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“句型转换”题型探秘

2018-08-20黑龙江佟广娜

疯狂英语·新策略 2018年3期
关键词:实义助动词陈述句

黑龙江 佟广娜

句型转换指的是句子类别的转换,主要从时态、语态、人称、数的变化,以及特殊疑问词的用法和词语意思等方面进行命题,旨在考查考生对所学的词汇(同义词或反义词)、短语、句型和语法等在语言表达与知识运用方面的能力。该类题型的形式是根据所给的句型,按照汉语要求或提示完成另一个英语句子。

做好句型转换题,考生必须对所学的语法知识、句子结构和词形变化等做到概念清楚,运用准确。这类题型虽然形式多样,但大体可以分为条件型句型转换和同义型句型转换两大类。

一、条件型句型转换

按条件进行句型转换的题型,要求按照每道题后括号内指定的要求将原句改写成其他形式的句子,待填写的单词处已经给出相应的空白,一般每个空白处填写一个单词。

1.陈述句变为一般疑问句

陈述句变为一般疑问句,就是把be动词、助动词、情态动词置于主语之前,句子变为疑问语序,句号改为问号。第一人称通常变为第二人称,something在一般情况下变为anything。

(1)陈述句的谓语部分含有be动词、助动词have/has/had/will/shall或情态动词,直接把这类动词提到主语之前,同时将标点与大小写做相应变化即可。例如:

①They are interested in science fictions.

________________interested in science fictions? 【2017·济南模拟题】

②People will use robots more and more in the future life.

_______people________robots moreand more in the future life? 【2017·孝感中考题】

③There must be something wrong with my computer.

Must there be________wrong with________computer? 【2016·乌鲁木齐中考题】

【参考答案】①Are they ②Will;use ③anything;your

(2)陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词,时态为一般现在时或一般过去时,要根据主语的人称和数的情况在句首加助动词。一般现在时态加Do(主语为第三人称单数时,要加Does,实义动词改为原形);一般过去时态加Did,实义动词改为原形。例如:

①George wants to be a tour guide at the Bund for foreign visitors.

________George________to be a tour guide at the Bund for foreign visitors? 【2016·上海中考题】

②This pen he bought yesterday works very well.

_______this pen he bought yesterday________very well? 【2016·达州中考题】

③My father got up at six o’clock this morning.

________your father________up at six o’clock this morning?

【参考答案】①Does;want ②Does;work ③Did;get

2.肯定句变为否定句

(1)肯定句的谓语部分含be动词、助动词have/has/had/will/shall或情态动词,直接在这类动词后面添加否定词not(有时not可以与这些词以缩写形式出现)。例如:

①Mobile APPs will be helpful to English study.

Mobile APPs________________be helpful to English study. 【2016·济南中考题】

②Mr.Hu is having a rest in his bedroom.

Mr.Hu________________having a rest in his bedroom. 【2017·重庆中考题】

③There are many old people exercising in the park now.

There______________many old people exercising in the park now. 【2017·重庆中考题】

【参考答案】①will not ②is not ③are not

(2)肯定句的谓语动词是实义动词,时态为一般现在时或一般过去时,要根据主语的人称和数的情况在实义动词之前加助动词。一般现在时态加don’t(主语为第三人称单数形式,加doesn’t,实义动词改为原形);一般过去时态加didn’t,实义动词改为原形。例如:

①Li Lin listens to English on the radio every day.

Li Lin________________to English on the radio every day. 【2016·重庆中考题】

②He did some work this morning.

He_________do_________work this morning.【2013·四川中考题】

【参考答案】①doesn’t listen ②didn’t;any

(3)含有宾语从句的主从复合句,主句的主语是第一人称,谓语动词是think,believe,guess,suppose,expect等时,如果要否定宾语从句,习惯上要否定主句的谓语动词,即变为“I don’t think/believe/guess/suppose/expect+宾语从句”形式。例如:

I think it will snow tomorrow.

I________think it________snow tomorrow.【2017·龙东模拟题】

【参考答案】don’t;will

(4)在将祈使句变为否定句时,一般应在动词原形之前添加助动词Don’t。以Let’s或Let us开头的祈使句,可在其后添加not,也可在其前加Don’t。例如:

①Look at the blackboard,please.

________________at the blackboard,please.

②Let’s go out for a walk.

________________go out for a walk./_______________go out for a walk.

【参考答案】①Don’t look ②Don’t let’s/Let’s not

(5)除将肯定句的谓语部分变为否定式外,还有变其他词语为否定式的情况,如both改为neither,both...and改为neither...nor,a few改为few,a little改为little,all改为none,always改为 never,含every-的复合不定代词改为含no-的复合不定代词等。例如:

①Both Lucy and Mary can speak Japanese very well.

_______Lucy_______Mary can speak Japanese very well. 【2016·绥化中考题】

②He knows everything about your school.【2018·哈尔滨中考预测题】

He________________about your school.

【参考答案】①Neither;nor ②knows nothing

3.单复数句子的互换

单复数句子互换,对应句中的名词、代词、动词等能变则变,不能变的要么保留,要么去掉。做好这类题,必须掌握名词、代词单复数的变化规律,以及动词第三人称单数的构成规则等。单数句中的a/an在变为复数句时,要根据句意将其换为some或any。例如:

Is there a pet dog in your home?

