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番茄红素对脓毒血症大鼠心肌损伤的影响

2017-12-27,,

皖南医学院学报 2017年5期
关键词:番茄红素毒血症内毒素

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(1.皖南医学院第一附属医院 弋矶山医院 心功能科,安徽 芜湖 241001;2.皖南医学院 a.生理学教研室;b.病理生理学教研室,安徽 芜湖 241002)

·基础医学·

番茄红素对脓毒血症大鼠心肌损伤的影响

杨涛1,姜玉新2a,李伟2b,王国光2b

(1.皖南医学院第一附属医院 弋矶山医院 心功能科,安徽 芜湖 241001;2.皖南医学院 a.生理学教研室;b.病理生理学教研室,安徽 芜湖 241002)

目的:观察番茄红素对脓毒血症大鼠心肌损伤的影响。方法雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组(NOR)、脓毒血症组(SEP)及番茄红素处理组(LYC)。大鼠通过腹腔注射内毒素(20 mg/kg)制备脓毒血症模型,番茄红素处理组大鼠在以番茄红素预处理2 h后腹腔注射内毒素,6 h后,收集血样品及心脏。检测血清炎症细胞因子水平、抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量;观察心肌组织学变化;检测心肌组织炎症调节蛋白磷酸化核因子κB(p-NF-κB)、环氧酶-2(COX-2)的表达。结果与对照组比较,脓毒血症组大鼠血清炎症细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白介素-6(IL-6)及MDA含量升高,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性降低,心肌组织p-NF-κB和COX-2水平升高;番茄红素处理明显降低血清TNF-α和IL-6及MDA含量,提高SOD活性,降低心肌组织p-NF-κB和COX-2表达。形态观察可见脓毒血症组大鼠心肌纤维损伤、排列疏松,番茄红素处理减轻了心肌纤维损伤。结论番茄红素预处理可减轻脓毒血症大鼠的心肌损伤,其机制可能通过下调炎症信号NF-κB/COX-2实现。

番茄红素;脓毒血症;心肌损伤

脓毒血症是由感染引起的炎症失调而导致的全身炎症反应综合征,是临床高致死率的重要原因[1]。研究认为,炎症因子过度释放,在脓毒血症器官损伤中起着重要作用,并影响预后效果[2-4]。心肌是脓毒血症损伤的重要器官,是导致脓毒血病人死亡的重要原因[5]。番茄红素(lycopene)是一种不含氧的类胡萝卜素,广泛存在于番茄等红色水果中[6]。番茄红素有许多重要的生物学功能,研究表明,番茄红素有抗肿瘤及抗氧化等作用[7-9],并且其血清浓度与急性心肌梗死及心源性猝死相关[10-11]。本研究旨在观察番茄红素对脓毒血症大鼠心肌损伤的保护作用。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试剂与器材 番茄红素购自南京泽朗医药科技有限公司(NO. 502-65-8),内毒素(Escherichia coli 0111:B4)为Sigma公司产品,SOD和MDA检测试剂盒为南京建成生物工程研究所生产;TNF-α、IL-6特异度检测试剂盒购自合肥博美生物工程有限公司;β-actin、磷酸化核因子κB(phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B,p-NF-κB)、环氧酶-2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2)及核因子κB(nuclear factor-kappa B,NF-κB)多克隆抗体购自上海生物工程有限公司。

1.2 动物分组与实验方法

1.2.1 实验设计 雄性SD大鼠(体质量260~300 g)购自南京青龙山动物养殖场(许可证号:SCKK2009-0001)。在1周的自由饮水、进食适应后,大鼠被随机分为正常对照组(NOR)、脓毒血症组(SEP)及番茄红素处理组(LYC),每组10只。

1.2.2 动物模型复制 各组大鼠分别以腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠(45 mg/kg)麻醉,番茄红素处理组大鼠通过尾静脉注射番茄红素(50 mg/kg),正常对照及脓毒血症组大鼠尾静脉注射等体积溶剂。2 h后,番茄红素处理组及脓毒血症组大鼠通过腹腔注射内毒素(20 mg/kg),正常对照组大鼠腹腔注射生理盐水。注射6 h后,动脉插管收集血样品,并取心脏分别置于10%甲醛,-80℃保存。

1.2.3 SOD活性及MDA含量检测 血样品离心,取上清液检测血清SOD活性及MDA含量。黄嘌呤氧化酶法检测血清SOD活性,硫代巴比妥酸法检测血清MDA。

1.2.4 炎性因子检测 血清TNF-α、IL-6分别以TNF-α、IL-6特异ELISA试剂盒检测。操作按产品说明书步骤进行。

1.2.5 组织观察 取甲醛中固定的心肌,以石蜡包埋,制作5 μm切片,以苏木素-伊红(H-E)染色后,光学显微镜下观察心肌形态结构的变化。

1.2.6 Western blot 取-80℃保存的心肌置于有预冷组织裂解液的匀浆器中匀浆、裂解,转移至EP管,4℃下,以11 500 r/min转速离心20 min。将含等量蛋白量的上清液稀释至等体积,以10% SDS-PAGE电泳进行分离后,蛋白电泳转至硝酸纤维素膜。膜以5%的脱脂奶粉液封闭,加β-actin、p-NF-κB、COX-2及NF-κB抗体,4℃下杂交过夜,膜以TBS-T清洗后,与Ⅱ抗孵育杂交2 h,洗膜,以DAB显色。

