高考英语高分作文写作方法
2018-05-14刘庆延
刘庆延
高考英语高分档次的作文要求考生根据文章的内容要点,能够应用较多词汇和一些高级词汇,使用较多的语法结构和一定的句型,有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑,具备较强的语言运用能力。 因此,高中生要想在高考得高分作文, 除了确定时态及人称,有效使用连词、使段与段、句与句明晰、做到文意与结构上层次分明、条理清楚外,词汇的选择和句式的变化是高分作文的关键。
一、选词要灵活多变,多使用高级词汇
1.多使用升级词汇
英语词汇丰富,一词多义、同义词数量巨大,在写作过程中,遇到的最大困难就是词汇匮乏,造成表达思想时,找不到合适的单词,转向使用简单的词汇,没有将自己以前所学的单词“升级”,导致思想表达不准确、不高级。
例如,一想到“好”,就是“good”;一想到“坏”,就是“bad”,一想到“美丽”就是“beautiful”。这样的低能词汇,会让老师感到疲倦。
①very可替换为 exremely, surprisingly
②finally可替换为last but not least
③many 可替换为a sea of, an ocean of, countless, an army of, a host of,a variety number of, numerous, a great deal of
④like sth可替换为be fond of,be crazy about sth,fall in love with sth
⑤should 可替換为 be supposed to
⑥think可替换为take the attitude that/harbor the idea that
⑦immediately可替换为in no time, in a flash
⑧difficult 可替换为 challenging
2.多使用最新所学的词汇
①beautiful 可替换为 attractive, appealing
②important 可替换为vital 至关重要的, essential 必不可少的, significant 有重要意义的;
③美丽的beautiful可替换为 appealing动人的, attractive吸引人的charming迷人的 fascinating 迷人的
④in my opinion 可替换为 from my perspective,from my point of view, as far as I am concerned, personally,… 在我看来,…
3.多使用短语,替代单词
把某些常见单词转化为短语,体现活用短语能力。
①参加 join 可替换为take part in
②使用use可替换为→make good use of
③拜访visit 可替换为pay a visit to
④重要的important 可替换为of great importance
⑤有害的harmful 可替换为of great harm
⑥有价值的valuable 可替换为 of great value
⑦看见 see可替换为 at the sight of
4.多使用“具体化”单词
使用具体化单词是指换掉某些表意不明确的单词,换上表意更加明确具体的单词,或者在句中适当增加细节成分,让句子的含义更加丰富,让读者更容易由句子展开丰富的联想。
Mr Wang is a a good teacher. 可替换为:Mr Wang is a kind, patient and knowledgeable teacher who knows how to enlighten us students.
A kind, patient and knowledgeable就比 good 具体说清楚,说出老师好在哪些方面,将原本毫无生气的句子顿时变得生动形象了。
二、句型要丰富多彩
高考英语作文重在设计,设计出让阅卷老师眼前一亮的句子,应用语法知识,写出感叹句、倒装句、复合句、强调句、非谓语动词、独立主格结构等,频变句型结构,使整篇文章句型丰富,不单一,能让你的作文在高考中拿到高分。
1.运用双重否定句替代肯定句
(1)我们每学期都要去敬老院看望老人。
可翻译为:We never fails to go to the nursing-house to visit the seniors each term.
(2)这个小孩一直哭到妈妈回来。
可翻译为:The baby didn't stop crying until his mum came.
(3)出入图书馆每个学生必须出示学生证
可翻译为: Not a student has access to the library without showing his student card.
2.使用倒装句替代陈述句
(1)以否定词开头,使用部分倒装
I will never give up.可替换为:Never will I give up.
其他的否定词,如not, seldom,hardly,never,little,no sooner,in no case,at no time,by no means,in no way,in no sense,on no account,under no circumstance等开头后面的句子,采用倒装都属于更好的表达。
(2)以地点状语开头,使用完全倒装The library is in the center of our school.
可替换为:In the center of our school lies the library.
(3)“only+状语”位于句首,使用部分倒装Onlyin this way can I make progress.
3.使用被动句替代主动句
英语经常用物称或形式主语开头,强调一件事发生在什么人身上,而汉语经常用人称开头强调一个人发生了什么事, 所以汉语几乎整篇文章都使用主动语态。在英文中,使用被动语态可以引出主题、突出主题,让写作更符合英语的表达习惯。再者文章大多都是主动句,偶尔出现一个被动句,会让文章增色不少。
例如:我们每次可以借三本书,借阅时间为15天。 We can borrow three books at a time,and we can keep them for fifteen days.
就不如翻译At most three books can be borrowed at a time and they can be kept for fifteen days.
再如:随着科技的不断发展,人们在各个领域都使用计算机。With the development of the science and techology, We use the computers in various fields
就不如翻譯为: With the development of the science and techology, computers are used in various fields.
4.使用分词等非谓语动词结构
使用非谓语结构(分词短语、动名词或不定式短语),适当运用各种从句(定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句)是有效途径。在写作时能使 行文简洁形象且避免语句错误, 使英语表达简练,地道。
(1)when he arrived in Beijing, he gave me an e-mail.
可替换为:On arriving in Beijing, he gave me an e-mail.
或者Having arrived in Beijing. he gave me an e-mail.
(2)I won't believe what he says.
可替换为:No matter what he says, I won't believe.
(3)The question is being discussed, it is of great importance.
可替换为:The question being discussed is of great importance.
(4)生活没有目标就像航海没有指南针。Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.
(5)由于暴风雨,所有的飞机都被取消,旅客只有乘火车了。
All flights had been cancelled because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.
就不如翻译为:All flights having been cancelled because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.
(6)After supper was finished, we started to discuss the match.
可替换为: Supper finished ,we started to discuss the match.
高分作文练习:(新课标全国卷)假定你是李华,从互联网上得知一个国际中学生组织将在新加坡举办夏令营,欢迎各国学生参加。请写一封电子邮件申请参加。
Dear Sir or Madam,
My name is Li Hua, a middle school student from China. Ive learned on the Internet that your summer camp, which is going to be held in Singapore (复杂句型,that 引导宾语从句,从句又包含一个which引导的非限制性定语从句) is round the corner(亮点短语). I am really interested in it.
I am active and enjoy various activities(亮点词汇), and hope to take part in it very much.I know the ability of communication is of importance(名词短语替代形容词) and I can speak English quite fluently(亮点词汇). In addition(递进关系), in your camp, there are so many students from different countries. Therefore, I can communicate with the students from different parts of the world. Not only(倒装句)can I introduce China to them, but I can know more about their countries as well.
此外, 完美的段落分配,清晰的结构、长短句的搭配顺畅的连词和干净认真的书写也是高分作文的亮点。同学们只要做到抓住这些亮点,评卷老师一定不会吝惜给你高分。