人工智能对工业4.0关键技术引领探讨
2018-02-22陈巍
陈 巍
(珠峰财产保险股份有限公司, 北京 100055)
1 研究背景
2017年国务院发布《新一代人工智能发展规划》,人工智能作为引领未来的战略技术,成为国际竞争的新焦点、经济发展的新引擎。工业4.0本质上是将传统的生产要素彼此连接构成巨大网络,并通过互联网将虚拟世界和现实世界实现更高层次的自动化控制,因此各学科实现人、机器和虚拟世界底层互连是工业4.0的要素之一。工业4.0战略的核心是在互联网和信息技术为基础的互动平台上,实现数字技术[1-3]、物联网[4-5]、智能材料等众多先进技术的融合,也包括生物产品的研发和制造[6],大规模并行科学计算[7],和观测网数据实时监控与共享[8]。
人工智能是控制论、信息论、结构生物9等学科相互渗透的综合性学科。在大数据进入各领域的今天,人工智能对科学问题基于底层技术的系统构建,才能真正实现工业4.0的数据化、网络化、智能化。有了物联网中基于底层设备的风险控制研究以及密钥保护[10],才能保证自动驾驶和航行构成涵盖海陆空的空中立体交通系统[11-14]。工业4.0是新技术基础上的工业化加信息化,正是因为系统中嵌入的新技术,比如移动设备自适应动态补丁[15],宽带和设备的健壮性网络,虚拟现实和人机接口等智能方面,才能实现精益生产,使信息物理系统这个基石真正坚固,建立一个基于工业4.0的体现个性化和数字化的产品与服务生产模式。
2 工业4.0的关键新技术
1)智能探月采样钻头:月球环境的特殊性[16-17]增加了钻取采样任务的难度[18],采样钻头对样心的影响程度、破碎月壤所需的功耗等参数以及螺旋钻杆与月壤颗粒相互摩擦所产生的输土功耗曲线[19-21]均可以利用计算机得到。
2)安全系统:在数据规模、设备种类总量、攻击方法[22]均爆发的时代,动态、细粒度的随机化方案[23]可以降低攻击[24]成功率,虚拟化硬件能很好地解决防御上的缺陷[25-26]。
3)陆面过程模式:基于通用陆面过程模式CLM 4.5构建了超高分辨率的陆面河岸生态水文模式[27-28]。高分辨率流域生态水文模式和人类地下取水用水的陆面模式在全球尺度上被构建[29-32]并且分辨率在不断增加。
4)材料设计:机器学习用于探索铂金属在石墨和其他金属存在下的抗毒性、稳定性[33-36],精确预测全混式反应器以及鼓泡塔中细菌在不同反应阶段的浓度[37-41]。计算机模拟跌落和冲击环境可提高产品设计成熟度[42-43]。
5)结构生物和药物设计:计算机辅助X射线晶体学发明了以DNA聚合酶β为Host,目标DNA为Guest的新一代快速结晶系统[44]。此系统直接查看药物DNA高分辨率相互作用,目前已开发出有效杀伤乳腺癌和胰腺癌的新药[45]。
6)计算机辅助药物设计:拓扑衍生功能基团对已知药物高通量基团筛并查进行抗癌药物研发[46-50]。以蛋白药物共结构为基础的模拟筛查重建甾体类抗癌药物与蛋白的作用[51]。
7)其他新技术:除其在视觉处理[52]和安全方面[53]的广泛应用,人工智能在大计算量的流体力学和灾害模型中也有广泛应用:比如海波极值算法[54-55]和各种隐患消除的新技术等[56-59]。
3 结语
工业4.0发展过程中产生海量的数据,在工业人工智能领域,生产制造个性化、定制化将成为常态,为此互连互通和跨界,将制造业向智能化转型,实现横向、纵向的全价值链集成是必然趋势。
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