宁波市普通高中与职业高中学生失眠状况调查和比较

敬攀　　胡珍玉　　吴瑕　　梅曦　　禹海航

[摘要] 目的 了解宁波市高中学生失眠发生状况以及比较普通高中和职业高中学生之间的差异。 方法 通过以学生自评的方式，对宁波市2所普通高中和1所职业高中进行问卷调查，使用一般情况调查问卷和失眠严重程度指数量表（ISI），问卷由班主任老师统一发放和回收。 结果 共收集有效问卷3283份，其中普通高中1420份，职业高中1863份，男生1521名（占46.3%），女生1762名（占53.7%）。平均年龄（17.08±0.84）（15～21）岁。宁波市高中学生失眠发生率为37.5%，其中轻度失眠为28.3%，中度失眠为7.4%，重度失眠为1.8%。宁波市高中学生29.7%存在入睡困难，18.9%存在易醒，11.2%存在早醒。普通高中学生的失眠发生率33.3%低于职业高中的40.7%，差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。 结论 宁波市高中学生失眠状况较普遍，职业高中的失眠发生状况要高于普通高中学生。

[关键词] 高中学生；失眠；流行病学；调查

[中图分类号] R740 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701（2018）31-0126-04

Investigation and comparison of insomnia among students in ordinary high schools and vocational high schools in Ningbo City

JING Pan1 HU Zhenyu1 WU Xia2 MEI Xi1 YU Haihang1

1.Department of Psychology， Ningbo Kangning Hospital， Ningbo 315201，China； 2.Ningbo Institute of Hygiene Technology，Ningbo 315201，China

[Abstract] Objective To understand the occurrence of insomnia among high school students in Ningbo and the differences between students in ordinary high schools and vocational high schools. Methods Through self-evaluation by students， questionnaire surveys were conducted on 2 general high schools and 1 vocational high school in Ningbo. General questionnaires and Insomnia Severity Index （ISI） questionnaires were used. Questionnaires were issued and collected by the teacher in charge. Results A total of 3283 effective questionnaires were collected， including 1，420 cases of ordinary high schools，1，863 cases of vocational high schools，1，521 cases of boys（46.3%），and 1，762 cases of girls （53.7%）. The average age was （17.08±0.84） （15-21） years old. The incidence of insomnia among high school students in Ningbo was 37.5%，of which mild insomnia was 28.3%，moderate insomnia was 7.4%，and severe insomnia was 1.8%. Among high school students in Ningbo，29.7% had difficulties in falling asleep，18.9% had easy awakening，and 11.2% had early awakening. The incidence of insomnia in ordinary high school students（33.3%） was lower than that（40.7%） in vocational high schools. There was a significant difference between the two groups（P<0.01）. Conclusion Insomnia is common among high school students in Ningbo， and the incidence of insomnia in vocational high schools is higher than that of ordinary high school students.

[Key words] High school students； Insomnia； Epidemiology； Investigation

隨着社会的发展，破坏睡眠的因素越来越多，人们的睡眠变得越来越差，成人的失眠发生率约为30%～60%，儿童青少年的失眠发生率也达到15%[1-2]。青少年睡眠质量与肥胖、焦虑的发生、注意力缺陷以及对生活事件的处理方式均有明显的相关性[3-6]，影响着他们的成长。对于青少年学生，随着智能手机的广泛使用及学习压力等因素，其睡眠情况值得我们关注。我们之前的数据显示，宁波市中学生失眠的发生率为25%[7]，中学生的睡眠应该要加强关注和引导，而且睡眠时间和青少年学生日间功能密切相关[8]，这也反映睡眠对青少年学生的重要性。本研究通过对普通高中和职业高中学生进行失眠状况调查，了解宁波市普通高中和职业高中失眠的发生情况及差异，现报道如下。