童年的烦恼
———《芒果街上的小屋》赏析
2018-01-29文/晓菲
文 /晓 菲
◆原作节选◆
Chapter Four Cathy Queen of Cats
She says,I am the great great grand cousin of the queen of France.She lives upstairs,over there,next door to Joe thebaby-grabber.Keep away from him,she says.He is full of danger.
Benny and Blanca own the corner store.They’re okay except don’t lean on the candycounter.
第四章 猫皇后凯茜
她说,我是法兰西皇后的远远远房表亲。她住在楼上,那边,那个“捉小孩的人”乔的隔壁。离他远点,她告诉我说,他很危险。
街角那家小店是班尼和布兰卡的。他们还蛮好,可只有靠在糖果柜台上时才对你好。
两个像老鼠一样邋遢的女孩住在街对面。你不会想去认识她们的。埃德娜是你家隔壁房子的主人。她过去有幢大得像鲸鱼的房子,可她弟弟把它卖了。他们的妈妈说,别,别呀,千万别卖。我不会的。可后来她一闭眼,他就卖了它。阿莉西娅自从上了大学就傲气起来。她过去挺喜欢我,可现在不了。
Two girlsraggedyas rats live across the street.You don’twantto know them.Edna is the lady who owns the building next to you.She used to own a building big as awhale,but her brother sold it.Their mother said no,no,don’t eversell it.I won’t.And then she closed hereyes and he sold it.Alicia is stuck-up ever since she went to college.She used to like me but now she doesn’t.
Cathy who is queen of cats has cats and cats and cats.Baby cats,big cats,skinnycats,sick cats.Cats asleep like littledonuts.Cats on top of the refrigerator.Cats taking a walk on the dinner table.Her house is like cat heaven.
You want a friend,she says.Okay,I’ll be yourfriend.Butonly tillnextTuesday.That’s when we move away.Got to.Then as if she forgot Ijustmoved in,she says the neighborhood is getting bad.
Cathy’s father will have to fly to France one day and find her great great distant grand cousin on her father’s side andinheritthe family house.How do I know this is so?She told me so.In the meantime they’ll just have to move a little farther north from Mango Street,a little farther away every time people like us keep moving in.
Chapter Five A House of My Own
Not a flat.Not an apartment in back.Not a man’s house.Not a daddy’s.A house all my own.With myporchand my pillow,my pretty purplepetunias.My books and my stories.My two shoes waiting beside the bed.Nobody to shake a stick at.Nobody’sgarbageto pick up after.Only a house quiet as snow,a space for myself to go,clean as paper before the poem.
Chapter Six The House on Mango Street I
猫皇后凯茜养了好多好多猫。猫宝宝、大个猫、瘦猫、病猫。睡姿像个面包圈的猫。爬到冰箱顶上的猫。在餐桌上散步的猫。她的房子就像个猫天堂。
你想要个朋友。她说,好的,我会做你的朋友,可只能做到下星期二,那时我们就得搬走了,不得不搬了。然后,她似乎忘了我才搬进来,说,这个社区的人越来越杂了。
凯茜的父亲有一天会要飞到法国去,找到远方的、她父亲那边的远远远房表亲,去继承家宅。我是怎么知道这些的呢?是她告诉我的。同时,他们要从芒果街向北面搬迁,离开这里一点路,在每次像我们这样的人家不断搬进来的时候。
第五章 我自己的房子
不是小公寓。也不是阴面的大公寓。也不是哪个男人的房子。也不是爸爸的房子。是完完全全属于我自己的。那里有我的前廊、我的枕头,我漂亮的紫色矮牵牛。我的书和我的故事。我的两只等在床边的鞋。不用和谁去作对。没有别人扔下的垃圾要拾起。只是一所寂静如雪的房子,一个自己归去的空间,洁净如同诗笔未落的纸。
第六章 芒果街上的小屋1
我们先前不住芒果街。先前我们住鲁密斯的三楼。再先前我们住基勒,基勒再往前是波莱纳,再前面,我就不记得了。我记得最清楚的是,搬了好多次家。似乎每搬一次,我们就多出一个人。搬到芒果街时,我们有了六个——妈妈、爸爸、卡洛斯、奇奇、妹妹蕾妮和我。
We didn’t always live on Mango Street.Before that we lived on Loomis on the third floor,and before that we lived on Keeler.Before Keeler it was Paulina,and before that I can’t remember.Butwhat I remember most is moving a lot.Each time it seemed there’d be one more of us.By the time we got to Mango Street we were six——Mama,Papa,Carlos,Kiki,my sister Nenny and me.
The house on Mango Street is ours,and we don’t have to pay rent to anybody,or share the yard with the people down stairs,orbe careful not to make too much noise,and there isn’t alandlord bangingon the ceiling with abroom.Buteven so,it’s notthe house we’d thought we’d get.
We had to leave the flat on Loomis quick.The water pipes broke and the landlord wouldn’t fix them because the house was too old.We had to leave fast.We were using the washroom next door and carrying water over in empty milkgallons.That’s why Mama and Papa looked for a house,and that’s why we moved into the house on Mango Street,far away,on the other side of town.
