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37例免疫受损患者肺部感染的诊断分析

2018-06-20周明远

中外医疗 2018年7期
关键词:肺部感染诊断

周明远

[摘要] 目的 对免疫受损并发肺部感染患者的诊断方法、病原学特点进行探讨。方法 方便选取2014年2月—2016年2月期间,在该院进行治疗的37例免疫受损并发肺部感染患者,所有患者均给予常规痰检与支气管镜检查,对两种方法的检出率及结果进行对比、分析。 结果 在免疫受损并发肺部感染患者病原阳性诊断率方面,常规痰检阳性率为37.84%,支气管镜检阳性率为74.29%,后者明显高于前者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。免疫受损患者肺部感染病原学有别于免疫功能正常者,多以院内感染病原菌、真菌、结核、原虫感染为主。结论 免疫受损并发肺部感染患者及早行支气管镜检查,病原菌阳性检出率较高,对明确病原学诊断具有重要临床价值。

[关键词] 免疫受损;肺部感染;支气管镜检;诊断

[中图分类号] R4 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2018)03(a)-0028-03

Diagnosis and Analysis of Pulmonary Infection in 37 Immunocompromised Patients

ZHOU Ming-yuan

Department of Respiratory, Chuxiong Peoples Hospital of Yunnan Province, Chuxiong, Yunnan Province, 675000 China

[Abstract] Objective This paper tries to explore the diagnostic methods and etiological characteristics of patients with immunocompromised pulmonary infection. Methods 37 cases of immune in this hospital from January 2014 to January 2016 were convenient selected selected from the patients with impaired pulmonary infection, all patients were given routine sputum examination and bronchoscopy examination, the detection rate and the results of the two methods were analyzed. Results In the immunocompromised patients with pulmonary infection, the positive rate of sputum examination was 37.84%, the positive rate of bronchoscopy was 74.29%, which was significantly higher than the former(P<0.05). The etiology of pulmonary infection in immunocompromised patients is different from those with normal immune function, and most of them are pathogenic bacteria, fungi, tuberculosis and protozoal infections in nosocomial infection. Conclusion Immunocompromised patients with pulmonary infection and early bronchoscopy, the positive detection rate of pathogens higher, clear pathogenic diagnosis has important clinical value.

[Key words] Immune damage; Lung infection; Bronchoscopy; Diagnosis

近幾年来,免疫受损(ICH)患者基数呈现出持续扩大的趋势[1],肺部是最容易遭受免疫受损的器官。ICH患者并发肺部感染一般病情进展快,想要彻底根治十分困难。该组研究针对2014年2月—2016年2月期间该院收治的37例免疫受损并发肺部感染患者的诊断方法、病原学特点进行探讨,现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

方便选取在该院进行治疗的37例免疫受损并发肺部感染患者,其中男性20例,女性17例。年龄最小20岁,最大78岁,平均(48.3±2.4)岁。患者基础疾病类型主要为:6例系统性红斑狼疮、6例皮肌炎、4例肾病综合征并肾功能衰竭、5例HIV阳性、5例实体肿瘤、3例多发性肌炎,白血病、类风湿性关节炎、再生障碍性贫血及ANCA相关性血管炎各2例。所有患者入院均具有肺部感染症状及影像学表现,5例实体肿瘤有放化疗史,免疫性疾病均有激素、免疫抑制剂用药史。血常规检查:中性粒细胞>1.0×109/L 25例,0.5~1.0×109/L 7例,<0.5×109/L 5例。37例患者中,5例采用无创呼吸机治疗、3例采用气管插管治疗、1例采用气管切开治疗。

1.2 方法

患者入院次日留取深部痰送检,所有患者均给予3次以上常规痰涂片及培养。常规痰检病原菌分布:14例呈病原阳性,其中3例铜绿假单胞菌,大肠埃希氏菌、肺炎克雷白杆菌、白色念珠菌、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌及金黄色葡萄球菌各2例,1例鲍曼不动杆菌。

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