Module 1 Small Talk

2018-02-26

时代英语·高二 2018年1期

关键词：预先恩惠及物动词

高考词汇

lack v. 缺乏，缺少

nod v. 点头

yawn v. 打呵欠

sigh v. 叹气，叹息

tidy v. 使……整洁，整理

tease v. 戏弄，嘲弄，揶揄

contradict v. 反驳

interrupt v. 打断

violate v. 骚扰，妨碍，侵犯

imagine v. 想象

apologise v. 道歉

prize n. 奖品，奖金

application n. 申请

form n. 表格

immigration n. 移民

visa n. 签证

favour n. 恩惠，照顾

reception n. 欢迎会；招待会

embassy n. 使馆

reply n. 回答，答复，回信

saleswoman n. 女推销员，女销售员

firm n. 公司

fax n. 传真（机）

motto n. 座右铭，格言

shortcoming n. 缺点，短处

absence n. 缺乏，不存在

customer n. 顾客，客户

typist n. 打字员

apology n. 道歉，致歉

acquaintance n. 熟人

divorce n. 离婚，离异

fool n. 傻瓜，笨蛋

clerk n. 职员，办事员

haircut n. 发型，发式

brunch n. 早午餐（早餐与午餐合并吃的一餐）

anniversary n. 周年纪念日

hostess n. 女主人

function n. 功能

purpose n. 目的

circumstance n. 情形，情况

serious adj. 严肃的

advance adj. 预先的，在前的

outspoken adj. 直言不讳的，坦率的，客气的

systematic adj. 非偶然的，经常的

mature adj. 成熟的

awkward adj. 尴尬的

pregnant adj. 怀孕的

cautious adj. 谨慎的，慎重的，小心的

messy adj. 棘手的，难办的

modest adj. 谦虚的，谦逊的

successful adj. 成功的

anyhow adv. 不管怎么说，无论如何

certain pron. 某些

常用短语

词汇达标

small talk 闲谈，聊天

make friends 交朋友，建立友谊

（be） nervous about 对……神经紧张/害怕/胆怯/焦虑不安

think of 想起，回忆起

look away from 把目光从……移开

in addition 除此之外，另外

find out 了解（到）；找出（信息）

put ones foot in ones mouth 犯使人难堪的错误，说错话as a consequence 因此，结果

cheer sb up 使某人高兴/振作起来

leave out 省去，删去

（be） aware of 知道

take the lead 带头，领先

show off 炫耀

拓展词汇

psychologist n. 心理学家

impolite adj. 不礼貌的

factual adj. 实际的，事实的，确实的

secretive adj. 秘而不宣的，隐藏的

confidently adv. 自信地

语法达标

动词need的用法。

词汇短语园地

1. lack v. 缺乏，缺少

n. 缺乏，匮乏，短缺

Hes good at his job but he seems to lack confidence.

他善于工作，但似乎缺乏信心。

There is a certain lack of enthusiasm for these changes among the membership.

会员对这些变动没有多大热情。

比较：lack和shortage的区别

lack指的是“完全没有或部分缺少”，既表示具体，也表示抽象，如智力、知识、勇气等；shortage指的是“短缺”，因此要就量而言。

1） lack for nothing 什么也不缺

2） be lacking in 缺少（lacking是形容詞）

3） for/through lack of 因缺少

4） no lack of 不缺少，足够

2. advance adj. 预先的，在前的endprint

No advance booking is necessary on most departures.

大多数起程票无须预订。

advance n. 前进；进步，发展

1） in advance 在前面；预先，事先

Its cheaper if you book the tickets in advance.

预订票要便宜一些。

2） in advance of 在（时间或空间）之前

People were evacuated from the coastal regions in advance of the hurricane.

飓风袭来之前，沿海地带的人已经撤离。

advance v. 预付；提前，提早

advanced adj. 先进的；高级的，高等的

3. favour n. 恩惠，照顾

As a special favour， Ill let you stay up late tonight.

作为对你的特殊恩惠，我允许你今晚迟睡。

Do yourself a favour and wear a helmet on the bike.

