浅析通过语篇教学培养学生的阅读理解能力的方法

【摘要】本文通过阐述课文语篇整体教学的教学思路，指出它与阅读能力培养的要求不谋而合，并以课文 The Treasure in the Orchard 为例，论证了通过语篇教学培养学生的阅读理解能力所取得的良好效果和可行性。

【关键词】语篇教学；阅读理解能力

一、引言

英语阅读理解能力是指通过阅读，吸收和获取书面信息的能力，是英语综合应用能力的重要体现。这些信息包括：文章的事实和细节，主旨大意、段落大意和中心思想，文章层次和逻辑关系，作者的态度和观点等。培养学生英语阅读理解能力一般有两个途径，一是通过课堂上的课文阅读教学，二是通过广泛的课外阅读活动。这里，我重点说说课文语篇教学对学生阅读能力的培养。

二、语篇教学和阅读理解能力

语篇教学从理解整篇内容入手，把课文作为一个功能完备的整体，首先将课文内容以整体信息的形式向学生输入，通过阅读和理解引导学生整体感知语篇，然后进行局部仔细分析，逐步挖掘其他教学内容；最后，从不同的角度、以不同的形式再次整体呈现语篇，与此同时，围绕语篇展开听、说、读、译相互结合的教学活动，即采取“整---分---整”的教学思路。

三、通过语篇教学培养学生的阅读理解能力

（一）Before reading

①问题要有针对性，紧扣课文主体。②问题要有层次性，使学生在问题的引领下整体把握课文。③问题要有梯度，形成信息差，能调动学生的学习积极性和兴趣。这三个问题如下：

1. When did the two sons set to dig in the orchard？ What did they dig for？

2. Was there any buried treasure hidden in the orchard by the father？

3. How much money did they sell the fruits for？

（二）While reading

A. Give explanation to some useful glossary

B. Paraphrase the some difficult sentences：

Eg. When they came in answer to his request， the old man，raising himself on his pillows， pointing though the window towards the orchard. （para 1）

Paraphrase： In order to follow/ complete their fathers request， the two sons came to his bedside. The father sat up with his back against the pillows and pointed towards the orchardthrough the window.

C. Analyze the structure of the text

How many parts does the text consist of？

Part 1 the old gardeners death and the will he made.（Para1– 7）

Part 2 the two sons digging industriously for the treasure in the orchard.（Para 8 –9）

Part 3 They got a good harvest and sold the fruits for a good price； their points of view towards treasure changed.（Para 10 – 15）

D. Analyze the moral of the fable through answering several gradually-developing questions

（三）After reading

1. 兩个话题供学生在课堂上进行小组讨论

A. What do you think the real treasure in the orchard is？

Key： Although the two brothers found no buried treasure that they had expected， they got abundant fruits yielded from the trees， which must be something more valuable in the long run. From the story， we come to know that the real treasure is not the one buried in earth， waiting us to dig out， but something we value and manage to get through hard working.

B. Whats the moral of the story？

Key：The fruits of hard work are the best treasure of all.

No pains， no gains.

2.课后拓展题目

Rewrite or shorten the story in your own words. You should write at least 80 words （Suggestion： You may write the story in a flashback.）

参考文献

[1]辛华.阅读策略与大学英语阅读能力的提高[J].沈阳大学学报（社会科学版），2006（02）：79～81.

作者简介：何莉梅（1968.06—），女，汉族，重庆人，本科，副教授，研究方向：英语教学法。