茅野市民馆，长野，日本

建筑设计：古谷诚章 + NASCA建筑师事务所 + 茅野建筑学会

茅野市民館是一座与JR中央本线茅野站直接相连的综合文化设施，有一间800座的座席可变的多功能厅、一间300座的音乐厅，以及美术馆和图书室。

由35位市民代表组成的“茅野市地域文化开创协会”自1999年启动以来，从构想到招标来选择设计单位，再到策定基本规划和管理运营规划，完全是一次市民主导的项目。这座由市民创造、为市民交流而建的“城市广场”一样的文化设施，终于在2005年6月建成了。

因为诹访一带的近邻自治体的既有设施中，大型厅作为音乐专用空间、小型厅作为可变空间使用的例子比较多，为了避免与之竞争，我们设想了一种能够互相弥补的通用型设施。多功能厅采用空气脚轮车来移动座席，可以实现从阶梯式到平土间一共14种座席构成，甚至座席后面的墙壁打开后还能跟门厅空间连成一体。这样一来，这里不仅能举办音乐会、戏剧表演和演讲，还可以应对大规模的展览或活动。另一间音乐厅虽然规模小，却能作为室内乐专用房间使用，出于隔音考虑被设置在了离铁路最远的位置。

大小两个厅再加上常设展厅、市民画廊等美术馆设施，以及可以单独借出的彩排室和练习室，甚至餐厅和图书馆的站前分室等，都通过一条门厅空间连接起来。门厅有时是各厅的休息区，有时又变成美术馆的扩展空间，甚至自己还能成为第三个厅，这些都是通过灵活而细致的构想加以实现的。我们通过这样的设计，试图使那些带着不同目的而来的访客们能自然而然地有机会接触其他人的活动，这样不仅可以激发他们对未知领域的兴趣，还能使其在有限的预算和面积条件下享受到更宽敞的空间。

另外，这个门厅空间通过一座设有玻璃幕墙和缓慢斜坡的楼，将茅野站的东西通路直接相连，使用者可以完全不出站就直接进入市民馆。这里冬天非常寒冷，高中生们在火车到站前一分钟还可以在斜坡楼的图书室里待着，而站台上或火车里的乘客也可以越过玻璃幕墙看到市民馆内的各种活动。换句话说，这里是作为茅野的一个新的地域文化创造的橱窗来构想的。

自从2001年的公开招标中被选为设计单位后，我们就和市民代表组成的“基本计划策定委员会”的成员们以及茅野市负责人一起进行了无数次工作坊讨论，共同为将来要创造的建筑图景而努力。就这样与市民通力协作了5年后，2005年10月1日终于迎来了市民馆的全面对外开放。在大小两个厅、美术馆、门厅、工作坊、中庭等馆内全部场所中，由市民亲自策划的各类活动同时进行，为期两天的“市民馆诞生祭”在综合体特有的乘法效应和活力中圆满举行。多功能厅的首次公演是由活跃在全世界的茅野出身的演奏家们回到家乡带来的庆生音乐会，而第二天多功能厅被彻底改成平土间，由同样是茅野出身的现居纽约的人气DJ策划了俱乐部活动，再加上可变型厅施展出的多彩空间构成，使男女老少能跨越年龄界限进行交流，这些都预示了茅野市民馆在未来无限利用的可能。□

4-6 图书室/Library

Chino Cultural Complex is a cultural facility with multiple functions directly connected with Chino Station of JR Chūō Main Line. The construction is composed of a multi-hall with 800 changeable seats, a concert hall of 300 seats, a museum and a library.

The project is completely under the management of citizens, from concept formation to calling for bids and choosing designers, then to formulating the fundamental plan and planning of its management and operation, through a"Chino Local Culture Creation Association" that was founded in 1999 and constituted by 35 citizen representatives. Finally in June 2005, this cultural facility, created by citizens and for citizen's communication like a "city square", was completed.

Since there have been a lot of constructions that use the large hall as the special music space and a smaller hall for changeable space in neighbourhood communities in Suwa, we designed a complementary facility for universal use. In the multi-hall, the air caster wagon was applied to move the seats, which makes it possible to arrange the seats into 14 shapes from ladder to parquet, even the wall behind the seats can be opened and the hall will be connected into the lobby as one space. Thus, the hall can be used not only to hold concert, theatre performance, and speech delivery, but also for larger scale exhibitions and activities. And the other concert hall, though smaller in size, can be used as a special room for indoor concert, which is designed at the farthest corner to the railway out of the sound insulation concern.

The two halls, the art museum facility including a permanent exhibition hall, a citizen gallery, etc.,the rehearsal room and the exercise room that can be borrowed, and even the station chamber of the restaurant and the library are all strung up by a lobby space. The lobby sometimes is the rest area for all halls, sometimes is an expanded space of the art museum, and sometimes becomes the third hall by itself, all of which are realised by flexible and delicate designs. Through such a design, we try to create chances for visitors, who come with various purposes, to contact with others' activity, which not only may stimulate their interest for unknown field,but also provide them a larger space compared to the limited budget and area.

In addition, the lobby space also connects the eastwest-oriented path of Chino Station with a building with glass curtain and slow slope, through which users can directly enter the complex without getting out of the station. The winter here is quite cold, and middle school students can wait for their train to the last minute in the library at the slope building, meanwhile,passengers on the platform or trains can also see the activities in the construction through the glass curtain.In other words, it is designed as a window to showcase the new local culture in Chino.