________there_______pet dogs in your home?【2016·孝感中考题】

【参考答案】Are;any

4.陈述句变为以how或what开头的感叹句

陈述句变为感叹句,首先要确定是用what还是用how来引导这个感叹句。how作状语,修饰形容词、副词或句子;what作定语,修饰名词(名词前可有形容词或冠词)。若名词为单数可数名词,其前面要加a或an;若为复数名词和不可数名词,其前面不用冠词。例如:

①Mr.Smith is a very kind man.

______________kind man Mr.Smith is!【2016·新疆中考题】

②Our school is beautiful.

______________our school is!【2014·黔南中考题】

【参考答案】①What a ②How beautiful

5.陈述句变为反意疑问句

陈述句变为反意疑问句,要注意反意疑问句的结构(“肯定陈述句部分+否定的附加问句”或“否定陈述句部分+肯定的附加问句”)。附加问句要重复陈述句的主语(必须用代词)和have/has/had/will/shall等助动词或情态动词。如陈述句是实义动词的一般现在时或一般过去时,加助动词do/does/did。例如:

①It’s a nice day,________?【2015·新疆中考题】

②Mr.Smith and his wife seldom drive their car to work,________________? 【2014·黔南中考题】

③The students enjoy playing football,________________? 【2015·绥化中考题】

【参考答案】①isn’t it ②do they ③don’t they

6.对画线部分提问

对画线部分提问题型的解题方法是确定画线部分在句子中所做的成分,用合适的疑问词放在句首代替画线部分而构成特殊疑问句。具体步骤如下:选择疑问词——变为一般疑问句——疑问词后加一般疑问句——省略画线部分——改句号为问号。例如:

①I was studying for the test when the rainstorm came.

________were you________when the rainstorm came? 【2017·孝感中考题】

②The girl bought lots of clothes on the day of Double 11 last year.

______________the girl do on the day of Double 11 last year? 【2016·重庆中考题】

【参考答案】①What;doing ②What did

【注意】如果句中的画线部分是主语或主语的定语,则可用疑问词直接替换,原句不必改为一般疑问句的语序。

二、同义型句型转换

同义型句型转换就是将所给的句子换个说法,即要求用不同的词汇、短语或句型表示相同或相近的意思,考查考生对英语词汇、句型、语法的掌握情况和灵活运用的能力。待填写的单词处已经给出相应的空白,每个空白处往往填写一个单词。

1.词汇的相互转换

词汇的转换主要包括用词性相同的同义词(组)或反义词(组)相替换、用派生词或多义词改写,以及同一个词在不同句式中的语序转换等。例如:

①I spent thirty yuan on this ticket.(改为同义句)

I________thirty yuan_______this ticket.【2016·新疆中考题】

②PM 2.5 does harm to people’s health and the environment.(改为同义句)

PM 2.5 is_______________people’s health and the environment. 【2017·上海中考题】

③They are all from America.(改为同义句)

_________________them are from America.【2015·鸡西中考题】

④They are in different teams.(改为同义句)

They aren’t in________________team.【2015·白银中考题】

【参考答案】①paid;for ②bad for/harmful to③All of④the same

2.简单句和简单句的互换

用意义相同或相近,但结构不同的两个简单句型来表达相同的句子意思。如主、被动语态的互换、there be与have句型的互换、现在完成时与一般过去时句式的互换、感叹句之间的互换、陈述句和祈使句的互换、用it作形式主语句式的转换,以及比较级别句式间的互换,等等。例如:

①You shouldn’t drive cars after drinking wine.(改为祈使句)

________________cars after drinking wine.【2016·乌鲁木齐中考题】

②I often see him play football after school.(改为被动语态)

He is often_______________play football after school. 【2016·天水中考题】

③My cousin bought a new bike last week.(改为同义句)

My cousin has_______a new bike_______last week. 【2015·孝感中考题】

【参考答案】①Don’t drive ②seen to ③had;since

3.简单句和复合句的互换

这类句型的转换形式主要包括两个简单句合并为一个复合句、too...to句型与so...that句型的互换、词组与从句相替代等。例如:

① Let’s discuss when we shall go to the Sea World.(改为同义句)

Let’s discuss_______________go to the Sea World. 【2017·孝感中考题】

②Charlie is so young that he can’t take the underground alone.(改为简单句)

Charlie is________________to take the underground alone. 【2016·上海中考题】

③She acted well enough to win the hearts of many people.(同义句转换)

She acted______well that she______the hearts of many people. 【2017·哈尔滨中考题】

④Whose schoolbag is on the desk?Father asked.(合并为含有宾语从句的复合句)

Father asked________schoolbag_______on the desk. 【2017·达州中考题】

【参考答案】①when to ②too young ③so;won④whose;was

4.复合句和复合句的互换

复合句之间的相互转换主要包括after与until两种时间状语从句之间的转换和宾语从句的改写等。例如:

①“How do you sell goods at the WeChat shop?”Kevin asked me.(改写句子,句意不变)

Kevin asked me________I_______goods at the WeChat shop. 【2016·济南中考题】

②His father went to bed after Dave came back home last night.(改为同义句)

His father________go to bed________Dave came back home last night. 【2016·孝感中考题】

【参考答案】①how;sold ②didn’t;until

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