❶话说关系代词that, which, who(m)

江苏 李建高

■要点清单

定语从句在复合句里起定语作用，修饰主句中的名词或代词。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句通常由关系代词that,which,who(m)或关系副词where,when,why等引导。关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中一定要充当某种句子成分。

现结合初中英语现行教材和近几年全国各地英语中考试题,将关系代词that,which,who(m)的用法小结如下：

一、先行词是指人的名词或代词时,关系代词用who,that或whom。例如：

He is a man who/that means what he says.他是一位信守承诺的人。

I wanted to find someone with whom I could discuss books and music.我想找到一位能让我与其谈论书籍和音乐的人。

二、先行词是指物的名词或代词时,关系代词用that或which。例如：

I like the books which/that were written by Zhu Ziqing.我喜欢朱自清写的书。

The desks that/which we made last year were very good.我们去年制作的桌子很好。

【特别提醒】

1.关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,常可省略。例如：

The man(whom)you saw just now is our headmaster.你刚才看到的那个男人是我们的校长。

Is there anything (that)I can do for you,Miss Green?格林小姐,有什么是我可以为你做的吗？

2.关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,有时可以省略。但当介词位于关系代词之前时,关系代词则不能省略,并且只能用which或whom。例如：

This is the girl(that/whom)he worked with.=This is the girl with whom he worked.这是和他一起工作过的那个女孩。

Here's the house (that/which)Lu Xun once lived in.=Here's the house in which Lu Xun once lived.这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。

3.关系代词只能用that的情况：

①当先行词是all,anything,something,nothing,everything,none等不定代词时。例如：

That's all that I could do at that time.我当时只能做那么多了。

②当先行词既有人又有物时。例如：

Maria took photos of the things and people that she was interested in.玛丽亚把她感兴趣的人和物都拍了下来。

③当先行词被形容词的最高级、序数词以及the last,the only等修饰时。例如：

This is the best TV set that was made in China.这是中国制造的最好的电视机。

When we talk about Hangzhou,the first thing that comes into our mind is the West Lake.当我们谈起杭州时,我们首先想到的是西湖。

He is the last man that I want to see.他是我最不愿意见到的人。

■真题回放

1.Sara is the girl______has taught me how to use WeChat(微信). 【2017·安顺中考题】

A.whom B.which C.what D.who

【答案与解析】D 句意：萨拉是教过我如何使用微信的那个女孩。先行词the girl是人,且关系代词在定语从句中作主语,故关系代词选用who。

2.She often parks her car near the house______she can easily get to. 【2017·兰州中考题】

A.where B.who C.which D.what

【答案与解析】C 句意：她经常把她的小汽车停在她容易到的这栋房子附近。先行词house是物,且关系代词在定语从句中作宾语,故关系代词选用which。

3.—Please tell me something about Yang Liwei.

—He is a great astronaut of______all the Chinese are proud. 【2017·鄂州中考题】

A.that B.whose C.who D.whom

【答案与解析】D句意：——请告诉我一些关于杨利伟的事。——他是一位伟大的宇航员,所有中国人都以他为骄傲。先行词astronaut是人,且关系代词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语,故关系代词只能选用whom。

4.I hate the dogs______live in the next house.They make loud noise all night. 【2017·河南中考题】

A.who B.that C.what D.whom

【答案与解析】B 句意：我讨厌住在隔壁的那些狗。它们整晚都吵个不停。先行词dogs是物,且关系代词在定语从句中作主语,故关系代词选用that。

5.Shiyan is one of the best places______people would like to visit. 【2016·十堰中考题】

A.that B.which C.where D.who

【答案与解析】A 根据句意“十堰是人们想去参观的最好的地方之一”可知,横线后的句子应该是定语从句,修饰先行词places。当先行词被形容词的最高级所修饰,且关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,关系代词只能选用that。

■学以致用

根据句意,用适当的关系代词that,which或who(m)完成句子。

1.Have you read the news______is about the latest movie?

2.—Who is your new deskmate,John?

—The boy______is wearing a white T-shirt.

3.—What are you looking for?

—I'm looking for the CD______you sent to me yesterday.

4.He______does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.

5.The person______influences me most in my life is my English teacher.

6.His computer is not the only thing______he has lost.

7.He has written a book,the name of______I've completely forgotten.

8.The old man______we visited yesterday is a famous artist.

9.The first thing______should be done is to finish your homework.

10.When she came back from abroad,Lucy told us about the cities and the people______she had visited.

(答案见64页)