After being chosen as the designer in the open bidding in 2001, we held numerous workshops with the citizen members of the "Fundamental Plan Formation Committee" and related officials of Chino City, jointly putting our efforts into creating the architectural vision for the future. After 5 years of work and collaboration with the citizens, the cultural complex was fully opened to the public on October 1, 2005. In all the spaces including the two halls, the art museum, the lobby, the workshop, and the atrium, various activities that were schemed by citizens themselves were held at the same time.And a 2-day-long "birthday celebration for Chino Cultural Complex" was successfully held amid the special multiplication effect and vitality of a complex construction. The very first show of the multi-hall is a birthday celebration concert performed by players who come from Chino and are active in the world.Then the multi-hall was completely changed into full fl at for a club event hosted by a popular DJ who also comes from Chino and lives in New York now.With the colourful spatial constituents from the changeable hall, people are able to communicate with each other no matter what gender or age they are, which implies limitless using possibilities of Chino Cultural Complex in the future.□

12-14 立面/Elevations

15 从活动空间看向门厅/View from the event space to the lobby

评论

马英：茅野市民馆作为具有多功能厅、音乐厅、美术馆和图书室的综合性文化设施，总体布局在解决自身功能性问题的同时，突出考虑与临近JR茅野中央本线的关系。市民馆自身建筑形象并不追求形式的独特性与异质性，简洁的平面、精细的立面、可变的空间、机动的设施等体现了市民馆的高效性与易读性。建筑单体作为JR中央本线的有机组成部分，与车站、购物中心、酒店等周边设施快捷相连，形成了具有典型日本TOD交通枢纽发展模式的城市综合体，体现了综合性、通过性、人性化的重要特质。这里不仅承载着人们多样化的物质消费，更是承载精神文化消费的城市集聚场所。

16 门厅内景/Interior view, lobby

市川纮司：搭电车从JR茅野站下车，然后上到二层从验票闸机出去，立刻就是这座建筑的入口。进去后，是一间两侧为玻璃幕墙的明亮的图书馆，沿斜坡或台阶走下去，是巨大的开放式大厅和中庭，那里也可以通往市民美术馆或其他大厅……这些连续的空间体验非常舒服，我去参观的时候才刚刚竣工，却仿佛跟车站一起已经建了一段时间一样，很自然。从招标的开展到竣工后的管理、运营，以及建设过程中大量市民的参与和协助，都是十分重要的因素。招标中选出的设计者古谷诚章与市民们一起反复讨论，最后将之升华为精巧的建筑。日本从1990年代到现在，居民参与型公共建筑在不断增加，而这个项目应该可以说是其中比较早期的成功案例。

17 多功能厅/Multi-hall

项目信息/Credits and Data

主持建筑师/Principal Architect: 古谷诚章/Nobuaki Furuya主要功能/Main Use: 剧场、博物馆和图书馆/Theatre,museum and library

主要结构/Main Structure: 钢筋混凝土、混凝土、钢/Steel reinforced concrete, Reinforced concrete, Steel

基地面积/Site Area: 15,533.43m2

占地面积/Building Area: 6011.49m2

总建筑面积/Total Floor Area: 10,806.37m2

层数/Number of Floors: 地下1层，地上3层/1 basement floor, 3 floors aboveground

设计时间/Design Period: 2002.03-2003.01

施工时间/Construction: 2003.07-2005.03

摄影/Photos: 浅川敏/Satoshi Asakawa

18 音乐厅/Concert hall

Comments

MA Ying: Chino Cultural Complex is a comprehensive cultural facility containing a multi-function hall, a concert hall, a museum, and a library. When addressing the functional problems in its general layout, the highlight is put on its relationship between the nearby JR Chuo Main Line. Instead of pursuing for unique and heterogeneous architectural image, the plain plane, refined façade,changeable space, and mobile facilities all reflect the highefficiency and easy-readable of the project. As an organic composing part of JR Chuo Main Line, the building realises a convenient connection to the railway station,the shopping centre, the hotel, and other surrounding facilities, forming an urban complex with typical characteristics of Japanese TOD transport hub that stresses comprehensiveness, trafficability, and humanoriented. It is an urban gathering site bearing people's consumption activities, both in diversified material forms and in spiritual and cultural form.

Ichikawa Koji: Arriving from JR Chino station and exiting from the second floor, you are immediately standing in front of this building. You enter though the well-lit, glass-walled library, descend via the stairs or the ramp, and find yourself in a huge open-plan lobby and the centre courtyard. From here you can enter the Chino City Art Museum and the other rooms. This central connection makes the building very pleasant and easy to navigate. Construction of the building had just fi nished when I went to visit for the first time, but it felt as though it had been standing next to the station since the beginning. The relationship between the Chino Cultural Complex and its surroundings feels organic and natural.The citizens of Chino were very much engaged with this project; They helped in the planning, management and implementation of the construction work. The architect Nobuaki Furuya had many discussions with the locals, and this elegant building was the fruit of their cooperative efforts. Since the 1990s, ordinary Japanese people have become more and more involved in the construction projects of big public buildings. Chino Cultural Complex is a very positive early example of this kind of public project.(Translated by ZHANG Xin)