要照顾好你自己，骑车要戴上头盔。

1） do sb a favour = do a favour for sb 帮某人的忙

2） in favour of 赞同，支持；看中，选择

3） in ones favour 以……为受益人

4） ask a favour of sb 请某人帮忙

4. reply n. 回答，答復，回信

v. 回答，答复；回应，做出反应

I asked her what her name was but she made no reply.

我问她叫什么名字，但她没有回答。

The senator replied that he was not in a position to comment.

参议员回答说他不宜发表评论。

1） in reply to 作为对……的答复

2） reply to 回答，答复

比较：动词reply和answer的区别

reply为正式用语，多指经过考虑的、有针对性的、详细的回答，常用作不及物动词，和介词to连用；answer为一般用语，既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词，还可引申为“应答”。

5. absence n. 缺乏，不存在

The case was dismissed in the absence of definite proof.

此案因缺乏确凿证据而不予受理。

1） in the absence of 缺少

2） absence of mind 心不在焉

3） in ones absence 某人不在期间

absent adj. 缺席的，不在场的

1） be absent from 缺席

2） absent-minded adj. 心不在焉的

6. interrupt v. 打断，插嘴

They were interrupted by a knock at the door.

他们被敲门声打断了。

Would you mind not interrupting all the time？

请你别老是插嘴好吗？

interruption n. 打扰，插嘴，打岔

He ignored her interruptions.

他没有理会她的打岔。

7. imagine v. 想象

（1） imagine + n. 想象，设想

The house was just as she had imagined.

这房子正是她所想象的。

（2） imagine + that从句胡乱猜想……；认为……

Hes always imagining were talking about him behind his back.

他总是胡乱猜想我们在背后说他的闲话。

I dont imagine that theyll refuse.

我认为他们不会拒绝。

（3） imagine + doing 想象做某事

Can you imagine George cooking the dinner？

你能想象乔治做饭吗？

imagination n. 想象力，想象；幻想物；创造力

imaginative adj. 富于想象力的；创新的

imaginable adj. 想象得到的；可想象的

imaginary adj. 想象中的；幻想的；虚构的

8. purpose n. 目的，用途

Our campaigns main purpose is to raise money.

我们这次活动的主要目的就是募款。

The two are not the same and dont serve the same purpose.endprint

二者不是一回事，并且用途也不同。

1） on purpose 故意地

2） with/for the purpose of 为了……目的

3） to the purpose 中肯的（地），合适的（地）

9. apologise v. 道歉

apology n. 道歉；致歉

apologise for sth/doing sth 为……而道歉

We apologise for the late departure of this flight.

本航班延误离境，谨致歉意。

I apologised to her for stepping on her foot.

我因踩了她的脚而向她道歉。

Your allegations are completely untrue， and I demand an immediate apology.

你的说法完全不真实，我要求立即道歉。

10. think of 想起，回忆起

I cant think of her name at the moment.

我一时想不起她的名字。

1） think better of 对……有更高的评价

2） think little of 不重视；认为……没价值

3） think nothing of 把……视为平常；不把……当一回事；

觉得……无所谓

11. in addition 除此之外，另外

该短语为副词性短语，作状语，在句中位置灵活。在句中和句末时，一般用逗号隔开。

There is， in addition， one further point to make.

此外，还有一点要说。

In addition to English， he has to study a second foreign language.

除英语外，他还要学第二外语。

与in addition一样都表示“除……之外（还）”的其他单词或短语：besides，apart from，aside from。

12. find out 了解（到）；找出（信息）

We found out later that we had been at the same school.

后来我们才弄清楚我们是校友。

比较：find out，find与look for的区别

find out指通过观察、探索发现事实的真相，调查出原因或发现秘密、错误等；find多表示偶然性地找到；look for着重表现寻找的动作。

I havent found anything out about him yet.

我还没有发现有关他的任何情况。

Weve found a great new restaurant near the office.

我们在办公室附近发现了一家很棒的新餐馆。

Where have you been？ Weve been looking for you.

你上哪儿去了？我们一直在找你。

13. leave out 省去，刪去；漏掉

I havent altered or left out anything.

