追随三毛边走边唱

陈静

4月20日，随着三毛作词的歌曲《橄榄树》的歌声响起，第二届“三毛散文奖”在浙江舟山启动。

首届“三毛散文奖”在去年成功举办后，“三毛”文化品牌已在国内外产生重大影响。舟山市定海区通过建立三毛纪念馆、三毛书吧，成立三毛研究会，进一步扩大“三毛”文化品牌效应。

其中，三毛研究会吸收了一批三毛文学研究者和爱好者，并在全国范围内聘请了20名专家组成专家委员会。在这些专家中，有一位西班牙姑娘，叫董琳娜。她热爱三毛，热爱三毛的文字，她把三毛的作品翻譯成西班牙文，用西班牙文展示了三毛的传奇生活，也为三毛的海外读者带去了无法用言语述说的慰藉。

一位和三毛很有缘分的女生

董琳娜，1991年4月出生于西班牙巴塞罗那，2013年毕业于巴塞罗那自治大学，获得翻译与口译学士学位;2017年毕业于上海财经大学，获得国际商务硕士学位;目前正在巴塞罗那自治大学攻读翻译与跨文化专业博士学位，现为该大学专门研究影视翻译与无障碍环境的transmedia catalonia研究小组成员。其研究兴趣包括翻译与无障碍电影等，同时从事文学翻译工作，已译著出版两部三毛的小说。

董琳娜在大学本科选择了翻译专业，在大一的时候，“有一次老师布置作业，要采访一位中国朋友为什么学习西班牙语，我采访的那位朋友正是因为三毛才学习西班牙语的。”这是董琳娜第一次在别人口中听到“三毛”这个名字，知道三毛曾在西班牙留学，又嫁给了西班牙人。她开始对这个中国人感兴趣，想把三毛的故事翻译成西班牙文。但是在西班牙，很多人却不知道三毛，“我知道三毛是一个很重要的人。”董琳娜的语气很笃定。

那时候董琳娜的中文水平并不是非常好，正是因为三毛，更加坚定了她学习中文的决心。

大学本科毕业后，董琳娜想更深一步学习中文，于是来到了中国。

在黑龙江大学学习语言的时候，她语言课课本的第一篇课文就是三毛的《沙漠的饭店》，当年在她心中留下的关于三毛的那个回忆浮现了。“我觉得和三毛很有缘分，就决定开始翻译三毛的作品。”

在众多三毛读者眼中，三毛是爱自由和受过高等教育女性的楷模，为探索世界不惜跋山涉水，不惧沙漠中的孤寂，与西班牙人荷西相伴相随。她书中充满异域色彩的世界令人神往，她如电影一般的生活充满吸引力;她的经典作品《撒哈拉的故事》，也永远如一位挚友在你耳边娓娓诉说那些故事。在她的影响下，许多人至今还会朝圣般地前往西班牙。

三毛的作品首次译成西班牙文

董琳娜翻译了不少三毛写的故事，如《沙漠饭店》《哑奴》《结婚记》《娃娃新娘》……

翻译了几个故事后，她开始寻找出版社想出版，但是一直没有成功。“在西班牙，中国现代作家的作品很少被翻译成西班牙文，所以我去寻找出版社的时候，遇到了不少困难。”困难压不过热爱，没有出版社愿意出版，她仍然继续翻译。

2015年，西班牙的Rata出版社通过董琳娜的朋友知道董琳娜翻译了三毛的部分作品，他们正好想出版。“我把我已经翻译好的几个故事发给他们，出版社看了以后很满意，当时就决定出版了。于是我开始翻译更多三毛的作品。”

2016年10月，三毛的作品《撒哈拉的故事》第一次被译成西班牙文和加泰罗尼亚文（西班牙官方语言之一）出版。外文版《Diarios del Sahara（撒哈拉的故事）》，讲述的就是三毛1974年到1975年生活在沙漠中的日常和故事。

“书出版以后，邮箱里开始收到一些读者发来的邮件，和我聊三毛、聊荷西、聊他们的爱情，很多读者还提出要求，希望我翻译更多三毛的作品，那时候我才知道，西班牙有很多像我一样喜欢三毛的人。”董琳娜告诉笔者。

《Diarios del Sahara（撒哈拉的故事）》出版后，董琳娜在她的朋友圈这样写道：

“我翻译的《撒哈拉的故事》已经发行了，我给我国（我的祖国）送的一辈子的礼物。”

“我今天晒幸福，请原谅我！三毛通过她的主要作品回到西班牙了！”

之后，Rata出版社甚至还收到了三毛西班牙朋友的来信。“原来三毛在西班牙还有很多老朋友，他们看到三毛的作品被翻译成西班牙文后很激动。有些是三毛曾经的邻居，信件中分享了三毛住在加那利群岛中的丹娜丽芙岛时的一些事情，这些让我深受触动。”

2017年10月，董琳娜翻译的第二本书《Diarios de las Canarias（梦中的橄榄树）》出版了。目前她正在翻译第三本，同时为一家西班牙影视公司拍摄三毛纪录片，做资料的翻译工作，“这部关于三毛的纪录片现在正在拍摄中，三毛的家人也参与其中，在西班牙、中国台湾及香港各地拍摄。”

关于三毛，她还想了解更多

三毛以其特立独行的作品与人格气质，影响了好几代人的精神生活。她笔下色彩缤纷的异国情调，字里行间的爱心，以及文中时刻迸发出的诙谐、机智，在读者心中留下深刻的印记，董琳娜就是其中的一位。

