上海虹桥综合交通枢纽，上海，中国

建筑设计：华建集团华东建筑设计研究总院等

上海虹桥综合交通枢纽是世界上规模最大、功能最为复杂的空陆一体化交通大枢纽之一。

虹桥综合交通枢纽规模宏大，日旅客吞吐量达110万人次，核心区建筑综合体东西长1km，南北宽约220m，由虹桥机场T2航站楼、磁浮虹桥站、京沪高铁上海虹桥站及东西两大交通换乘广场组成。虹桥枢纽集成度非常高，它集民用航空、高速铁路、城际铁路、高速公路、磁浮、地铁、地面公交、出租车等功能于一体，开创了多种交通方式之间无缝衔接的先例，实现了跨区域、大范围人流物流的快速集散，大大提高了交通运营的整体效率，是一座世界级现代化交通枢纽。

社会可持续发展的需要

虹桥综合交通枢纽的建设集中了各类先进的交通模式，也集中了与之相关的配套服务设施，实现了土地资源的集约化、综合配套的集约化、城市环境资源的集约化。如果三大设施分散建设，会带来很大的问题，不仅土地使用和动拆迁量远大于集中建设；市政设施也需多次配套，工程量大；而且三大设施将会给环境资源带来较大的长期影响。但1+1+1要远远小于3的影响。对于一个高密度城市交通建设来说，设施高度集成，不仅节地、节能效果明显，彼此换乘量也可集中在一个交通综合体中解决，消除了原本彼此间分散建设所带来的市内交通量，对改善城市环境做出了贡献，是社会可持续发展的必然需要。

国家长三角一体化发展战略的需要

通中心、磁悬浮、京沪高铁、西交通中心。垂直方向上，分为五大层面：12m为出发层；6m为到达换乘层；0m为到达层；-9.5m为到达换乘通道及地铁站厅层；-16.5m层为地铁轨道及站台层。其中，12m、6m和-9.5m为枢纽三大重要换乘通道。

虹桥枢纽确立了枢纽“功能性即标志性”的设计宗旨，突出便捷换乘、高效中转、公交优先的设计理念。枢纽分区明确，道路系统做到同向进出、单向循环，实现快慢分离。各设施模块间实现水平贴临、垂直叠合、无缝衔接，为各种换乘方式提供最大程度的便捷。

注重“以人为本人性化设计”的理念

虹桥综合交通枢纽位于沪杭、沪宁、沪青平三条交通轴进入市区的枢纽空间节点，是联结长三角的门户型枢纽地区。枢纽的建成和投入使用，使长三角地区间拥有快捷、多元化的联系途径，从而缩短长三角经济圈的空间距离，使地区经济联系更加紧密，达到“以区域交通一体化，促进区域经济一体化”的目的，为长三角的经济繁荣和结构优化提供有力支撑。

上海城市发展的需要

虹桥枢纽既是2010年上海世博会的重要配套项目，也是上海继“大浦东”之后“大虹桥”发展战略的重要引擎。地处虹桥商务核心区的虹桥枢纽犹如入水之石，激活了原本平静的虹桥地区。随着枢纽的建成和投入使用，带动了上海西部的经济发展。未来，虹桥商务区将形成以总部经济为核心，以高端商务商贸和现代物流为重点，以会展、商业等为特色，其他配套服务业协调发展的产业格局。虽然虹桥枢纽是一个具体的项目，但由于它所处的优越而关键的地理位置，加之强大的枢纽交通辐射和带动效应，它的建设和周边开发，已经并将对上海城市空间发展结构产生深远影响。

虹桥枢纽整体造型简洁平和，室内则延续了交通建筑快捷、便利的性格特点，并通过多种交通模式的高度集约，实现了土地资源、综合配套设施以及城市环境资源的集约化，实现节地的高效率。

虹桥综合交通枢纽设计从方便旅客出行，充分考虑旅客需求出发，注重人性关怀。通过空间的精心设计使得空间本身更具可读性，强化旅客导向；标识导向系统设计做了充分研究和论证，在各个节点以地图、问询、显示屏等形式建立一套完整的信息系统，突出枢纽方向的辨识度；室内设计中，利用绿化、小品等细节处理创造温馨的室内环境；建筑基色采用了和谐淡雅的主色调，给人以亲切明快的感受，并使导向标识色彩更突出，便于视觉认知，增强旅客印象。