我没有更改或删去任何东西。

Youve made a mistake—youve left out the letter T.

你错了，你漏掉了字母T。

1） leave alone 不管；不理会；不打扰

2） leave behind 忘带；留下

14. （be） aware of 知道；意识到；明白

Were you aware of something was wrong？

你有没有意识到已经出问题了？

I dont think people are really aware of how much it costs.

我认为人们并不真正明白它得花多少钱。

1） as far as I am aware 就我所知

2） make sb aware of sth 让某人明白某事

15. take the lead 带头，领先

If we take the lead in this， others may follow.

如果我们在这方面带头行动，其他人就会跟着来。

Tom took the lead in the third lap.

汤姆在跑第三圈时领先。

1） be in the lead 领先

2） follow the lead of sb 以某人为榜样，效仿某人

3） give sb a lead 给某人做出榜样；提示某人

16. show off 炫耀

She wanted to show off her new husband at the party.

她想在聚会上炫耀自己的新婚丈夫。

1） show sb around/round 领（某人）参观endprint

2） show up 如约赶到；出现；露面

3） show ones face 露面；公开见人

Thats the Difference

A teenager lost a contact lens while playing basketball in his driveway.

After a fruitless search， he told his mother the lens was nowhere to be found. Undaunted， she went outside and in a few minutes， returned with the lens in her hand.

“How did you manage to find it， Mom？” the teenager asked.

“We werent looking for the same thing，” she replied. “You were looking for a small piece of plastic. I was looking for $150.”

跟蹤导练（一）

There are about 1，200 species of bats in the world， Swartz says. Some eat fruit. Others eat insects or honey. And just a few drink blood.

Some bats use their eyes to see where things are. Others collect information about their surroundings by bouncing sound off objects and listening to the echoes （回声）.

But what all bats have in common （other than being the only flying mammals in existence） are flexible （灵活的） wings that enable them to change directions quickly. If youve ever seen bats flying with a rush through the air in the early evening， you probably noticed how suddenly they could change directions.

Scientists have long assumed （设想） that bats fly the same way as birds and insects do—with firm， airplane-like wings that connect to the shoulder. The problem with that assumption， however， is that bats arent birds or insects. As mammals， they have more in common with people， horses and dogs than with other flying creatures.

For example， birds have bones which are empty inside， and insects have no bones at all. But most mammals have solid and heavy bones， which would make flying tough.

To solve this problem， bats have evolved strong and heavy bones near their shoulders， where they need more support. Theyve also saved some weight by developing lighter and weaker bones near the tips of their wings. The result is light but strong and very flexible wings.

1. What can we know about bats from the passage？

A. They can hear sounds with their ears.

B. They are the same as birds in every direction.

C. They have nothing in common with people.

D. They can fly well because of their flexible wings.

2. What can be inferred from the passage？

A. Some bats may be dangerous to people.

B. The scientists assumption is proved to be right.

C. Environment helps bats develop the ability of flying.endprint

D. Bats collect information only by listening to echoes.

3. What can be the best title of the passage？

A. Bats B. Bats Food

C. How Bats Fly D. Flexible Wings

In this fast-shifting world， there can be no guarantees attached to any particular job. But there is much that you can do to protect yourself from the change of society， by equipping yourself with the skills to manage your career more effectively. You need to be a career activist.

If you lost your main source of income tomorrow， could you find a different source to replace it？ The most important thing in protecting yourself now and in the future is ensuring that you have choices. Dont let yourself be held back by a lack of skill development， or fear of change. Some people have been good performers in their own organization but discovered that they are stuck. Because they are so closely related to a particular company or industry， their skills are not readily transferred to other jobs.

Dont put all your eggs in one basket. If you limit yourself to one particular area or sector， you limit your opportunity， too. In a global market place， many jobs come and go quickly as changes in the stock market. Todays hottest job may not exist tomorrow. If you love computers， then this work represents a great choice. But dont enter a field just because you think thats where the hot jobs are； even if the job is available， it may not match well with your own skills and abilities. Start with an entry of your own strengths and interests， then see where you may match up best in the job market.

