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抗苗勒管激素水平评价生育期女性类风湿关节炎患者卵巢储备功能的临床意义

2018-08-28高照猛徐建张磊张旗

中国现代医生 2018年14期
关键词:类风湿关节炎

高照猛 徐建 张磊 张旗

[摘要] 目的 探討抗苗勒管激素评价生育期女性RA患者卵巢储备功能的临床应用价值。 方法 选择2015年12月5日~2017年4月30日住院的90例20~50岁生育期女性RA患者及年龄匹配的健康女性作为对照组。电化学发光测定抗苗勒管激素(AMH),回顾性分析所有患者的临床资料。应用 SPSS 软件作 ROC 曲线,计算AMH的曲线下面积。危险因素采用Logistic回归法进行统计学分析。 结果 (1)共90例RA患者纳入分析[平均年龄(32.2±6.87)岁,病程为(3.03±2.03)年]。RA患者AMH水平[(2.74±0.16)ng/mL]明显低于对照组[(3.75±0.17)ng/mL]。(2)Pearson相关分析结果显示,年龄的增加(r=0.965,P<0.001)和bFSH(r=0.664,P<0.001)与低AMH水平相关。ROC曲线分析提示AMH为2.27 ng/mL时对卵巢储备功能减低(DOR)的预测敏感性为0.828,特异性为0.727。(3)暴露于雷公藤制剂的RA患者AMH水平[(1.86±0.16)ng/mL]明显低于未暴露者[(3.27±0.14)ng/mL]。AMH水平在应用其他免疫抑制剂(包括甲氨蝶呤、来氟米特、羟氯喹)患者间比较差异无统计学意义。(4)Logistic回归分析提示雷公藤制剂的使用是DOR发生的危险因素(OR=7.31,P=0.019,95%CI 1.39~38.54)。 结论 AMH水平可以评价生育期女性RA患者的卵巢功能状态。临床应用雷公藤制剂治疗RA时需警惕其卵巢毒性。

[关键词] 关节炎;类风湿;抗苗勒管激素;卵巢功能不全

[中图分类号] R593.22 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701(2018)14-0021-06

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the clinical application value of anti-Mullerian hormone in the evaluation of ovarian reserve function in the child-bearing female patients with RA. Methods A total of 90 child-bearing patients with RA aged from 20 to 50 years of age who were hospitalized from December 5, 2015 to April 30, 2017 were enrolled and healthy females with matched ages were enrolled as the control group. Electrochemiluminescence assay was used to determine the anti-Mullerian hormone(AMH) and the clinical data of all patients were retrospectively analyzed. SPSS software was applied to draw the ROC curve and calculate the area under the AMH curve. Risk factors were statistically analyzed using Logistic regression method. Results (1)A total of 90 patients with RA were included in the analysis [mean age (32.2±6.87) years, duration of disease (3.03±2.03) years]. AMH levels in RA patients [(2.74±0.16) ng/mL] were significantly lower than those in the control group [(3.75±0.17) ng/mL]. (2)Pearson correlation analysis showed that the increase of age(r=0.965, P<0.001) and bFSH(r=0.664, P<0.001) were associated with low AMH levels. The ROC curve analysis showed that the predictive sensitivity to the ovarian reserve reduction(DOR) was 0.828 and the specificity was 0.727 when AMH was 2.27 ng/mL. (3)AMH levels in the patients with RA exposed to Tripterygium wilfordii preparation[(1.86±0.16) ng/mL] were significantly lower than those in unexposed patients [(3.27±0.14) ng/mL]. There was no statistically significant difference in AMH levels among the patients receiving other immunosuppressive agents (including methotrexate, leflunomide, hydroxychloroquine). (4)Logistic regression analysis indicated that the use of Tripterygium wilfordii preparation was the risk factor for DOR (OR=7.31, P=0.019, 95% CI 1.39 to 38.54). Conclusion AMH levels can be used to evaluate ovarian function in child-bearing female patients with RA. Ovarian toxicity of Tripterygium wilfordii preparations should be alerted in the its clinical application in the treatment of RA.

[Key words] Arthritis; RA; Anti-Mullerian hormone; Ovarian insufficiency

类风湿关节炎是一种好发于女性的自身免疫性疾病,相比于正常女性,生育期女性类风湿关节炎患者面临更多的生育问题。有研究发现[1,2],女性RA患者生育率减低,并且绝经年龄提前,这些均有可能与其卵巢储备功能受损有关。卵巢的储备功能定义为卵巢剩余功能的能力,其取决于卵巢内库存卵泡的数量和质量,随着年龄增长,卵巢内存留的可募集卵泡数目减少及卵子质量下降可导致生育能力下降,即卵巢储备功能降低。临床上用于监测卵巢储备功能的指标主要有早卵泡期卵泡刺激素(follicle stimulating hormone,FSH)、雌二醇(estradial,E2)、基礎卵巢体积、窦状卵泡计数(antral follicle count,AFC) 抑制素B(inhibin B,INHB)等。近年来抗苗勒管激素(anti-mullerian hormone,AMH)逐渐被应用于临床评估卵巢的储备功能[3]。目前国内尚无应用抗苗勒管激素评价生育期女性类风湿关节炎患者卵巢功能的研究,故招募了90例生育期女性类风湿关节炎患者进行该研究,以探讨AMH水平变化的临床意义及其相关影响因素,现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1一般资料