秉持“节能环保绿色设计”的理念

遵循“功能性即标志性”的理念

大型公共建筑创新设计回归建筑基本出发点——强调功能、流线的合理安排。通过“水平无缝衔接，垂直上下叠合”、“三大层面、六条通道、多出入口、多车道边”、“五条轨道交通四个方向进入枢纽”以及“线路巴士、长途巴士等大载客率的公交公具门前内侧车道边上下客”的建筑格局，巧妙地将每日110万人次旅客在“轨、路、空”等不同交通方式之间用64种可能连接，56种换乘模式的流线进行整合设计，从而满足旅客换乘的便捷和效率。

枢纽由东至西分别为虹桥机场西航站楼、东交

虹桥枢纽节能、生态、环保的绿色理念在设计过程中得到了充分实践，设计师们通过多种交通模式的高度集约，实现了土地资源、综合配套设施以及城市环境资源的集约化，最终达到节地的高效率；绿色环保建筑重点关注的自然通风、自然采光、光伏发电、空调冷水直供系统、雨水回用系统等新技术在本工程中得到广泛的应用，大大降低建筑能耗，实现了预期节能目标；航站楼西立面基本不开窗，采用混凝土墙面及下沉式停车库的节能设计使得绿色建筑的先进理念得以充分体现，取得了很好的节能减排效果。结构构件外露不做装饰以作为建筑元素表达以及室内多用清水混凝土材料的设计手法既节省了建材，又创造了材料的质感美。□

2 鸟瞰/Aerial view

3 剖面/Section

1-办票大厅/Check-in hall

2-航站楼与东交通中心联系通道/Channel between terminal and east ground transportation centre

3-东交通中心换乘中庭/Transfer atrium in east ground transportation centre 4-东交通中心/East ground transportation centre

5-磁悬浮车站/Maglev rail station

6-磁悬浮车站与高铁站联系通道/Channel between maglev rail station and high-speed rail station

7-磁悬浮出站夹层/Maglev rail exit mezzanine

8-东交通中心6m换乘中心/6m transfer centre of east ground transportation centre

9-无行李通道/No luggage channel

10-磁悬浮站台层/Maglev rail platform fl oor

11-到达车道边/Curbside platform of arrival

12-行李提取大厅/Luggage claim hall

13-轨道交通站厅层/Railway hall fl oor

14-轨道交通站台层/Railway platform fl oor

Shanghai Hongqiao Transportation Hub (HTH)is currently the largest air-land integral transportation hub with the most complex functions that is an engineering masterpiece completely made by China.

In a huge size and with a daily passenger throughput volume of 1.1 million, HTH is composed of No. 2 Terminal of Hongqiao Airport, Hongqiao Station of Maglev Railway, Hongqiao Station of Beijing-Shanghai High Speed Rail, and a transfer square for eastbound and westbound transport systems, and the core construction complex is 1 km long from east to west and 220 m wide from south to north. Highly integrated, HTH integrates functions including civil airline, high-speed rail, inter-city rail, high-speed way,maglev rail, sub-way, ground public transport, taxi, etc.It sets an example for the seamless connection between multiple transportation means and realises the rapid gathering and distribution of passengers and goods that crosses regions in large scales. It effectively promotes the general efficiency of transportation operation and is regarded as the one and only world-class modern transportation hub.

Demand of sustainable social development

HTH integrates not only various advanced transportation modes, but also diversif i ed supporting service facilities, which realises the intensification of land resource, supporting facilities, and urban environmental resource. Tremendous problems would be caused if the three primary transport facilities were constructed in separation: not only the volumes of land use and removal and relocation would be far larger than integrated construction, but also related infrastructures would need to be constructed repeatedly, leading up to huge engineering volume,what's more, separated construction of the three transport facilities would produce tremendous longterm influence to the environmental resource. In comparison, the influence of 1+1+1 is far less than 3. To the transportation construction of a highdensity city, high degree of integration not only can save land and energy, but also can improve the urban environment because the volume of the connection between transportation means is digested within one transportation complex, which eliminates the traffic amount within the city if constructed in separation.In this sense, it can be considered as a necessary demand of sustainable social development.

