“警告”“查找”“失败”了“要求”“处理”应“注意”②

广东 林为农

□用法点拨

warn

warn是动词,意为“警告；告诫；提醒”,常见用法如下：

1.warn sb.of sth.提醒某人注意某事。例如：

Her parents have already warned her of her homework.她的父母已告诫她注意她的家庭作业。

2.warn sb.(not)to do sth.警告某人(不要)做某事。例如：

The teacher warns the kids not to go out alone at night.老师告诫孩子们晚上不要独自外出。

3.warn sb.+that从句 警告某人……例如：

The policeman warned him that it was dangerous to drive so fast.警察警告他车开那么快很危险。

【真题回放】

To keep children away from danger,we warn parents_______children at home alone.【孝感市中考题】

A.leave B.to leave

C.not leave D.not to leave

【答案与解析】D 考查warn的用法。warn sb.to do sth.意为“警告某人做某事”,根据语境及常识可知本句的意思应为“为了使孩子们远离危险,我们警告家长不要把孩子们单独留在家里”,此处应用否定结构,即warn sb.not to do sth.,意为“警告某人不要做某事”。

look up

look up意为“(在词典、参考书中)查找；查阅”,其后可接名词或代词作宾语,接名词时,名词可置于短语后,也可置于短语之间；接代词时,代词必须置于短语之间。例如：

May I use your dictionary to look up a few words？=May I use your dictionary to look a few words up？ 我可以用你的词典查找几个词吗？

If you don't know the meaning of the word,you can look it up in the dictionary.如果你不知道这个词的意思,可以在词典中查找。

【真题回放】

You can_______the word in the dictionary if you don't know it.【青岛市中考题】

A.give away B.cut off

C.take after D.look up

【答案与解析】D 考查动词短语辨析。give away赠送；cut off切除；take after相像；look up查找。句意：如果你不知道这个词,你可以在词典中查找它。

fail

fail作为动词,意思是“失败；不及格”,常见用法如下：

1.fail(in)(在某方面)失败；(考试)不及格。例如：

His uncle failed in business again.他叔叔的生意又失败了。

The little boy failed (in)this math test.那个小男孩这次数学考试没及格。

2.fail to do sth.未能做成某事。例如：

I failed to catch the last bus yesterday.我昨天没有赶上最后一班公共汽车。

【真题回放】

If you don't work hard,you will probably_______the exam.【鸡西市中考题】

A.pass B.attend C.fail D.succeed

【答案与解析】C 考查动词词义辨析。pass通过；attend参加；fail不及格；succeed成功。根据条件状语从句的意思“如果你不努力学习”可推知主句的意思是“你可能考试不及格”。

request

request作为动词时,意为“要求；请求”,常见用法如下：

1.request sth.要求(请求)某事物。例如：

You have to request permission if you want to take any photos.如果你想拍照,需要申请准许。

2.request sb.to do sth.要求(请求)某人做某事。例如：

We requested him to leave here as soon as possible.我们要求他尽快离开这里。

3.request+that从句,从句中的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。例如：

I requested that he(should)come half an hour earlier.我请求他早半小时来。

【拓展】request也可作名词,意为“要求;请求”。例如：

It is very important to know how to make requests politely.知道如何礼貌地提出请求很重要。

【真题回放】

Our English teacher requested us_______the text for half an hour every day.【连云港市中考题】

A.reading B.to read

C.read D.to reading

【答案与解析】B 考查request的用法。request sb.to do sth.意为“要求某人做某事”,动词不定式作宾语补足语。

deal with

deal with意为“对付；应付”,强调处理的方式、方法,常与how连用。例如：

He has learned how to deal with all kinds of difficulties.他已经学会了如何应对各种困难。

【辨析】do with意为“处理；安置”,强调处理的对象,常与what连用。例如：

What did you do with those old newspapers？你是怎样处理那些旧报纸的？

【真题回放】

It took me almost a whole day to_______so many emails.【南京市中考题】

A.deal with B.cut in

C.cheer for D.run out

【答案与解析】A 考查短语辨析。deal with处理；cut in干预；cheer for为……喝彩；run out耗尽。 根据语境推测句意是“处理这么多电子邮件花费了我几乎一整天的时间”。故选A项。

pay attention to

pay attention to意为“注意；关注”,短语中的to是介词,其后要接名词、代词或动名词形式作宾语。例如：

Sorry,I didn't pay more attention to this problem.对不起,我没有太在意这个问题。

【真题回放】

—What did Helen say just now？

—Sorry,I didn't_______what she said.【十堰市中考题】

A.get on with B.pay attention to

C.look forward to D.take part in

【答案与解析】B 考查动词短语辨析。get on with与……相处；pay attention to注意；look forward to期待；take part in参加。题干上句询问的是“海伦刚才说什么了”,根据答句中的“sorry”可推知其意思是“对不起,我没有注意她说什么”。故选B项。

□尝试练习

Ⅰ.单项选择

1.Tom lost the ticket,so he failed_______the movie last night.

A.watching B.to watching

C.watch D.to watch

2.Teachers always warn the school kids_______with strangers on their way home.

A.to talk B.not talk

C.not to talk D.to not talk

3.—Mum,what does this word mean？

—Why don't you_______？ You have an English-Chinese dictionary,right？

A.look it up B.look up it

C.look them up D.look up them

Ⅱ.完成下列同义句或英语译句,每空一词

4.Totake a walk after dinner is necessary.

_______necessary______________a walk after dinner.

5.I don't know what to do with the matter.

I don't know_______to_______with the matter.

6.杨老师让我注意拼写。

Mr.Yang asked me to_____________________my spelling.

7.你练习得越多,进步就会越大。

______________you practice,______________progress you will make.

(答案见64页)