乌得勒支中央火车站，乌得勒支，荷兰

建筑设计：本特姆-克劳韦尔建筑师事务所

荷兰最大、最繁忙的火车站正式启用了。乌得勒支中央火车站原先是为每年约3500万乘客建造的。目前火车站每年有8800万人。这个数字还在不断增长，预计到2030年乘客数将达到一亿。2003年以来，本特姆-克劳韦尔建筑师事务所一直在参与这座火车站的发展建设。13年后，这座将火车、公共汽车和有轨电车站台集于一个起伏屋顶之下的新公共交通枢纽终于启用了。

一体化车站综合体

20年后，乌得勒支中央火车站的乘客数将增长到每年约一亿人。由于之前的建筑无法满足不断增长的乘客数，乌得勒支中央火车站的重建势在必行。它的面积将扩大到原来的三倍，成为新的一体化车站综合体，统筹调度火车、有轨电车和公共汽车的运行。这座车站已经成为一座自治的建筑，并且在面向会议中心和面向市区的两个入口处分别设有新的城市广场。在2017年，面向市区的广场将建成世界上最大的自行车库，可以容纳12,500辆自行车。

起伏的屋顶

在设计阶段，扬·本特姆和梅尔斯·克劳韦尔提出了设计思路，将乌得勒支中央火车站原来的平屋顶改为一道波浪，既展现富有韵律的动感，又是天然的指路标。这道波浪沿着大厅的纵向横跨铁轨，并指明了出入口。这道波浪有三股“起伏”：火车站上方最高，有轨电车和公交车站的两侧较低。这些起伏也体现着车站功能的逻辑分布。为了给车站提供更多的自然光而设计了玻璃天窗，同时也是排烟口。天花板上连续的LED灯突出了起伏的动感。由于钢屋顶有着生动的波浪造型，虽然建筑高度较低（18m），车站在周围的建筑和办公楼中也可以很醒目。

活力四射的车站

车站一侧设有一条横跨轨道的公共步行街，过路的人无需使用“乘车芯片卡”就可以从西走到东。餐厅、商店和将来可能出现的市场使步行街宛如城市中的街道。巨大的玻璃幕墙悬挂在车站235m长、85m宽的屋顶下，人们可以借此一览火车、铁轨和开阔的城市景观。车站的室内空间有一种内敛、谦和的魅力：是人、标识、运载和其他新增设施让这座车站活力四射、缤纷绚烂。□（尚晋 译）

1 夜景/Night view

2 鸟瞰/Aerial view

The largest and busiest train station in the Netherlands is officially open. Utrecht Central Station was once built for approximately 35 million passengers per year. Currently 88 million people use the station annually. This number is constantly increasing and is expected to reach one hundred million passengers in 2030. Benthem Crouwel Architects has been involved in the development of the train station since 2003. Thirteen years later, the new public transport terminal that will house train,bus and tram platforms under one undulating roof,has opened.

One integral station complex

Over the next two decades, the number of travelers to Utrecht Central Station will grow to about a hundred million per year. Since the previous building could not handle the increasing amounts of passengers, Utrecht Central Station has been rebuilt - three times its original size - to one new integrated station complex, which regulates the transport of train, tram and bus. The station has become an autonomous building with two new city squares on both entrances, the side of the Jaarbeurs (convention centre) and the city side. In 2017, under the square on the city side, the largest bicycle parking facility in the world will be finished,accommodating 12,500 bicycles.

Undulation

During the design phase Jan Benthem and Mels Crouwel had the idea to design the original flat roof of Utrecht Central Station as a wave that radiates a dynamic movement and also functions as a natural way finder. Transverse to the tracks, in the longitudinal direction of the hall, the wave refers to the entrances and exits.The wave has three 'undulations': the highest above the train station, the lower ones on each side contain the tram and bus stations. The waves also represent the logical distribution of functions in the station. To receive more natural daylight in the terminal, glass skylights were designed, which also function as smoke hatches.The undulating movement is emphasised by the continuous LED lights on the ceiling. Thanks to the significant wavy shape of the steel roof -and a relative low-rise building (18 metres high)- the station is clearly recognizable among the neighbouring buildings and offices.

Lively station

Located on one side of the station, there is a station promenade, a public street, which crosses the railroad tracks. Now a passer-by is able to move from west to east without having to use a "chip card". Restaurants, shops, and a possible market gives this promenade the atmosphere of a real city street. Through large glass walls, serving as curtains hanging from the roof of 235 by 85 metres, the stations offers all kinds of stunning lookouts, to trains, tracks and expansive views of the city. The interior has a reserved allure and modest charm:it is the people, signage, vehicles and other typical additions that make the station alive and vibrant,and give colour and ambiance.□

3-5 外景/Exterior views

7 大厅层平面/Hall fl oor plan

8 屋顶平面/Roof plan

11-13 剖面/Sections

项目信息/Credits and Data

客户/Client: 基础设施与环境部，荷兰铁路基础设施管理公司，乌得勒支地区管理委员会，荷兰铁路客运公司，乌得勒支市政府/Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment (Ministerie IenM), ProRail, Bestuur Regio Utrecht, NS (Nederlandse Spoorwegen/Dutch Railways),Municipality of Utrecht

