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话说冠词

2018-08-13陈传光

疯狂英语·爱英语 2018年12期
关键词:定冠词冠词音素

陈传光

◎要点梳理

冠词是置于名词之前,说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词。冠词也可以说是名词的一种标志,它不能离开名词而单独存在。

在英语中,冠词可以分为定冠词和不定冠词两种。

一、不定冠词

不定冠词有a和an两种形式,a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前;an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。不定冠词的用法如下:

1.第一次提到某人(事物)且并非特指时,用不定冠词作介绍作用。例如:

Han Mei?蒺s parents paid a visit to England recently.

Helen is studying in a middle school in China.

2.用在單数普通名词前指一类人(事物),但不具体说明何人(事物)。例如:

A car runs faster than a bus.

She is an English teacher.

3.用在单数名词前,表示“一”,是数的概念,但没有one强烈。例如:

I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.

4.用在表示时间或度量单位的名词前,有“每一”的意思。例如:

The car is running 80 kilometers an hour.

5.用于某些习惯用语中。例如:

a few、 a little、 a lot of、 a number of、 in a hurry、 a long time ago、 an hour or two、 once upon a time、have a rest、 have a cold、 take a look at、 take a walk、for a while等。

二、定冠词

英语中的定冠词只有一个,即the。其用法如下:

1.特指某人(事物),或指双方都知道的人(事物),或上文提到过的人(事物)。例如:

Who is the boy?

I bought a bike yesterday. The bike is red.

2.用在世界上独一无二事物的名词前;用在江、河、湖和海、山脉等名词前;用在序数词前;用在表示乐器的名词前;用在形容词最高级前;用在方位词前。例如:

The teacher told us the moon moves round the sun.

The Changjiang River is the longest river in the world.

3.用在姓氏复数形式前面,表示“夫妇”或“一家人”。例如:

The Blacks are interested in watching football games.

The Wangs have moved into the new flat.

4.用在有后置定语的名词前,表示特指。例如:

The girl in red has got her arm broken.

I?蒺ll pass it to the soldier under the tree.

5.用在某些形容词前表示“一类人”。例如:

The weak, like the strong, have their own place in the world.

People, both the poor and the rich like watching TV.

6.用于某些习惯用语中。例如:

in the morning、 in the end、 in the middle of、 at the moment、 on the right / left、 on the other side of、go to the cinema、 the Summer Palace、 the Great Wall、 the USA等。

三、不用冠词的场合

1.复数名词或不可数名词表示一般意义而不表示具体的人或物时,不用冠词。例如:

Water is needed by all the living things.

Ducks swim very well.

2.名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格时,不用冠词。例如:

I will buy this computer for my brother if I have any money.

3.泛指节日、季节、月份、星期等名词前不用冠词。例如:

Teachers?蒺 Day、 Children?蒺s Day、 in May、 at Christmas、 in summer等。

4.在三餐、棋类、球类运动名称前,以及称呼语、职位头衔名词前不用冠词。例如:

He went to school without breakfast.

Boys prefer playing football to playing the violin.

5.不用冠词的习惯用语。例如:

at noon、 at night、 at first、 by bus、 on foot、 go to school、 go to bed、 in hospital、 stay in bed、 at home、day and night、 face to face、 from morning till night、husband and wife等。

◎考例呈现

1.—What useful book it is!

—Yeah, it tells you how to play the guitar.

A.an B.a C.the D./

【2018 ·内江中考题】

【答案与解析】B a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前。useful的第一个音素为辅音,要用a。

2.Hawking, one of most famous scientists, passed away in March.

【2018 ·镇江中考题】

A.a B.an C.the D.不填

【答案与解析】C 固定结构:one of the+形容词的最高级+复数名词,意为“最……的……之一”。故选C项。

3.I spend hour playing drums everyday.

【2018·绥化中考题】

A.a; the B.an; / C.an; the

【答案與解析】C 不定冠词用在表示时间的名词前,有“每一”的意思,an hour意为“一个小时”;乐器类前要加定冠词the。故选C项。

4.—I?蒺m thirsty, Mom.

—Here is bottle of water for you.

【2018·淮安中考题】

A.a B.an C.the D./

【答案与解析】A 不定冠词用在单数名词前,表示“一”,是数的概念,a bottle of water意为“一瓶水”。故选A项。

5.We should have breakfast every day to keep healthy.

【2018·青岛中考题】

A.a B.an C./ D.the

【答案与解析】C 表示三餐的名词前不用冠词。故选C项。

6.There will be talk on good manners at the school hall this afternoon.

【2018·宿迁中考题】

A.the B.an C.a D./

【答案与解析】C 表示泛指的数量“一”时,应用不定冠词a或an。其后的talk的第一个音素是辅音音素,应用冠词a。故选C项。

◎巩固自测

根据句意,在需要的地方填入适当的冠词。

1.This is way we walk to school. That is way we draw with markers.

2.In morning, I have breakfast. Then I go to school.

3.This is good way we wear our clothes on Sunday morning.

4.My bicycle is broken. I need new chain.

5.I have friend named Jenny Smith. She goes to school on foot.

6.This eraser is on sale. eraser is one yuan.

7.That is a new book. book is for Miss Green.

8.My uncle isn?蒺t old man, and he likes playing football.

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