病例组来源于2015年12月5日~2017年4月30日就诊于本院风湿免疫科的女性类风湿关节炎患者,所有病例均符合 2010年ACR/EULAR的RA分类标准[4]。详细询问并记录患者的姓名、年龄、病程、晨僵时间、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI)评分、关节压痛指数(TJC)、关节肿胀数(SJC)等临床资料以及C反应蛋白(CRP)、类风湿因子(RF)、抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体(anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody, ACPA)滴度等实验室资料。根据下述公式计算DAS28进行疾病活动评分, DAS28(CRP)=0.56×+0.28×+0.014GH+0.36×In(CRP+1)+0.96。DAS28<2.6表示疾病缓解,低活动度为<3.2分,中度活动度为3.2~5.1分,高活动度为>5.1分[5]。纳入标准:近3个月月经周期正常;3个月内月经周期第3天性激素检测符合卵泡期正常值;未孕;3个月内无流产史;无内分泌疾病史;无高脂血症史;无心血管疾病史;无饮酒史;半年内无服用避孕药史。排除标准: 既往接受环磷酰胺治疗者;半年内全身接受激素治疗者;已知绝经,确诊多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)、子宫内膜异位症、卵巢手术或放射治疗以及由于其他原因接受性激素治疗者,或拒绝参与者。分组情况:90例女性类风湿关节炎患者入组,年龄21~44岁,平均(32.20±6.87)岁。按年龄将受试对象分为5个年龄组:20~24岁(18例),25~29岁(18例),30~34岁(19例),35~39岁(17例),40~44岁(18例)。对照组来源于我院优生科及产科门诊的年龄匹配的健康女性90名。本研究经胜利油田中心医院伦理委员会批准(Q/ZXYY-ZY-TWB-LL201641),取得受试对象的知情同意。

1.2 诊断标准

卵巢储备功能下降(diminished ovarian reserve, DOR):两次基础血10 IU/L≤FSH<40 IU/L为DOR[6]。睡眠障碍:以PSQI进行判定,用于评定患者最近1个月的睡眠质量,每个部分按0~3等级计分,得分越高,表示睡眠质量越差,评分>7分判定为睡眠障碍。

1.3 检测方法

基础卵泡刺激素(baseline follicle stimulating hormone,bFSH):月经周期第3天,清晨空腹,取肘静脉血标本4 mL,3500 r/min,离心10 min,取血清待测,检测方法为化学发光法。AMH检测方法:应用罗氏全自动电化学发光免疫分析仪(Cobas e601型)检测血清中AMH及bFSH水平。正常参考值:AMH:20~24岁(1.66~9.49)ng/mL; 25~29岁(1.18~9.16)ng/mL;30~34岁(0.67~7.55)ng/mL;35~39岁(0.78~5.24)ng/mL; 40~44岁(0.09~2.96)ng/mL; 45~50岁(0.05~2.06)ng/mL;bFSH:(3.50~12.50 IU/L。ACPA、RF检测采用ELISA法(试剂为德国AESKU公司产品)。

1.4 统计学分析

所有数据采用SPSS17.0统计学软件包进行分析。应用Pearson相关性分析研究AMH有关变量间的相关性;应用单因素方差分析比较不同年龄组AMH及bFSH的水平。计量资料以均数±标准差 (x±s)表示,各组间数据的比较依据资料的性质,采用t检验或方差分析。Levene检验测定AMH水平方差的同质性。受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线被用来评估AMH水平评价DOR的敏感性和特异性。二元Logistic回归分析卵巢储备功能下降的相关因素,用比值比(OR)及其95%CI表示相对风险度。P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 研究人群一般情况

90例患者纳入研究。平均年龄(32.20±6.87)岁,平均病程(3.03±1.03)年,DAS28平均(4.00±0.84)分。免疫抑制剂(需连续用药4周以上)应用情况如下:来氟米特52.2%(n=47), 羟氯喹52.2%(n=47),甲氨蝶呤63.3%(n=57),雷公藤多苷37.8%(n=34)。吸烟、体重指数(BMI)与健康对照组无显著差异(P=0.485和[11] 赵丽,吕时铭. 抗苗勒管激素的研究与应用进展[J]. 中华检验医学杂志, 2014, 37(7):509-512.

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(收稿日期:2018-02-02)

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