悲剧的诞生（节选）

弗里德里希·威廉·尼采

We can learn something about that na?ve artist through the analogy of dream.

We can imagine the dreamer as he calls out to himself， still caught in the illusion of his dream and without disturbing it， “This is a dream， and I want to go on dreaming，” and we can infer， on the one hand， that he takes deep delight in the contemplation of his dream， on the other， that he must have forgotten the day， with its horrible importunity， so to enjoy his dream.

Apollo， the interpreter of dreams， will furnish the clue to what is happening here.

Although of the two halves of life—the waking and the dreaming—the former is generally considered not only the more important but the only one which is truly lived， I would， at the risk of sounding paradoxical， propose the opposite view.

The more I have come to realize in nature those omnipotent formative tendencies and， with them， an intense longing for illusion， the more I feel inclined to the hypothesis that the original Oneness， the ground of Being， ever suffering and contradictory， time and again has need of rapt vision and delightful illusion to redeem itself.

Since we ourselves are the very stuff of such illusions， we must view ourselves as the truly non-existent， that is to say， as a perpetual unfolding in time， space， and causality—what we label “empiric reality”.

關于那种素朴的艺术家，若以梦境为喻，可以给我们一些启发。

试设想一个做梦的人，他沉湎于梦境而不愿惊扰其梦，对自己说：“是梦吧，我索性梦下去吧！”我们由此可以推断：一方面，他在梦境中体验到一种内心的快感；另一方面，为了能心满意足地梦下去，他必须完全忘掉白昼的现实以及迫人的忧患。

所以，凭借解梦神阿波罗的指导，我们对这一切现象可以作如下的阐明：

虽然在生活的两面，在清醒和睡梦中，前者似乎确实是更可贵，而且是唯一身受的生活；然而，我坦白地主张我们对于梦也应予以相当的重视。

因为我愈觉察出这种万能的艺术冲动，见到它力求表现为幻象并且通过幻象而得救的热情，我便愈觉得有必要作如下的假设：真正的存在和本原，永劫和矛盾，常常也需要醉心的幻影，快乐的幻象来救济自身。

我们既然置身于这种幻象中，而且是由它构成的，就势必觉得我们本身是真正的虚无，是时间、空间、因果的无穷变幻，换句话说，是经验的实在。

Word Study

illusion /?'lu???n/ n. 幻想；错觉

He could no longer distinguish between illusion and reality.

interpreter /?n't??pr?t?（r）/ n. 解释者；译者

Speaking through an interpreter， the President said that the talks were going well.

contradictory /?k?ntr?'d?kt?ri/ adj. 相互矛盾的；对立的

The advice I received was often contradictory.endprint