时,分母用复数形式。根据land是不可数名词可知,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
5.There are_________tourists visiting the island on May Day every year. 【2017·新疆中考题】
A.two thousand B.two thousands
C.thousands of D.thousand of
【答案与解析】C 考查约数的用法。hundred、thousand、million等数词与of连用表示约数时,这些词后须加-s,且不可与具体数字连用。
◎巩固自测
1.Middle schoolstudents need atleast_________hours for sleep every day.
A.nine B.nineteen C.ninth D.ninety
2.Nancy is_________years old.Today is her_________birthday.
A.fifteen;fifteen B.fifteenth;fifteen
C.fifteenth;fifteenth D.fifteen;fifteenth
3.Only three_________babies were born in the town last year.
A.hundreds of B.hundreds
C.hundred D.hundred of
4._________college students went to the hall to listen to the scientist’s_________speech.
A.Thousands of;40-minutes
B.Two thousand;40-minute
C.Two thousands;40-minutes
D.Thousands of;40-minutes
5._______of the students in Sunshine Middle School________from the countryside.
A.Two third;is
B.Two thirds;are
C.Two thirds;is
D.Two third;are