伊朗青蜂科、锤角细蜂科、螯蜂科、环腹蜂科和细蜂科(膜翅目)的区系研究

Najmeh SAMIN,Nil BAGRIACIK,Giuseppe Fabrizio TURRISI,Lubomir MASNER,Lütfiye GENÇER,Sohrab IMANI,Jong-Wook LEE,Juli PUJADE-VILLAR(1.Young Researchers and Elites Club,Science and Research Branch,Islamic Azad University,Tehran,Iran；.Niĝde Omer Halisdemir University,Faculty of Science and Art,Department of Biology,1100 Niĝde Turkey；.University of Catania,Cutgana,Nature Reserves Management,c/o Laboratorio Naturalistico Ambientale"Natura＆ Scienza"via Terzora ,I-90,San Gregorio di Catania,Catania,Italy；.Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,K.W.Neatby Building,CEF,Ottawa,ON,K1A 0C,Canada；.Cumhuriyet University,Science Faculty,Department of Biology,10,Sivas,Turkey；.Department of Entomology,Science and Research Branch,Islamic Azad University,Tehran,Iran；.Department of Life Sciences,Yeungnam University,Gyeongsan 1,Korea；.Universitat de Barcelona,Facultat de Biologia,Departament de Biologia Animal,Avda.Diagonal ,E-00-Barcelona,Spain)

1 Introduction

The family Chrysididae(Cuckoo-wasps)is distributed all over the world and contains more than 3 000 species(Tyrner,2007).They are colourful insects,which fall into categories of cleptoparasites and parasitoids.Larvae of cuckoo-wasps develop in brood cells of nesting Hymenoptera,cocoons of sawflies and Lepidoptera and eggs of Phasmatodea(O′Neill,2001；Orlovskyte et al.,2011).Chrysidids are distributed over all zoogeographical regions but mainly in subtropical and tropical zones(Tyrner,2007).

Diapriidae is a cosmopolitan family with 2 080 described species distributed in 192 genera and three subfamilies,Diapriinae,Belytinae and Ambositrinae(Comério et al.,2016).These tiny wasps have an average length of 2-8 mm.They are typically parasitoids on the larvae and pupae of a wide range of insects,especially flies； a few are hyperparasitoids(Naumann,1982；Masner et al.,2002).

The family Dryinidae with more than 1 600 species within 12 subfamilies and 45 genera is a medium-sized cosmopolitan group of Aculeata(Olmi et al.,2001；Klejdysz et al.,2018).More than 230 species are represented in Palaearctic Region,mostly of them occurring also in Europe.These wasps are parasitoids of Hemiptera(including Cicadomorpha and Fulgoromorpha)(Guglielmino et al.,2006,2007；Turrisi et al.,2009).

Figitidae is a family of parasitoid wasps.The full diversity of this wasp family is not yet known,but about 1 400 species have been described to over 130 genera(Buffington et al.,2007).Charipinae is the most important subfamily in this taxon which are biologically characterized being secondary parasitoids of aphids via Aphidiinae(Hymenoptera： Braconidae)and Aphelininae(Hymenoptera：Aphelinidae)and secondary parasitoids of psyllids via Encyrtidae(Hymenoptera：Chalcidoidea)(Menke et al.,1991).

The family Proctotrupidae is a relatively small taxon of parasitic wasps(Proctotrupoidea)with a worldwide distribution,especially in temperate and humid climate regions.These wasps are most diverse in the Holarctic,where they occur mainly in shadowed forests.Proctotrupids are larval endoparasitoids of several Coleoptera families,as well as the dipteran families Mycetophilidae and Sciaridae,the lepidopteran family Oecophoridae,and centipedes of the family Lithobiidae.Proctotrupid fauna consists of over than 320 species in 27 genera(Townes et al.,1981；Johnson,1992；Kolyada et al.,2007；Kolyada et al.,2011).

The aim of this faunistic paper is introducing of some species related to five hymenopteran families,Chrysididae,Diapriidae,Dryinidae,Figitidae and Proctotrupidae.

2 Material and Methods

The materials of this investigation were collected by Malaise trap,light trap and sweeping net from different regions of Iran during 2008-2014.Additionally some specimens preserved in the insect collections of Islamic Azad University were also studied.The specimens were identified by the authors and authorized specialists,and are preserved in the collection of the authors.

