九离城

九离城

Jiuli Garden City

引子

现在是2016年7月,来自也门塞巴泰因沙漠上的希巴姆古城的难民为逃离战乱,坐船沿着海上古丝绸之路向东方逃亡. 刚开始他们想逃亡到印度,但是由于导航(航行)的一个错误,结果他们往更南方行驶,在经过马来西亚和印度尼西亚岛屿间的长长的颠沛流离之后,他们抵达了中国海,然后沿着中国海岸线往东北方向行驶,达到了宁波,过宁波接钱塘江抵达了杭州,他们最终选择在钱塘江的左岸海宁的南部海星小镇驻地居留.他们中的大部分人是手工匠、作家、医生和被称为“沙漠曼哈顿”的希巴姆之城的建造者的后代，希巴姆是一座用生土建造的城市。这些驻留在海星的希巴姆避难者既不懂中文又不了解当地的气候。

几乎与此同时，美国西部发生了核电站爆炸，使得加利福尼亚洲大部分地区无法再适宜居住。于是旧金山的一些精英知识分子、研究人员和前卫的生态环保主义者要求来中国居住。中国政府把他们安置在杭州和上海之间的海星，这这里，他们将和附件的大学建立友谊，建立合作，同时，他们将和当地的居民以及刚刚逃亡来的也门难民共处一村。

中国美院建筑学院的一群研究生在他们导师的带领下决定来海星“混合村”，将之作为毕业设计的“试点”。

synopsis of the research topic

SCENARIO July 2016 by Olivier Greder

July 2016, refugees from Shibam town in Ramlat al-Sab'atayn desert in Yemen flee the war and navigate through Seas in the Oriental direction on the same martime silk road like in the past. They expected to reach India where they wanted to ask for asylium, but due to a navigating error that brough them more to the south, they finally get more and more enthousiastic for cruising.

After a long slalom through Malaysia and the Indonesias Islands they reached the South China Sea from where they get along the cost in the Nord-East direction. When reaching Ningbo they get back up the Qiantan river towards Hangzhou. On the left bank,on a par with Haixing to the south of Haining, they decided there to take up residence. Most of them are handicraftsmans, writers, doctors and from this famous raw-earth town builders descendent. Shibam town is also called Manhattan from the desert. One of them nows the chinese tongue but no one nows the local climatic conditions.

这个项目是在杭州的中国美术学院建筑艺术学院的毕业设计理论框架下发展实施的。根据指导老师Olivier greder 所提出的场景切入：不同背景的人群聚集，居住在一个靠近海宁且临近浙江省钱塘江边的小镇。

在这个毕业设计工作室中，学生要把他们自己作为当地的建筑师，根据当地居民的要求提供其想要的生活环境。现在展示的项目是由九个自愿的极具雄心抱负的学生在一年时间中研究的成果。

Almost in the mean time, a nuclear powerplant accident on the United States west coast has made part of California uninhabitable. Intellectuals,researchers and members of the ecological avant garde from San Fransisco are asking China for asilium. They will be welcomed in the large interland of Shanghai and Hangzhou where they will make friend with their counterparts, with the chinese local government, their population and with the Yemenis refugies.

A group of students volunteers from CAA architecture department decide with their leading instructor to join this populations and dedicate their design graduation year to organize, co-conceive and build together with this community the living envirenmentit needs.Craftmans and farmer from Zhejiang province who still have this knoledge for building with natural materials will also join . The Chinise autorities have generously provide a 16km2 territory located between Haining and Qiantan River not far from the ancient town of Yanguan. The protagonist's adopted approach is similar with a vernacular process, wich offers here particular ways to co-conceive and co-produce their

他们将和居住在这里的所有的人共同观察研究和共同设计建造“新村”，因地因需制宜。一些懂得用自然材料建筑的浙江手工匠也纷纷过来加入他们。当地政府慷慨地给了他们一块面积16平方公里的地，在海宁和钱塘江之间，靠近盐官老城。立即，不同文化的各方人员在当地开始了共同“建设宜居家园”的步伐，以其惊人和特别的方式，以各自的智慧。他们不仅建设家，还要建设他们所需要的，比如禅修所， 办公场所……

这一事件引起了杭州和上海一些居民的好奇，他们决定离开他们当下的城市，来到海星和大家一起建设这个新的城市，最终，大家一起商议决定要建一个大约25000人口的城市，拟于2026年完成建设。

新城将建在所给领地的中心，领地里的运河将承载起运输的功能。城市外围是农村，农村包围城市，农村不仅将提供给城市质量保障的新鲜食品而且也是生产能源之地。农村和城市将“相依为命”，形成一个良性的有效经济生态循环系统，辅以必要的外需输入。这个新城的建设将提供一个供人参考的城市和农村和谐并存和发展的范本，对近两百年来世界上城市的无限扩展的一种思考。城市应该“有限”，而不应“无限”。

这个新城将以什么样的形式和什么样的建筑出现？大家如何居住生活？当下与将来的联系？中国美院建筑学院的这些学生是否还要思考城市和建筑而生的其它问题？

inhabitations, working and social mediation places that corresponds to them.