Chapter Seven The House on Mango Street II
They always told us that one day we would move into a house,a real that would be ours for always so we wouldn’t have to move each year.And our house would have running water and pipes that worked.And inside it would have real stairs,not hallway stairs,but stairs inside like the house on T.V.And we’d have a basement and at least three washrooms so when we took a bath we wouldn’t have to tell everybody.
Our house would be white with trees around it,a great big yard and grass growing without a fence.This was the house Papa talked about when he held a lottery ticket and this was the house Mama dreamed up in the stories she told us before we went to bed.
芒果街上的小屋是我们的,我们不用交房租给任何人,或者和楼下的人合用一个院子,或者小心翼翼别弄出太多的声响,这里也没有拿扫帚猛敲天花板的房东。可就算这样,它也不是我们原以为自己可以得到的那种房子。
我们得赶紧搬出鲁密斯的公寓。水管破了,房东不愿意修理,因为房子太老。我们得快快离开。我们借用着邻居的卫生间,用空的牛奶壶把水装过来。这就是为什么爸妈要找房子,这就是为什么我们搬进了芒果街上的小屋,远远的,从城市的那一边。
第七章 芒果街上的小屋2
他们一直对我们说,有一天,我们会搬进一所房子,一所真正的大屋,永远属于我们,那样我们就不用每年搬家了。我们的房子会有自来水和好用的水管。里面还有真正的楼梯,不是门厅台阶,而是像电视上的房子里那样的楼梯。我们会有一个地下室和至少三个卫生间,那样洗澡的时间就不用告诉每个人。
我们的房子会是白色的,四周是树木,还有一个很大的院子,草儿生长着,没有篱笆把他们圈起来。这是爸爸手握彩票时提到的房子,这是妈妈在给我们讲的睡前故事里幻想着的房子。
◆赏析◆
窗外没有人经过,但吵闹的声音却从未停止。春天的雨、夏天的蝉、秋天的落叶、冬天的雪花,一年四季里任何轻微的碰撞,都被填进了整个日记本。这似乎是每一位爱读书的孩子童年必经的阶段,擅长把身边细微的变化深掘出来,再一一呈现在笔下。美国作家桑德拉·希斯内罗丝更是抵达了寻常人无法逾越的境界,因为她的童年充斥着敏感和忧郁、居无定所的迷茫,以及新移民所经历的歧视和疾苦。
作者桑德拉的父母都是从墨西哥移民到美国的后裔,所以她从小便跟随家人居无定所地漂泊在异国他乡,最终选择在“芒果街”这个拉美移民聚集的社区定居。本期推荐的《芒果街上的小屋》(TheHouseon Mango Street),则是桑德拉对自己童年生活最真实的写照。初读第一遍,你感受更多的可能只是主人公渴望被社区认可,渴望融入新环境,更渴望拥有属于自己小屋的心路历程。但细细品味,却发现原来桑德拉的抱负远不止眼前的小期待。她用文字的力量让人们重新审视拉美民族的地位,昭示了社会各阶层的不公平待遇,并揭示了妇女社会地位低下的残酷现实。
作品用44个看似独立的小章节,将记忆里的零碎片段串联成了44首长长短短的诗歌。这些跳动起伏的音符,谱写出一段布满泥泞的青春岁月,蕴藏着记忆里的欢乐和心酸,比如对贫苦生活的无可奈何,更有着对知识改变命运的信仰。
笔者从未想到,在看似漫不经心的孩童日记里,还能孕育着如此温柔、明亮的憧憬。难怪该书自1984年出版以来,便在当时高度重视族裔问题的文化氛围里,引起不小的轰动和争论。而文中别具风味的诗化小说风格,将诗歌的艺术性融合在小说的特性里,让读者能顷刻抵达作者的内心世界。所以,《芒果街上的小屋》出版后,在美国的文学界也引起轩然大波,极大地推动了美国后现代主义文学的发展。
本期节选的几个章节反反复复提到了主人公日思夜想的“房子”。这个房子能放下舒适的床,能收藏自己全部的书籍,能种下希望的果树,更重要的是,能够建筑起抵御歧视与不公的壁垒,让全家乃至整个家族都能觉醒起来。孩子们眼里干净而简单的奢望,却折射出浓郁的社会矛盾和偏见。为了实现更完整的自我价值,打破传统的阶级斗争,岂是凭借个人的努力就能实现的?通往自由王国之路崎岖而艰辛,主人公没有放弃期待,作者亦是。收起行囊,满载书籍,走出芒果街,不仅仅只是为了改变个人的命运。虽有着对故土的不舍与牵挂,却是一条无可逃避之路,因为这条路抵达的终点太多太多,为实现拉美女性的自我救赎,为提高民族地位,为了让全世界认可芒果街……至少在作者桑德拉看来,这些都是自己义不容辞的责任,而她也用毕生的努力将其一一实现了。
原来,曾经的出走,只是为了他日更辉煌地归来。
1.baby-grabber n.捉小孩的人 2.counter n.柜台 3.raggedy adj.破烂的
4.whale n.鲸鱼 5.stuck-up adj.高傲的 6.donut n.面包圈
7.inherit v.继承 8.porch n.前廊 9.petunia n.矮牵牛花
10.garbage n.垃圾 11.landlord n.房东 12.bang v.猛撞
13.broom n.扫帚 14.gallon n.加仑