3 Results

In total 32 species of the families,Chrysididae(12 species),Diapriidae(5 species),Dryinidae(7 species),Figitidae(5 species),and Proctotrupidae(3 species)were collected and identified from different regions of Iran.Seven species are new records for the fauna of Iran：Chrysis castigata Linsenmaier,1959(Chrysididae),Entomacis perplexa(Haliday,1857),Trichopria longicornis(Thomson,1858)(Diapriidae),Anteon fulviventre(Haliday,1828)(Dryinidae),Dilyta subclavata Förster,1869(Figitidae),Brachyserphus parvulus(Nees,1834)and Tretoserphus laricis(Curtis,1837)(Proctotrupidae).

Family Chrysididae Latreille,1802 Genus Chrysis Linnaeus,1761

Chrysis bicolor Lepeletier,1806

Material examined： Iran,Mazandaran province,Behshahr,36°41′N 53°44′E,2♀,1♂,July 2009.

Distribution outside Iran： Trans-Palaearctic： from Western Europe to North Africa,Caucasus,Russia(Rosa et al.,2017a).

Chrysis castigata Linsenmaier,1959(new record for Iran)

Material examined： Iran,Golestan province,Golestan National Park,37°32′N 56°22′E,2♀,August 2010.

Distribution outside Iran：Kazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan,Russia,Turkmenistan,Uzbekistan(Rosa et al.,2017a).

Chrysis consanguinea Mocsáry,1889

Material examined： Iran,Guilan province,Talesh,37.8°N 48.91°E,2♀,June 2010.

Distribution outside Iran：Southern Europe,Caucasus,North Africa,Russia(Rosa et al.,2017a).

Genus Chrysura Dahlbom,1845

Chrysura radians(Harris,1776)

Material exxamined： Iran,Qazvin province,Taleghan,35.48°N 50.58°E,2♀,1♂,August 2012.

Distribution outside Iran：Palaearctic,Turkey(Yildirim et al.,2000).

Genus Cleptes Latreille,1802

Cleptes nitidulus(Fabricius,1793)

Material examined： Iran,Kuhgiloyeh ＆ Boyerahmad province,Kakan,30.64′N 51.81′E,3♀,1♂,September 2012.

Distribution outside Iran：Albania,Austria,China,Czech Republic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Hungary,Italy,Luxembourg,Poland,Switzerland,Slovakia,Spain,Sweden,Turkey(Turrisi,2009).

Cleptes pallipes Lepeletier,1806

Material examined： Iran,Fars province,Abadeh,31°15′N 52°30′E,3♀,1♂,April 2010.

Distribution outside Iran：Armenia,Austria,Bosnia-Herzegovina,Bulgaria,Czech Republic,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Italy,Luxembourg,Netherlands,Poland,Romania,Serbia,Slovakia,Sweden,Switzerland,Spain,Turkey,Ukraine(Turrisi,2009).

Cleptes semiauratus(Linnaeus,1761)

Material exxamined： Iran,Kordestan province,Kavaneh,34°97′N 46°98′E,2♀,2♂,September 2013.

Distribution outside Iran：Palaearctic,Turkey(Yildirim et al.,2000).

Genus Hedychridium Abeille de Perrin,1878

Hedychridium cupreum(Dahlbom,1845)

Material examined： Iran,Khorasan-e Shomali province,Farooj,37°21′N 58°26′E,1♀,May 2014.

Distribution outside Iran：Russia.Trans-Palaearctic,from North-Western Europe to China,Mongolia and Japan(Rosa et al.,2017b).

Genus Holopyga Dahlbom,1845

Holopyga generosa asiatica Trautmann,1926

Material examined： Iran,Semnan province,Shahrud(Jangal-e Abr),35°30′N 55°30′E,1♀,June 2011.

Distribution outside Iran：Russia.Trans-Palaearctic,from southern Europe and Caucasus to China(Rosa et al.,2017b).

Holopyga ignicollis Dahlbom,1854

Material examined： Iran,Isfahan province,Chadegan,32°77′N 50°63′E,2♀,April 2008.

Distribution outside Iran： Russia.West-Palaearctic： from South Europe to Middle East,Caucasus,Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan(Rosa et al.,2017b).

Holopyga lucida(Lepeletier,1806)

Material examined： Iran,Kermanshah province,Sonqor,34°50′N 47°30′E,3♀,April 2011.Distribution outside Iran：Russia,Central and South Europe,Turkey(Rosa et al.,2017b).

Genus Pseudomalus Ashmead,1902

Pseudomalus triangulifer(Abeille de Perrin,1877)

Material examined： Iran,Kuhgiloyeh ＆ Boyerahmad province,Kakan,30.64′N 51.81′E,2♀,2♂,September 2012.

Distribution outside Iran： Russia,Trans-Palaearctic： from Europe,Turkey and Caucasus to China(Rosa et al.,2017a).