4. How can one ensure that he has choices if he loses the main source of income？

A. Enter a field where the hot jobs are.

B. Transfer to jobs that involve computers.

C. Be a good performer in his own organization.

D. Try to develop skills and be a career activist.

5. Why some people are afraid of change？

A. They have got a hot job.

B. They have no other better choices.

C. They have got used to a certain job.

D. They have no other skills and interests.

6. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 mean？

A. Keep the eggs safely.

B. Stick to only one particular job.

C. Try your best to do the job well.

D. Enter a field where the hot jobs are.

7. According to the writer， the best job to choose is something that ___ .

A. is both hot and interestingendprint

B. will always exist in the future

C. brings you good source of income

D. involves your strengths and interests

根據短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Like many people， the start of the day maybe isnt your favorite time. 1 Try at least one of these tomorrow.

Stretch （伸展） every part of your body for 15 seconds.

Try this before you open your eyes. Lift your arm and begin by stretching each finger， then your hand， then your wrist， then your arm. 2 Then your toes， feet， ankles and legs. In this way， you upped the flow of blood through your body， providing extra oxygen to all your tissues.

Set your alarm 15 minutes earlier.

3 You can begin your day by lying in bed， slowly waking up， mentally ticking off the decisions you made in advance about what youre going to wear， what youre going to do...

Brush your tongue for 2—3 minutes.

Theres no better way to rid you of morning breath and begin your day fresh and clean. After all， more than 300 types of bacteria stay in your mouth every night. 4

Avoid any decisions.

For truly relaxing mornings， reduce the number of choices and decisions you make to zero. 5 Really， theres no need to vary your breakfast， timetable or clothes to wear every morning.

A. Repeat with the other arm.

B. You can change your living habits.

C. Make your decisions the night before.

D. These few minutes in bed are all yours.

E. Quick brush cant make them all disappear.

F. Here are some healthy habits you can learn without much effort.

G. In this way， you dont have to jump out of bed and rush through your morning.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Loving Kindness Is Twice Blessed

I felt gloomy （沮丧的） the other day. The weather had been dark and rainy， and I just didnt feel so 1 .

As I was sitting at my desk， I 2 it was the birthday of a dear long-time friend—a single， middle-aged woman who has devoted the past 30 years to nursing and loves her 3 .

Knowing that she didnt have any family in town， I 4 to give her a call. Sure enough， she was on B-shift， 5 to work late into the evening， and wouldnt have much of a birthday this year. As always， 6 ， she sounded cheerful and was happy that I 7 her.

After I hung up， I couldnt 8 the feeling that she would really 9 a little attention on her special day. 10 feeling a little gloomy myself， I tried to put it out of my mind， but as the day passed I couldnt shake the thought. I 11 gave in， and that evening I set off to the hospital with a card， a cheese cake， and some balloons. My friends grateful smile and joyful surprise 12 me Id done the right thing and were a generous 13 for the little effort it had taken.endprint

When I got home， I realized that not only had I cheered up a 14 friend on her birthday， but my own gloomy feelings had also disappeared. Making her day had 15 my own！

Isnt that the way 16 we take the time and make the 17 to do something for someone else？ Its like the little saying， “Loving kindness is twice blessed； it blesses him who gives， and him who 18 .”

Cheering up people on their birthdays isnt the only thing we can do to make their day. Life constantly presents us with

19 to take an extra step or do a kind deed that will make a difference to someone. And the wonderful thing is that as we do， it changes things for the 20 for us， too.

1. A. special B. positive C. nervous D. proud

2. A. explained B. complained C. remembered D. informed

3. A. family B. training C. work D. school

4. A. decided B. continued C. agreed D. refused

5. A. surprised B. disappointed C. bored D. prepared

6. A. though B. besides C. therefore D. otherwise

7. A. admitted B. called C. helped D. visited

8. A. experience B. imagine C. shake D. understand

9. A. feel B. show C. grasp D. appreciate

10. A. Almost B. Even C. Never D. Still

11. A. luckily B. finally C. unhappily D. hardly

12. A. convinced B. advised C. promised D. reminded