Demand of national integrated development strategy of Yangtze River Delta Region

Located at the spatial hub node, where the three transportation axes, i.e., Shanghai-Hangzhou,Shanghai-Nanjing, and Shanghai-Qingpu-Pingwang,go to the city area of Shanghai, the area of HTH is the gate hub area of Yangtze River Delta Region.The construction and using of the hub provides the Yangtze River Delta Region with convenient and diversified connection means. As a result, the spatial distance within Yangtze River Delta Region is curtailed, and the regional economic connection is tighter, so as to achieve the goal of "promoting regional economic integration with regional transportation integration," and provide powerful support to the economic prosperity and structural optimisation of Yangtze River Delta Region.

Demand of city development of Shanghai

HTH is an important supporting facility to 2010 Shanghai Expo, and also an important engine to the "Grand Hongqiao" development strategy after "Grand Pudong" of Shanghai. Hongqiao Hub,at the Hongqiao business core area, vitalises the formerly quiet Hongqiao area like a rock thrown into the water. The establishment and use of the hub drives the economic development in western Shanghai. In the future, an industrial pattern that is centred at headquarter economy, highlighted by high-end business and commerce and modern logistics, featured by exhibits and commerce, and collaborated by other supporting services, is formed in Hongqiao area. Though being one specif i c project,the construction of HTH and development of its surrounding area, due to its outstanding and vital geographic location and its remarkable radiation and driving effect as a transportation hub, has produced tremendous inf l uences on the development of urban structure of Shanghai.

Follow the idea of "with functions as its signature"

The innovative design of large-size public construction returns to the basic point of architecture:stressing the reasonable arrangement of functions and the flow line. Through an architectural structure highlighted by "seamless horizontal connection, vertical overlapping," "three primary levels, six channels,multiple entrances and exits, and multiple vehicle path sides," "entering the hub via five rails from four directions," and "passengers getting on and off the large passenger transport vehicles like line bus and longdistance bus at the inner side of the vehicle path and in front of the hub gates," the design masterly provides 64 connection possibilities for 1.1 million people time daily passengers to transfer between different transportation means including "rail, road, and airline", and integrates the flow lines for 56 transfer patterns, making it convenient and efficient for passengers' transfer.

The hub is divided into Hongqiao Airport terminal, east transportation centre, maglev rail, Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail, and west transportation centre from the east to the west. At the vertical direction, the hub is divided into five levels:the 12 m is the departing floor; the 6 m is the arrival transfer floor; the 0 m is the arrival floor; -9.5 m is the arrival transfer channel and the subway station floor;and the -16.5 m is the subway rail and station floor,among which the 12 m, 6 m and -9.5 m floors are the three primary transfer channels of the hub.

With "functions as its signature" as the design principle, the design of HTH highlights the convenient transfer, high-efficiency transit, and giving priority to public transport. The hub is clearly divided into different zones, and the road system is featured by same-direction in and out and unidirectional circulation, so as to realise separation between rapid and slow transportation.By the horizontal adjacent, vertical overlapping, and seamless connection of various facility modules, the design realises the maximum convenience for transfer among different transport means.

Stress the idea of "human-oriented design"

The general architectural form of HTH is plain and gentle, and the interior design, as the other transportation constructions, is characterised by convenience and high speed moving. In addition,through the high-degree integration of various transportation modes, it realises the intensified use of land resource, comprehensive supporting facilities, and urban environmental resources, so as to realise a high-efficiency land saving.

The design of HTH is oriented at passengers'convenience and gives full consideration to their demands, showing designers' humanistic concerns.By an elaborate spatial design, the architectural space itself is more readable and the guidance to passengers is highlighted; after fully studying and analyzing the design of the guiding sign system,a whole information system is established at each node in forms of map, inquiry, display screen,etc., which highlights the direction identification degree in the hub; in the interior design, details like greening and sketches are emphasised to enhance the characteristics of a pleasant interior atmosphere;and the basic architectural colour is elegant and harmonious, giving people an amiable and pleasant feeling, moreover, the colour of guiding signs is thus more outstanding for visual recognition so as to impress passengers.