“我翻译三毛作品的时候，忙着在辞典中查阅她作品中古代诗词的资料，没有很仔细地去看，后来才细细阅读她的故事，尤其是在翻译了两本书之后，我发现我的生活因为三毛有了些变化。”董琳娜说，“现在如果我遇到类似三毛遇到的情况，脑海中就会自然而然浮现三毛当时的做法，我觉得自己慢慢开始受三毛的影响，有时候走在马路上，就自然而然会想，这个时候，三毛会做些什么。”

三毛的人格魅力是毋庸置疑的，在董琳娜眼中，三毛身上的自强自立是最吸引她的。“我一直以为中国是一个很保守的社会，但是通过三毛，完全颠覆了我之前对中国的印象，尤其是对中国女性。”

位于加那利群岛首府La Palma的一处墓地，常年有鲜花相伴，长眠于此的男子José Mar a Quero，就是三毛的丈夫。他出生在Jaén，在马德里长大，在1979年9月30日因潜水事故去世。他墓碑前经常有鲜花，这并不是家人献上的，因为家人并不住在此处。献上鲜花的是来自中国、日本等国家的游客。

董琳娜是西班牙人，自從4年前搬到中国以后，很少回西班牙，每次回去的时间也不是非常充裕。她一直很想去荷西和三毛生活过的加那利群岛看一看，“那边还有很多三毛和荷西的朋友，他们很想认识我，我也很期待和他们聊聊关于三毛、关于荷西的故事，希望明年可以有机会去……”

Over the years since the death of Sanmao （1943-1991）， the Taiwan writers wistful nostalgia has blossomed into a strong cultural fragrance that permeates the thousand-year-old coastal city of Dinghai in Zhejiang Province. April 20 of 2018 saw the grand opening of the second ‘Sanmao Prose Award in Dinghai， where the writers root-seeking sojourn in the breezy spring of 1989 in the small village of Chenjiacun wrote a chapter of immense significance in the cross-straits relation of China. The city is embracing the legacy of its “traveling daughter” through a host of Sanmao-themed cultural establishments including a Sanmao Memorial Hall， a bookstore and a Sanmao Research Society， the members of which include a Spanish girl who shows her love for the writer and her works in a very special， dedicated way.

Irene Tor Carroggio

The young Spanish translator is known as Dong Linna among her Chinese friends. Born in Barcelona in 1991， Irene Tor Carroggio graduated from Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona with a Bachelors Degree in Translation and Interpretation and finished her postgraduate study in Shanghai University of Finance and Economics， majoring in International Business. She is working on her Doctoral Degree to intensify her specialization in translation and cross-cultural study back in the Barcelona University， with a focus on barrier film study and literature translation. Her published translation works include two books by Sanmao， one of the most remembered writers from Taiwan， a province of China.

“I knew little about Sanmao until I interviewed a friend of mine for my homework in my first undergraduate year. That was how I became curious about the writer and her legendary life. Her beautiful writing made me want to translate her life stories into Spanish， and I soon realized Sanmao wasnt known by as many Spanish people as she deserves. One thing is for sure， that is， Sanmao deserves a position in the cultural landscape of Spain，” Dong Linna recalls.

A determined Dong Linna landed in Heilongjiang University to hone her Chinese skills. “Reading ， which recounts the writers fond memory about her happy， content years spent with her Spanish husband Josh， I felt closer to the writer and it all felt like destiny.”

Dealing mainly with her own experiences studying and living abroad， Sanmao's books were extremely well received and remain popular reads today. From 1976 to the time of her death in 1991， Sanmao published more than 20 books.

In 1976 San Mao published the autobiographical ， which recorded her experiences living in the Sahara together with her Spanish husband Jose， whom she first met in Madrid and later married in 1973 while living together in the then Spanish-controlled Western Sahara. Part travelogue and part memoir，  was an eye-opening account of life and love， and quickly established Sanmao as a travel writer with a unique voice. The wandering writer is loved by her readers for an unsullied heart yearning for a distant place where life may not be perfect but was pure and real. Sanmao spent most of her life as a nomad， following nothing but the heart to pursue spiritual freedom.

Over the years since the death of Sanmao， the writers wistful nostalgia has blossomed into a strong cultural fragrance that permeates the Chinese communities across the globe. Nearly three decades after her suicidal death， her soul-healing writing style and her heart-breaking romance with her soul mate is still bringing hard-core fans to La Palma， where her sweetheart rests in peace in a cemetery.

“I worked hard on the Sanmao project and got the translation of several of her essays done， but it was turned down a number of times when I was trying to find a publishing channel in Spain. It looked like Chinese modern literature is far away from being embraced by the mainstream Spanish readers. I carried on my translation anyway，” Dong Linna recalls.

The turning point finally came in 2015， when the girl received a call from Rata Publishing. “I showed them several finished projects and they were happy about the quality.”

The Spanish and Catalonian translations of  were released in October 2016. For the first time， the Spanish love story of Sanmao was shared with Spanish readers.

“Emails poured in from readers who wanted to talk with me about Sanmao and Jose. Many readers asked for more translation of her works， making me realize the immense significance of bringing the nomadic writers legacy back to the home country of her beloved husband. I also got letters from the writers many Spanish friends， including her neighbors on the Canary Islands， who shared their excitement with me.”

October 2017 saw the release of ， her second translated Sanmao book. She is now working on the third one and taking part in a documentary-making program commissioned by a company in Spain.

Dong Linna has been living in China for about four years.