This phenomenon awakes Shanghai and Hangzhou's inhabitants curiosity, some of them who already aspired to alternative ways of living, involved themself in the co-creation of this town. At list a human communuity of around 25,000 inhabitants will be founded in 2026.

The town is delimited by the existing canals wich are useful for its fulfilment. It has been founded neerly in the midle of the territory. The town is from its beginning not destined to expand itself on the fields because one of the adopted rule is about to maintain the equilibrium between the ground occupation and its impacts with preserving the land to support the living conditions and preserve resilient capacitys. This town and fields form a local scale ecosociosystem with tiny needed inputs. This from an other paradigm harmonious town and field relation, fortuitously reapper after more than two hundret years of unconitionnalty worldwide urban expansion.

The synopsis of research ended with followingquestions :

What form will have this town and its architecture ?

How will it be possible to live there ?

Which relations we can imagine with the territories in the future ?

This town and its architecture raise lots of other questions which the students of CAA will be confronted with.

The group of students involved in this project, will prepare and make prospective and projectual inquiry in order to present end of the year the results of this exploration. They will present their architectural interpretation project developed in this graduation design studio at CAA.

The description below is an answear to this main questions.

concepts and corresponding urban issues-DESCRIPTION August 2017

・Research method to generate jiuli town

Following a cross study between Baishizhou urban

参与建设的这群学生将会在一年后给大家呈现他们的观察，思考与实践，奉上他们的毕业之作。我们拭目以待。

研究的概要为以下问题

小镇以什么样的形式和什么样的建筑出现？

village in Shenzhen and Shibam old town in Yemen,the architect's position of multicultural communities guidance has been experimented in the studio.

It has been the place to simulate a guided bottom-up growth process of a town through collaborative work, a holistic method focusing alternatively on management or spontaneity, taking action of one's other work, in common and individually and recreating scenarios of local communities lifestyle.

・Between undetermined spontaneous appropriation and determined framework

The graduation design studio students have been giving inclusive guidance to the emergency of

在其中的生活会是怎么样的？

在未来，与地域会是怎样的关系？

学生将会面对小镇及其建筑带来很多问题。

这个项目中的学生，将会在一学年后呈现他们的观察和研究，思考与实践，奉上他们的毕业之作。

接下来的内容是对以上问题的回应。

概念及相应的城市问题说明（2017年8月）

•生成九离城的研究方法

在白石洲城中村和希巴姆古城的交叉学习中，建筑师对于多元文化社区的立场已经在这个工作室中得到了体验。

在这里通过协同合作，模拟小镇自下而上的生成方式，通过一种全面的研究方法，在总体控制下或自发创造中相互发展，同时关注考虑他人的工作，群体地和个体地再创造当地居民社区生活方式的场景。

•不确定的自发占用与确定的限制框架

毕业设计工作室的学生们一直被指导包括如何处理难民及当地人的紧急情况，以及如何预测一个和谐的可持续发展小镇的生长过程。第一个目标是制定生态系统聚集

situations with refugees and local people as well as how to anticipate the sustainable conditions for a harmonious small town's growing process. The first target was to formulate rules for an ecosociosy stemic agglomeration process and to guarantee the habitableness of dense and highly imbricated elements. It was also a research about how to welcome the undetermined spontaneous appropriation within a determined framework of diversity and inclusive potentials. It is the result of negotiation and contact through different fragments and elements in order to generate something larger in common. Each element is a micro-world which putted end to end are forming a world, away from to the mainstream one.

・Jiuli town has inherent characteristics of an old town or an urban village

The result has been generated through a tension between anticipation and unplaned process of growth, between infrastructural community scale decisions and bottom-up demands. It has the inherent characteristics of an old town and an urban village :integrative forces, ethnic and social diversity, cluster of multi-actors, built density (townFAR2) and 55% foot print, the requested congestion and density of inhabitan's (350/HA), the walkableness of the public space, the human scale (1KM2), the multifuntionnal services distributed everywhere on the ground floor,the diversity of the paths and passages, the high habitableness of the street. Maybe what is different here from an urban-village is the controlled conditions to guarantee microclimates and mediation space and to be a multicultural post-globalisation small town.