Adhering to the concept of "energy-saving,environment-friendly, and green design"

The green design concept of being energysaving, ecological, and environment-friendly is fully practiced in the process of design. Through the high degree integration of various transportation modes, the designers realise an intensified use of land, comprehensive supporting facilities, and urban environment resources, which in turn achieves a high efficiency of land saving; the new technologies that green and environment-friendly architecture emphasises such as natural ventilation, natural lighting,photovoltaic power generation, supply system of cold water of air conditioning, reuse system of rain water,etc., are widely applied in the project, reducing the energy consumption of the construction to a remarkable degree and realise the expected energy saving goal; with almost no widows opened on the west façade of the airport terminal, an energy-saving design composed of concrete wall and sunken garage was applied, which fully reflects the advanced green architectural design and achieves satisfying energy saving and emission reduction result. Moreover, the method of exposing the structural components without decoration and using it as an architectural expression with bare concrete applied in the interior not only save construction materials, but also create a sense of texture.□

项目信息/Credits and Data

总体协调单位/General Design Coordination: 华建集团华东建筑设计研究总院/East China Architectural Design Institute建设单位/Constructors: 上海机场（集团）有限公司，申虹公司，申虹磁浮公司，铁道部/Shanghai Airport Authority, Shanghai Rainbow Investment Corp, Maglev Transportation Co.Ltd., Ministry of Railways

设计单位/Design Team:华建集团华东建筑设计研究总院（T2航站楼，东交通广场，磁浮虹桥站，轨道交通东站，能源中心一、二，旅客过夜用房，航空业务管理楼），上海市隧道工程轨道交通设计研究院（轨道交通东站），铁道第三勘察设计院集团有限公司（高铁虹桥站，轨道交通西站），现代建筑设计集团现代建设咨询有限公司（高铁虹桥站），上海市政工程设计研究总院（集团）有限公司（西交通广场）/East China Architectural Design

Institute (Hongqiao Terminal 2, East Transportation Centre,Hongqiao Maglev Station, East Railway Station, Energy Centre 1&2, Hotel, Office Building), Shanghai Tunnel Engineering Rail Transit Design and Research Institute (East Railway Station), China Railway Design Corporation (Hongqiao Railway Station, West Railway Station), Shanghai Xian Dai Architecture(Hongqiao Railway Station), Engineering & Consulting Co.,Ltd., Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group)Co. Ltd.(West Transportation Centre)

西航站楼及东交通中心项目设计团队/Design Team of West Terminal and East East Transportation Centre: 郭建祥、高文艳、郭炜、赵伟樑、夏崴、付小飞、黎岩、纪晨、张宏波、谢曦等/GUO Jianxiang, GAO Wenyan, GUO Wei, ZHAO Weiliang, XIA Wai, FU Xiaofei, LI Yan, JI Chen,ZHANG Hongbo, XIE Xi, etal.

总建筑面积/Gross Floor Area: 142万m2

虹桥T2航站楼/Hongqiao Terminal 2: 36.4万m2

东交通中心/East Transportation Centre: 30.8万m2

磁悬浮虹桥站/Hongqiao Maglev Station: 16.6万m2

高铁虹桥站/Hongqiao Railway Station: 28.9万m2

西交通中心/East Transportation Centre: 17.4万m2

建筑高度/Building Height: 45m

建筑层数/Number of floors: 地下2层，地上8层（含商业开发层）/Two stories underground，eight stories aboveground (commercial development included)

设计施工时间/Design and Construction Period: 2005-2010摄影/Photos: 华建集团华东建筑设计研究总院/East China Architectural Design Institute