Family Diapriidae Haliday,1833 Genus Coptera Say,1836

Coptera inaequalifrons(Jansson,1942)

Material examined： Iran,Guilan province,Lahijan,37°14′N 50°02′E,1♀,April 2012.

Distribution outside Iran：Palaearctic.Sweden,Turkey,UK(Petrov et al.,1996).

Genus Entomacis Foerster,1856

Entomacis perplexa(Haliday,1857)(new record for Iran)

Material examined： Iran,Lorestan province,Nur-Abad,34°07′N 47°97′E,3♀,2♂,8 June 2013.

Distribution outside Iran：Nearctic,Palaearctic.Austria,Canada,Caucasus,Czech Republic,Germany,Hungary,Japan,Moldova,Poland,Russia,Slovakia,USA(Chemyreva,2015).

Genus Spilomicrus Westwood,1832

Spilomicrus formosus Jansson,1942

Material examined： Iran,Ardabil province,Aslandooz,39°44′N 47°40′E,1♂,26 July 2010.

Distribution outside Iran：Palaearctic.Europe(Northern,Western,Eastern),Canada,Japan,Russia,USA(Chemyreva,2018).

Genus Trichopria Ashmead,1839

Trichopria myrmecobia(Kieffer,1911)

Material examined： Iran,West Azarbaijan province,Mahabad,36°46′N 45°44′E,1♀,9-11 August 2014.

Distribution outside Iran：Palaearctic.Bulgaria,Turkey,UK(Petrov et al.,1996).

Trichopria longicornis(Thomson,1858)(new record for Iran)

Material examined： Iran,Kermanshah province,Sonqor,34°50′N 47°30′E,2♀,April 2011.

Distribution outside Iran： Palaearctic.Sweden,Turkey,UK(Petrov et al.,1996；Notton,2004).

Family Dryinidae Haliday,1833 Genus Anteon Jurine,1807

Anteon fulviventre(Haliday,1828)(new record for Iran)

Material examined： Iran,Mazandaran province,Tonekabon,Jangal-e 3000,36°38′N 50°49′E,1♀,September 2009.

Distribution outside Iran：This species occurs throughout Europe and in parts of Asia(the Far East of Russia)(Olmi et al.,2015),and North Africa(Peeters et al.,2004).

Genus Gonatopus Ljungh,1810

Gonatopus distinctus Kieffer,1906

Material examined： Iran,Golestan province,Golestan National Park,37°32′N 56°22′E,1♀,August 2010.

Distribution outside Iran：Widely distributed throughout Palaearctic.Archipelago,Belgium,Czech Republic,Denmark,England,Finland,France,Germany,Georgia,Mongolia,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Romania,European Russia,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,Ukraine(Turisi et al.,2009；Klejdysz et al.,2018).

Gonatopus formicarius Ljungh,1810

Material examined： Iran,Khorasan Shomali province,km 6 Lujely-Shirvan,1♀,37°196′N 57°74′E,2♀,4 May 2011.

Distribution outside Iran：Eurasian distribution(Olmi et al.,2015).

Gonatopus lunatus Klug,1810

Material examined： Iran,Kermanshah province,Sonqor,34°50′N 47°30′E,1♀,April 2011.

Distribution outside Iran：This is a species with a wide distribution covering most of Europe and Palaearctic Asia(Peeters et al.,2004；Olmi et al.,2015).

Genus Haplogonatopus Perkins,1905

Haplogonatopus oratorius(Westwood,1833)

Material examined： Iran,Kuhgiloyeh ＆ Boyerahmad province,Kakan,30.64′N 51.81′E,2♀,2♂,September 2012.

Distribution outside Iran：Many countries in Europe,the Middle East and the Eastern Palaearctic(Olmi et al.,2015),North Africa(Klejdysz et al.,2018).

Genus Lonchodryinus Kieffer,1905

Lonchodryinus ruficornis(Dalman,1818)

Material examined： Iran,Mazandaran province,Behshahr,36°41′N 53°44′E,1♀,1♂,July 2013.

Distribution outside Iran：Palaearctic species.Probably common in most European(Peeters et al.2004),and Asian countries(Olmi et al.,2015).

Genus Mystrophorus Foerster,1856

Mystrophorus formicaeformis Ruthe,1859

Material examined： Iran,Ardabil province,Germi,39°00′N 47°57′E,1♀,July 2011.

Distribution outside Iran：This species is present in Europe and western Asia(Peeters et al.,2004).

Family Figitidae Thomson,1862 Genus Alloxysta Förster,1869

Alloxysta salicicola Belizin,1973

Material examined： Iran,Guilan province,Lahijan,37°14′N 50°02′E,1♀,April 2012.

