嘉定区公立医疗机构基层药师职业倦怠情况调查分析
2018-05-16钱芳高妍顾艳刘朵
钱芳 高妍 顾艳 刘朵
摘 要 目的:了解基层药师职业倦怠的现状和相关影响因素。方法:采用简单随机抽样方法在嘉定区全部二级医疗机构与社区卫生服务中心内选取了197名药师,采用人口学资料问卷和马斯勒倦怠量表-服务行业版量表对所有药师进行问卷调查。结果:药师职业倦怠的比例为63.47%,44.31%的被试者有一定程度的情感衰竭现象,38.92%的被试者有不同程度的去人性化现象,67.07%的被试者缺乏个人成就感;不同工作岗位、学历水平的药师,其职业倦怠情况的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:应重点关注调剂岗位和本科学历以下的药师的职业发展,合理配备药学人员,注重其精神心理需求,预防职业倦怠。
关键词 药师;职业倦怠;情感衰竭;去人性化;个人成就感
中图分类号:R192 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2018)06-0012-03
Investigation and analysis of the job burnout of grass-roots pharmacists in public medical institutions of Jiading District
QIAN Fang, GAO Yan, GU Yan, LIU Duo
(Pharmacy Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine Hospital of Jiading District, Shanghai 201800, China)
ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the status and related factors of the job burnout of the grass-roots pharmacists. Methods: By simple random sampling, 197 pharmacists were selected in all secondary medical institutions and community health service centers in Jiading District. All pharmacists were investigated by demographic data questionnaire and masler burnout scaleservice industry scale. Results: The proportion of pharmacists job burnout was 63.47%, 44.31% of the subjects had a certain degree of emotional exhaustion, 38.92% of the subjects with different degrees of depersonalization, and 67.07% of the subjects lacked a sense of personal achievement. The difference of the job burnout in pharmacists with different jobs and academic qualifications was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion: Focus attention should be given to the adjustment position and the career development of pharmacists below the bachelors degree, rationally staffing pharmaceutical workers, focusing on their mental and psychological needs, and preventing job burnout.
KEY WORDS pharmacist; job burnout; emotional exhaustion; depersonalization; personal accomplishment
职业倦怠[1-2]是一种影响个人身心健康和工作服务质量的长期性心理反映,指个体长期处于工作压力状态下出现的一种身心消耗过度、精力衰竭的综合征状态,国际上常使用3个维度来表达,情感衰竭(Emotional Exhaustion,EE)指工作没有热情,注意力难以集中,也是职业倦怠的核心维度;去人性化(Depersonalization,DP)指对工作对象采取冷漠、忽视的态度,且自身情绪易怒,导致个人发展停滞;个人成就感(Personal Accomplishment,PA)指以自我工作能力體验和成就的评价来衡量职业倦怠的程度。
对于职业倦怠的研究,国内近年来在医生、护士、教师、警察等群体开展的较多,而药师作为医务团队中的一员,对其职业倦怠的研究并不多。随着医疗改革的进一步推进,药品零加成政策的执行,药师面临较大的职业方向转型压力。在完成繁重调剂工作的同时,需要参与处方审核、用药监护及患者教育等等与合理用药相关的工作。故笔者对此群体进行职业倦怠的调查分析。
1 对象与方法
1.1 调查对象
截至2017年4月30日,上海市嘉定区共有二级医疗机构6家、社区卫生服务中心12家,所有在职药师总数为291名。样本量依据简单随机抽样原则,同时考虑20%的失访率,确定抽样调查药师数为197名。用Minitab 17.0软件对291名药师按照上述计算结果进行随机抽样,获得最终的问卷调查人员名单。
本次调查共发放问卷197份,回收197份,其中有效问卷167份,合格率为84.77%。受调查者基本情况为:二级医疗机构药师84名(50.00%),社区卫生服务中心药师83名(50.00%);其中男性51名(30.54%),女性116名(69.46%);≤30岁48名(28.74%),31~40岁82名(49.10%),41~50岁29名(17.37%),≥50岁8名(4.79%);初级职称126名(75.45%),中级39名(23.35%),高级2名(1.20%)。