特雷胡斯的修复与复苏，瓦伦达斯，瑞士

2018-03-05建筑设计戈迪安布卢门塔尔拉蒙卡保罗

世界建筑 2018年2期

建筑设计：戈迪安·布卢门塔尔，拉蒙·卡保罗

Architects: Gordian Blumenthal, Ramun Capaul

两位建筑师相信建筑的力量，相信一座好的建筑影响社会的可能性。

在2007年，瓦伦达斯-因波斯基金会让建筑师们做一个研究，关于重建村落中央广场、村落核心周围的建筑能否重新激活瓦伦达斯村中心的可能性。其结果是，几位建筑师处理了有着特定功能的特定建筑：吉翁·卡米纳达将1517年的“Engihuus”改造成为一个餐厅与酒店综合体，尼克逊·瓦尔德将一座老学校改造成为一座博物馆，而布卢门塔尔和卡保罗将特雷胡斯改造成为一个供两个家庭使用的度假屋。

这座房子被建筑师瓦勒里欧·奥加提卖给了“历史建筑假日”基金会。基金会将历史建筑买下，维护它们并用做可被租用的度假屋。“特雷胡斯”空置了60多年，水透过屋顶滴下，雪也能从屋顶落下。复苏这座房子使用了最彻底的方式：建筑师们旨在尽可能多地保留老建筑的部分，就连水浸到房顶留下的痕迹他们都保留了。目标是，如果建筑师开始重做一面墙，他需要涉及到方方面面，并且使预算达到最低。所有时间的印记或多或少都还能看到。这背后是对手工艺和传统建筑技艺的巨大信任。比如，下层公寓的客厅，他们做了关于墙壁和天花颜色的历史研究。最后建筑师们决定保留所有面层，用亚麻籽油对颜色进行修复，并将其热压平整为接下来的几十年提供保障。

在外立面上，他们发现了跨越不同年代的碎片——从1485年到18世纪。他们决定只保留大一些的碎片，并以拼贴的形式展示所有的年代，以显示其深厚的历史。

而现在，我们可以在一段假期当中租下这些房子，以一种彻底的方式享受建筑的文化，同时还能享受我们所需的舒适度。（陈雨潇译）

1 有餐厅和"Am Brunnen"酒店的主广场，建筑师吉翁·卡米纳达设计，右后侧是特雷胡斯/Main square with the retaurant and hotel "Am Brunnen" by the architect Gion A.Caminada and the Türalihuus on the right side in the back.

2 有塔楼的西立面街景/Street view with staircase tower at the western facade.

3 仿制的圆窗，修补的痕迹清晰可见/Imitated oculus, traces of repaired spots are kept visible.

4 不同时期的建筑碎片：15世纪的山墙以及18世纪的窗户装饰/Fragments from different building phases:Gable painting from 15th century and window decoration from 18th century.

The architects believe in the power of architecture and the possibility to be able to influence society with a good building.

In 2007 the Foundation Valendas Impuls asked the architects to do a study about the possibility to reactivate the centre of the village of Valendas by remodelling the buildings around the core of the village around the central square. The result was, that several architects took care about specific buildings with specific functions: Gion A. Caminada remodelled the "Engihuus" dated 1517 to a restaurant and hotel complex, Nickisch Walder remodelled the old school to a museum and Blumenthal Capaul remodelled the Türalihuus to a holiday house for two families.

The house was sold by the architect Valerio Olgitai to the Foundation for Holidays in Historic Buildings, which buys historic houses to preserve them and use them as holiday houses, which one can rent. The "Türalihuus" stood empty for more than 60 years. Water was dripping through the roof and snow falling from the roof. The reawakening of the house was done in the most radical way: the aim of the architects was to keep as much as possible of the old building substance. Even marks caused by the water entering the roof they kept. The aim was,that if one started redoing one wall, one needed to touch everything and the budget was a minimal one.More or less all signs of time are still visible. Behind this there is an enormous trust in handcraft and traditional building techniques. For example in the living room of the lower apartment they researched about the history of the colours of the wall ceiling.Finally the architects decided to keep all layers and fixed the colour with linseed oil and ironed it to secure it for the next decades.