Distribution outside Iran：Palaearctic Region(Ferrer-Suay et al.,2013).

Genus Anacharis Dalman,1823

Anacharis antennata Belizin,1951

Material examined： Iran,Golestan province,Golestan National Park,37°32′N 56°22′E,1♀,August 2010.

Distribution outside Iran：Eastern Palaearctic.Japan,Romania,Tajikistan(Mata-Casanova et al.,2018).

Anacharis immunis Walker,1835

Material examined： Iran,Qazvin province,Rostam Abad,35°67′N 49°86′E,2♀,1♂,August 2012.

Distribution outside Iran：Palaearctic,Oriental.Andorra,Armenia,Austria,Belgium,Denmark,Finland,Germany,Japan,Latvia,Norway,Poland,Russia,Sweden,Ukraine,UK(Mata-Casanova et al.,2018).

Genus Aegilips Haliday,1835

Aegilips flavidicornis(Kieffer,1910)

Material examined： Iran,Khorasan Shomali province,km 6 Lujely-Shirvan,2♀,37°196′N 57°74′E,2♀,4 May 2011.

Distribution outside Iran：Palaearctic.Central Asia,Chinese Turkestan(Mata-Casanova et al.,2018).

Genus Dilyta Förster,1869

Dilyta subclavata Förster,1869(new record for Iran)

Material examined： Iran,West Azarbaijan province,Mahabad,36°46′N 45°44′E,2♀,9-11 August 2014.

Distribution outside Iran：Holarctic.Netherlands,Norway,Sweden,USA(Alaska)(Paretas-Martínez et al.,2011).

Family Proctotrupidae Latreille,1802 Genus Brachyserphus Hellén,1941

Brachyserphus parvulus(Nees,1834)(new record for Iran)

Material examined： Iran,Ardabil province,Germi,39°00′N 47°57′E,1♂,July 2011.

Distribution outside Iran：Canada,Europe,Georgia,Japan,Kazakhstan,Russia,South Korea,USA(Kolyada,1997；Choi et al.,2012).

Genus Parthenocodrus Pschorn-Walcher,1958

Parthenocodrus elongatus(Haliday,1839)

Material examined： Iran,Golestan province,Golestan National Park,37°32′N 56°22′E,2♀,1♂,August 2010.

Distribution outside Iran：Japan,South Korea,Transpalaearctic from Europe to Russian Far East(Kim et al.,2016).

Genus Tretoserphus Townes,1981

Tretoserphus laricis(Curtis,1837)(new record for Iran)

Material examined： Iran,West Azarbaijan province,Mahabad,36°46′N 45°44′E,1♀,9-11 August 2014.

Distribution outside Iran： Europe； Japan(Watanbe,1949).

4 Discussion

This faunistic paper indicates that the fauna of Iranian Hymenoptera is diverse and new data will be discovered by samplings systematically in different regions.The fauna of Iranian Hymenoptera was poorly studied so far,while Iran is a large country(1 623 779 km2).The biogeographic location of Iran in the Palaearctic is unique,placed at the crossroads of the Oriental and Afrotropical ecozones,Central Asia and Caucasus；so various species diversity is expected for the fauna of Iran(Zehzad et al.,2002；Strumia et al.,2015).So we expect much more species of the families Chrysididae,Diapriidae,Dryinidae,Figitidae and Proctotrupidae which will be found after faunistic surveys.Among the different hymenopteran families of Iran,only the fauna of Aphelinidae(Abd-Rabou et al.,2013),Bethylidae(Ghahari et al.,2018),Braconidae(Farahani et al.,2016),Encyrtidae(Fallahzadeh et al.,2017),Eulophidae(Talebi et al.,2011),Evanoidea(Ghahari et al.,2017b),Ichneumonidae(Barahoei et al.,2012),Platygastridae(Ghahari et al.,2011),Pompilidae(Ghahari et al.,2014a),Pteromalidae(Ghahari et al.,2015a),Scelionidae(Ghahari et al.,2015b),Signiphoridae(Ghahari et al.,2014b),and Torymidae(Ghahari et al.,2017a)was studied rather well.

Acknowledgements：This research was suported by Islamic Azad University(Young Researchers and Elites Club,Science and Research Branch),Niĝde Omer Halisdemir University,and University of Catania.We are grateful to G.Melika(Plant Protection and Soil Conservation Service,Hungary),Z.Xu(South China Agricultural University)and M.Olmi(Università della Tuscia,Italy)for providing of many requested papers.