评论

王江燕：上海是中国的特大城市之一，也是长三角城市群的核心城市。经济繁荣，对内对外交流频繁，商务和旅游出行的人流量具大。陆空多种交通方式的便捷换乘需求，以及虹桥枢纽地区城市改造的历史机遇被充分认识，上海规划设计并实施了迄今世界上规模最大、功能最为复杂的空陆一体化交通大枢纽。虹桥综合交通枢纽日旅客吞吐量达110万人次，由虹桥机场T2航站楼、磁浮虹桥站、京沪高铁上海虹桥站及东西两大交通换乘广场组成，集民用航空、高速铁路、城际铁路、高速公路、磁浮、地铁、地面公交、出租车等功能于一体，开创了多种交通方式之间无缝衔接的先例，实现了跨区域、大范围人流物流的快速集散，大大提高了交通运营的整体效率和便捷性和人性化服务，是一项由多个中国工程设计院和施工单位协力完全的工程杰作和目前独一无二的世界级现代化交通枢纽。对社会可持续发展、长三角经济一体化做出了巨大贡献。虹桥枢纽建筑设计以功能为导向，简洁大气，线条流畅；同时，采用了多项节能环保设计，是优秀交通建筑的典范。

夏海山：从城市来看，综合交通枢纽的集约与高效，是超大城市良好运转的重要保证，上海虹桥在枢纽对于城市价值上做了很好的探索，是值得好好研究的。从建筑来看，虹桥枢纽作为城市大门，庞大的建筑群难有视觉的全貌印象，更多的是内部空间体验，机场艺术长廊、地下停车场卡通标识等，能够让人在复杂的枢纽空间中感受到存在和移动的愉悦。从交通来看，可以说诠释了易经中“天地交而万物通”（航空–轨道的无缝对接）、“上下交其志同也”（人、车、物的竖向组合）的交通内涵，呈现“交融通达”的枢纽本质。

8 西航站楼出发办票大厅的中央天窗和连桥/The central skylight and bridge in west terminal departure check-in hall

9-11 中庭/Atrium

Comments

WANG Jiangyan: Shanghai is one of the megalopolises in China, and also the core city of the Yangtze River Delta city group. With its prosperous economy and frequent domestic and international exchanges, the travel demand is huge. The need of easy transfer between a variety of surface and air transportation,and the historical opportunity of Hongqiao hub area renovation was fully aware of. Shanghai planned,designed and implemented the integrated land-air transportation hub that has the largest scale and most complex function in the world so far.

Hongqiao integrated transportation hub has a passenger flow of 1.1 million daily. It consists of Hongqiao Airport Terminal T2, Hongqiao Maglev Station,Beijing-Shanghai Highspeed Railway Shanghai Hongqiao Station, and two transfer plazas on the east and west,and integrates functions including civil aviation, highspeed railway, intercity railway, highway, maglev, subway bus, and taxi in one. It created a precedent of seamless connection between the various modes of transportation,and achieved rapid cargo and people distribution across regions in a wide area, greatly improving the overall efficiency, convenience, and people-oriented. It's an engineering masterpiece completed together by several Chinese engineering design institute and construction companies, and a highly recognised transport hub in the world. It has made great contributions to the sustainable development of the society and the economic integration of the Yangtze River Delta.

The architectural design of Hongqiao hub is functionoriented, concise, and magnificent, with streamline appearance. Meanwhile, many energy saving and environmental protecting designs are adopted. It is a good example for excellent transportation buildings. (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)

XIA Haishan: From an urban planning perspective,the efficient integration of a comprehensive transit hub is an important requirement for the successful operation of megacities. Shanghai Hongqiao is a good example for the value provided by such a transportation hub to a very large city, and is therefore worthy of a thorough study. The Hongqiao hub serves as the gateway to the city. Because of its large scale, it is difficult to establish an overall visual impression of this huge building complex. However, a lot of attention has been paid to optimising the experience of the interior space. For example, the airport art gallery and the cartoon logo design for the underground parking help to make the experience of moving around in this complicated space more pleasant. Of course,good traffic connectivity is the essence of a transport communication system. The oldest of the Chinese classics, The I-Ching, states: "When heaven and earth unite in deep harmony, peace and blessing descend upon all living things". This project reflects this ancient philosophy, by integrating airport and railway terminals in the same complex. Within the complex,the transportation of passengers, vehicles and cargo are divided into separate vertical layers. It is a wellconnected transit hub which serves different needs simultaneously. (Translated by ZHANG Xin)