On the facade they found fragments from 1485 to the 18th century over different centuries.It was decided to keep only larger fragments and show all centuries as a collage to show there is a large history.

And now one can rent the houses for a period for holidays and enjoy building culture in a very radical way with all the comfort we ask today.

贾莲娜：这个位于街角的房子悠久而复杂，立面图上展现了从1485年－1775年之间的5个时期各自留下的痕迹。建筑师谨慎的动作、对氛围的敏感和对历史的情感保证了这个古老建筑在当下复活。墙体和楼板顽强地存活下来，改造最大的动作在于翻新屋顶。平面和剖面上的每一笔红色都拥有足够的分量，少量的新增墙体、设施、物件的置入仿佛是这个房子作为有机体被唤醒而新近长出的，耐人寻味。各房间的边界清晰而空间流动，楼梯的边界感和厚墙的窗口让人印象深刻，厨房和厕所也担当了交通空间。在这栋房子里，楼梯和烟囱是决定性的存在，依然发挥着最初的作用——保证人的上下流动和气的上下流动，而其他功能房间围绕它们展开，随时代而变。对这个历史建筑翻新的解读给了我们一个时间上的纵深视角，它启发我们审视当下习以为常的建筑观。

郭廖辉：修复的动作在改造之前，建筑师和文物工作者共同决定了保留和重新粉刷的部分，移除了20世纪的粉刷，重现了5个时期的立面残片。新的改造动作大部分以家具的形式出现，新的东西并没有完全臣服于既有的空间的氛围，而是谨慎地和老建筑协调。从门窗到灶台到挂衣钩，精确的、几何的、小尺度的新建部分和粗糙的、模糊的老建筑部分互相呈现。房间的功能改变和新加的浴室和厨房，必然使得老建筑在设备和气候边界的处理上面对巨大的挑战，即使窗框的尺寸改变也会影响到整个空间的关系，这部分不易察觉的工作更加值得肯定。

5 特雷胡斯平面图，项目靠近主广场，位于村落的中心/Site plan with Türalihuus in the heart of the village close to the main square.

6 有砖木火炉的客厅/Living room with a brick wood stove

7 在底层公寓的木隔板上可以看到明显的修复痕迹/View towards the alcove with visible signs of reparations on the wood paneling in the lower apartment.

8 粉刷成白色的楼梯塔/View to whitewashed stair tower

9 上层公寓的“绿色”餐厅/The "green" dining room in the upper appartment

Comments

JIA Lian'na: This house at the corner of the street is old aged and complicated. The elevation drawings indicate the traces left during five phases from 1485 to 1775. The cautious treatments of the architects, sensitivity towards the atmosphere, affections towards history, enabled this ancient building to revive. The original walls and floor slabs must be so tough to remain, and the maximum action of renovation is about rebuilding the roof. The red parts of the drawings in the plans and sections are of enough weight. The newly added partitions, facilities and objects into the house are like organic parts grown from the original building. The boundaries of rooms are clear while the space is fluid. The senses of boundary of the stairs, and the openings on the thick walls, are both very impressive.The kitchens and toilets also act as circulation spaces. In this house, the stairs and chimneys are the definite part of existence, still playing their initial roles – they helped the users, as well as the air, to move vertically. All the other functional rooms radiate from them, and change over time.The interpretation of this historic building renovation gives us a perspective with depth in terms of time. It inspires us to examine our values towards architecture that seem so common to us. (Translated by WANG Xinxin)

GUO Liaohui: Before the renovation, architects and antiquarys jointly decided the parts to retain and repaint, removed the paints from the 20th Century,and reconstructed the facade fragments from five periods. Most of the new renovation activities are in the form of furnitures. The new things are not completely subservient to the atmosphere of the existing space, but are carefully coordinated with the old building. From the doors to the windows, from the stove to the pegs,the precise, geometric, and small scaled new parts and the rough and fuzzy old building parts present through each other. The changes in the functions of rooms and the newly added bathrooms and kitchens will certainly pose great challenges for the old building in terms of dealing with the equipments and climate boundary.Even the size changes of the window frames will affect the relationships between the whole space. This part of the work that is not easy to detect deserves much more appreciation. (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)