主持建筑师/Principal Architects: Jan Benthem, Mels Crouwel项目团队/Project Team: Jan Benthem, Mels Crouwel,Anja Blechen, Amir Farokhian, Paul van Ginkel, Marcel de Goede, Bregje de Groot, Angelique Haver, Roderik van der Meulen, Rogier Putter, Pieter Rijpstra, Pieter van Rooij,Henk van Rossum, Job Schroën, Florentijn Vleugels, Joep Windhausen

功能/Function: 火车、公共汽车、有轨电车、商业空间；8条铁道（每天1500班列车），两个公共汽车站台（每天3000车次），一座有轨电车站台（2018年启用）/Train, bus, tram, commercial spaces; 8 train tracks (1500 trains per day), 2 bus platforms (3000 buses per day), 1 tram platform (from 2018)

设计开始时间/Start Design: 2003

施工开始时间/Start Construction: 2010

项目管理/Project Management: Movares consultants &engineers

承建商/Contractor: Besix Nederland Branch

建筑面积/Floor Area: 25,000m2（加建之前/before new construction: 8,000m2）

2016年日乘客流量/Passengers per day in 2016: 200,000

2030年预计日乘客流量/Passenger per day in 2030: 360,000摄影/Photos: Jannes Linders, Irvin van Hemert

图纸/Drawings: Benthem Crouwel Architects

评论

王睦：乌德勒支中央车站的改造，致力于在车站地区于1960年代已建成的一个包含商业、办公、居住、文化和体育设施等功能在内的车站综合体的基础上，更好地解决车站和城市之间的关系。主要任务是：（1）弥合该地区与城市间在城市肌理上的明显裂痕；（2）重新进行功能布局，提升公共空间的品质，激发车站地区和城市的活力；（3）降低居民出行对小汽车的依赖。本次改造，目标已经达到，并使得车站规模是原来的3倍，集火车、汽车和有轨电车等交通系统于一体。车站的设计特点是：候车室、餐厅、商店及其他设施，均被置于由玻璃幕墙和一整块银白色钢制屋顶所组成的空间内。屋顶呈起伏波浪状，屋顶下沿着“波动”的方向，密布了连续的LED灯；屋顶表面撑开了数扇玻璃天窗。同内部功能逻辑一致的屋顶起伏给城市增添了柔和活跃的气息。

夏海山：交通建筑对于城市空间可以有很强的催化作用，像传统教堂广场那样，激发城市活力。交通枢纽如何成为鲜活的城市空间？荷兰建筑师用他们的理解给出了一个解答。轨道对城市空间造成的物理割裂通过车站平台长廊得到缝补，并将多种城市功能、运输枢纽与老城中心连接起来，组织多种交通的换乘空间逻辑清晰，火车、有轨电车及公交做到同厅换乘。采用智能化管理的自行车集中换乘值得提倡。从波浪屋顶与透明玻璃墙到轻松的大厅空间，交通建筑本身也表达了荷兰人精巧与浪漫的生活态度。

Comments

WANG Mu: The renovation of Utrecht Central Station aimed at a better connection the station with the city on the basis of the original station complex consisting of commercial, working, residential, cultural, and sports facilities and other functions built in the 1960s in the station area. The main tasks are: (1) to bridge the obvious crack in urban texture between this area and the city; (2) to rearrange the functional layout, enhance the quality of public space, and stimulate the vitality of the station area and the city; (3) to reduce the dependence of citizen transport on vehicles. The goals had been achieved through this renovation, and the size of the station became 3 times as the one before,with different transportation systems integrated together including trains, cars and trams. The main design feature of the station is that the waiting rooms,restaurants, shops and other facilities are all placed in the space made up of glass curtain walls and a whole silver white steel roof. The corrugated roof is set along the "fluctuating" direction, and continuous LED lights are densely arranged under the roof; several glass skylights are opened on the roof surface. The waves of the roof, in line with the internal functional logic,add a kind of soft and active atmosphere to the city.(Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)

XIA Haishan: Transportation terminal buildings can serve a strong catalytic function for urban space. Like traditional church squares, they have a stimulating effect on the energy of a city. How can a transportation centre become a vibrant urban space? In the case of Utrecht Central Station, Dutch architects are presenting their solution. The physical separation of the urban space caused by the rail tracks is cancelled out by the platform promenade, which links up the separated parts. The station building connects a variety of urban functions, transit hubs and the centre of the old city,and integrates different kinds of public transportation with clear logic – passengers can easily change between trains, trams and buses in the same terminal. The smart parking and transit system for cyclists is worthy of special praise. The undulating roof, the transparent glass walls, as well as the relaxing lobby space all express the excellent craftsmanship and romantic character of the Dutch people.(Translated by ZHANG Xin)

14-16 内景/Interior views