A context for new local architecture

It has also been a place to explore what could be considered as the emerging forms of local architecture in an era of globalization. The aspirant architects have tried to synthesize contemporary vernacular architecture in this framework and came up fi rst with its hypothetical characteristics and particularities in accordance with the identified local determinism such as available materials. They integrated the impact of the social and climatic determinisms on the synthesis of new vernacular architecture.

Jiuli town a garden city versus urban village

Considering the dynamics of growth and auto-过程的规则，并保证居住的密集和高度重叠元素。这也是关于如何多样及包容的在一个确定的限制框架内欢迎不确定的自发占用的研究。它是通过不同的片段和元素进行协商和接触的结果，来生成更大层面的共识。每个元素都是一个微型世界，逐渐地形成了一个远离主流的世界。

•九离城有旧城镇或城中村的独特性质

九离城的结果是通过有预期与未规划的相互生长、大尺度社区结构与自下而上的需求而形成的。它拥有旧城镇与城中村的独特性质：一体化，民族和社会多样性，多参与者的聚集，建筑密度（小镇容积率2）和55%建筑占地面积，要求居民居住密度（350人/公顷），公共空间步行化，人的尺度（面积1平方千米），多功能的服务设施分布在一层各处，道路的多样性，街道高度宜居。也许这里与城中村的差别在于它保障了微气候及可调控的空间，成为一个多元文化的后全球化小镇。

本土新建筑的背景

在全球化的时代，这也是一个用来探索新兴本土建筑形式的地方。志愿者建筑师尝试将当代本土建筑与全球化相融合，首先根据当地特色，如本地建筑材料等，明确当地的特殊性。他们还考察了社会和气候因素对新本土建筑的影响。

九离城：城市花园还是城中村？

考虑到本项目的发展与自我管理，它可能以小镇的型态在城市环境中出现，成为城市化的新方式。在我们的案例中，这个镇就是被农村所包围。乐观地估计，在未来，数字革命将来会推进一个地域重组的过程，产生一些能源和粮食自给自足的小型多元文化城市花园。在我们看来，这些地方非常具有吸引力，有许多就业机会和新的生活方式，也可能比目前的城市更具弹性和可持续性。

替代性的城镇和农村规划策略

在数字革命时代，真正融入全球化的网络之后，我们所处的地理位置变得不那么重要。这为我们思考新的生活方式与更宜居的生活环境提供了新思路。这样一来，带有部分乡村保留地的小城镇可以迎来带有当地特色的城镇化发展过程，产生多元文化的社区。

过去几十年来，由于全球化和人口损失造成的经济问题，这些小城镇的质量逐渐下降，失去了吸引力。在如今，这些城市应该重新焕发生机。在我们的案例中，拟定的规划策略在于保持乡镇平衡。例如，通过提高建筑密度来解决乡村里建筑过于分散的问题。

organisation of this project, it could emerge in an urban context and become an alternative way to generate town form in urbanized condition. In our case, the town is in the middle of the countryside. It has been optimistically hypothesized that the digital revolution would in the future lead to a reterritorialization process in favor of small multicultural garden-towns that are self-sufficient in energy and food. In our mind these places could be attractive with economic opportunities and new lifestyles, and they could also be more resilient and sustainable than the current urban areas.An alternative town and countryside planning strategy Under digital revolution epoch, the place where you are has become less determining than your competence or your level of integration in the global-network.

It o ff ers an opportunity to accomplish new live styles and to think about more livable places to be.

Small towns with preserved countryside could welcome spontaneous reterritorialisation process of metropolitan and multicultural community with local actors.

The small towns has been disquali fi ed in the last规划战略还包括保护小镇不受汽车业的过度使用及因之而生的非理性的侵略性的附属基础设施而带来的影响。正因此，这里与主干道不相连。为了解决上述的问题，低碳足迹运输系统如郊区火车、河航运、马或人力推进应受到青睐。

研究过程继续进行

现提出的结果是一种经验生成的”工具”可用于其它的语境和情况。主流大城市结构的回收再使用可能是下一步的研究。

decades.The small towns have lost attractivity due to economic problems under globalisation and demographic losses.

The attractivity of such towns should be redefined, in our times.

In our case, the proposed planning strategy consists in preserving the town and countryside balance. For instance, in preserving and repair the countryside from holes being made in by dispersed constructions and in contrast by building dense and compact urban matrix.The planning strategy consists also in preserving from cars deterritorialisation effects and from their unreasoned intrusive and invasive uses and dedicated infrastructures. That's why here the chosen location is disconnected from main-roads.

In response, low carbon footprint transportation systems like suburban train, canal shipping, horse or human force propulsion should be favoured.

A process of research to be continued

The presented result is a kind of empirically generated prototype of tool to use in other contexts and situation.The recycling of mainstream large urban structure is probably the next step of the research.