工程和法律英语(7)建设工程合同定义条款中的“其他相关方”
2018-02-14文/李健
文 / 李 健
前面讨论过FIDIC 1999版Contract for Construction“Parties and Persons”条款和中国《建设工程施工合同(示范文本)》“合同当事人及其他相关方”条款的Parties或当事人。现在看看条款中Persons或者“其他相关方”。
例 1—“Engineer” means the person appointed by the Employer to act as the Engineer for the purposes of the Contract and named in the Appendix to Tender, or other person appointed from time to time by the Employer and notified to the Contractor under Sub-Clause 3.4 [Replacement of the Engineer]. “Contractor’s Representative” means the person named by the Contractor in the Contract or appointed from time to time by the Contractor under Sub-Clause 4.3 [Contractor’s Representative], who acts on behalf of the Contractor. (1.1.2 Contract for Construction, FIDIC, 1999)
试译:“工程师”是指业主为合同目的而任命并在投标书附录中指定担任工程师的人,或者业主间或根据第3.4款(工程师的更换)任命并通知承包商的其他人。“承包商代表”是指承包商在合同中指定或者间或根据第4.3款(承包商代表)任命而为承包商利益开展工作的人。
例2—监理人:是指在专用合同条款中指明的,受发包人委托按照法律规定进行工程监督管理的法人或其他组织。总监理工程师:是指由监理人任命并派驻施工现场进行工程监理的总负责人。发包人代表:是指由发包人任命并派驻施工现场在发包人授权范围内行使发包人权利的人。项目经理:是指由承包人任命并派驻施工现场,在承包人授权范围内负责合同履行,且按照法律规定具有相应资格的项目负责人。(建设工程施工合同(示范文本)(GF—2017—0201),1.1.2)
试译 :“Construction Project Management Enterprise” means the corporation or other legal entity named in the Particular Conditions who is entrusted by the Employer to perform the project management in accordance with law. “Chief Project Management Engineer” means the chief person appointed to the Site in charge of project management.“Employer’s Representative” means the person appointed by the Employer to the Site to exercise the Employer’s right as authorized.“Contractor’s Project Manager” means the person who was appointed by the Contractor to the Site in charge of performing the Contract as authorized, and has the corresponding qualification as required by law.
点评
1.首先,两个合同文本中Persons或“其他相关方”都不限于例子中所列人员。FIDIC文本还定义了Employer’s Personnel业主人员、Contractor’s Personnel承包商人员、Subcontractor分包商和DAB (Dispute Adjudication Board)争端裁决委员会等。中国文本中还定义了设计人Designer和分包人Subcontractor。切记,这些人都不是合同的当事人,他们只是当事人履行合同的具体人员,或者是可能牵涉到的合同外第三人。
2.根据FIDIC文本定义条款引言中的Words indicating persons or parties include corporations and other legal entities, except where the context requires otherwise,即除非上下文另有要求,表示人或当事人的词语包括法人和其他法律实体,这样,例1中Engineer就可以包含Corporation法人(或公司)或其他法律实体,这就涵盖了中国实践中的监理公司和监理工程师了。这是为什么本文在例2中选择监理人、总监理工程师、发包人代表等与例1中Engineer相对照的原因。
3.监理和FIDIC文本引入中国以后,Engineer所具有的“监理”身份已被中国实践所接受;中国化了的“监理”除受建设单位(业主)委托提供专业服务的自由属性外,还获得了一定程度的法律强制属性。这使得如何将“监理”译成英文成了问题—常见的翻译有supervision, control和management等。本文从中国引入“监理”是为了引入项目管理Project Management的最初目的出发,将建设工程“监理”直接译成Construction Project Management。本文认为这样翻译恢复了事情的本来面目。
4.这样一来,中国文本中的“项目经理”便不宜直接译成Project Manager或Construction Project Manager了;本文根据“项目经理”在实践中的实际身份,结合例1中Contractor’s Representative承包商代表,将其译成Contractor’s Project Manager,即“承包商的项目经理”,准确、直接,且与“发包人代表”形成对照。在科技文献译介中,我虽主张直译,但直译容易误解时,寻求意译回复本来意思将是很好的救济手段。