2 结果

2.1 SOD活性及MDA的变化 3组大鼠血清SOD活性比较(F=47.03,P<0.01)及MDA含量比较(F=66.98,P<0.01)变化差异有统计学意义,脓毒血症组大鼠血清SOD活性较正常对照组降低[(183.41±13.60)U/mLvs.(132.23±10.15)U/mL,P<0.01],而MDA升高[(4.06±0.63)nmol/mLvs. (10.72± 1.74)nmol/mL,P<0.01](图1);番茄红素处理组较脓毒血症组SOD活性增强[(132.23±10.15)U/mLvs.(168.06±12.33) U/mL,P<0.01],而MDA含量降低[(10.72±1.74)nmol/mLvs. (7.16±1.24) nmol/mL,P<0.01](图1)。

**P<0.01vs. NOR;##P<0.01vs. SEP。

图1 番茄红素对血清SOD活性和MDA含量的影响

2.2 番茄红素对炎性因子的影响 由图2可知,各组大鼠血清炎性因子TNF-α(F=19.53,P<0.01)及IL-6(F=13.63,P<0.01)变化差异有统计学意义,与对照组比较,脓毒血症组大鼠血清TNF-α和IL-6升高[(190.63±10.84 )ng/Lvs. (231.14±18.48) ng/L,(26.41±2.28) ng/Lvs. (32.91±3.15) ng/L,P<0.01];番茄红素预处理较脓毒血症组血清TNF-α和IL-6水平降低[(231.14±18.48) ng/Lvs. (193.28±13.12) ng/L,(32.91±3.15) ng/Lvs. (27.60±2.45) ng/L,P<0.01]。

**P<0.01vs. NOR;##P<0.01vs. SEP。

图2 番茄红素对血清炎性因子的影响

2.3 组织学变化 对照组大鼠心肌排列规则且紧密;内毒素处理使大鼠心肌纤维断裂而出现空泡化,破坏心肌纤维排列使其疏松,心肌有炎症细胞浸润;番茄红素预处理改善心肌纤维排列,减轻心肌损伤。见图3。

图3 心肌形态学变化

2.4 番茄红素对p-NF-κB和COX-2表达的影响 各组大鼠心肌p-NF-κB及COX-2表达差异有统计学意义,内毒素处理明显提高脓毒血症组大鼠心肌p-NF-κB、COX-2表达;番茄红素预处理降低内毒素诱导p-NF-κB、COX-2表达。见图4。

图4 番茄红素对心肌p-NF-κB和COX-2表达的影响

3 讨论

脓毒血症是由各种病原菌侵袭入血引起感染并释放毒素(如内毒素)而导致的过度全身炎症反应[12-13]。由于感染使炎性细胞激活释放大量的炎症因子,进而使炎症反应瀑布式爆发,累及全身组织器官,导致组织器官功能受损,心肌损伤而引起心功能障碍是脓毒血症常见的并发症,是脓毒血症高病死率的重要因素[14]。

内毒素在脓毒血症心肌损伤中起着非常重要的作用[15]。研究表明,感染时,大量释放的内毒素与膜表面Toll样受体(toll-like receptors,TLRs)结合,激活细胞内炎症信号,促进炎性细胞因子的表达和释放[16]。作为炎症标志物的TNF-α、IL-6及IL-1β是重要的炎性介质,在脓毒血症血清中升高[17]。这些炎性细胞因子参与脓毒血症的器官损伤作用,如TNF-α可作用于心肌,使心肌纤维发生损伤[18]。番茄红素是抗氧化作用最强的类胡萝卜素,近年研究显示,其还可抑制胆固醇的合成及增强机体免疫力[19-20]。本研究结果表明,注射内毒素大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-6水平升高,番茄红素预处理降低TNF-α、IL-6水平。NF-κB被内毒素激活,进而激活COX-2,NF-κB/ COX-2信号通路通过激活炎性细胞转录因子促进炎性介质的表达[16]。番茄红素预处理明显抑制COX-2及NF-κB的激活。结果提示番茄红素可能通过抑制NF-κB/COX-2信号降低炎性细胞因子释放而发挥抗炎作用。

脓毒血症释放的内毒素增加活性氧及自由基的产生,是脓毒血症器官损伤的重要环节。研究显示内毒素引起的炎症反应可诱发氧化应激,而氧化应激加强炎症反应[21]。因此,提高机体的抗氧化作用,有利于降低炎症反应及减轻组织损伤。作为抗氧化作用最强的类胡萝卜素,番茄红素降低血清MDA水平及SOD活性。结果表明,番茄红素可降低内毒素引起的氧化应激反应。

综上所述,番茄红素可减轻脓毒血症大鼠的心肌损伤,其作用机制可能是通过抑制NF-κB/COX-2信号,降低炎症反应而发挥作用,详细机制尚需进一步的研究。

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Effectsoflycopeneonmyocardialinjuryinratswithsepsis

YANGTao,JIANGYuxin,LIWei,WANGGuoguang

Department of Cardiac Function Test,The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College,Wuhu 241001,China

Objective:To investigate the effects of lycopene on myocardial injury in rats with sepsis.Methods:Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to three groups:normal control (NOR),sepsis model (SEP),and lycopene treatment (LYC). Rat models of sepsis were induced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS,20 mg/Kg). Rats in LYC group were pre-treated with lycopene for 2 h,followed by intraperitoneal use of LPS. Then blood samples and hearts were collected 6 h after LPS treatment. Levels of inflammatory cytokines,including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6),superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity,and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in serum were determined. Levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (p-NF-κB) in myocardial tissues were measured with Western blot. Myocardial tissues were processed for histological examination.Results:Compared with NOR,serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6,MDA content were significantly increased in SEP,yet SOD activity was decreased. LPS significantly led to increase of p-NF-κB and COX-2 expression in myocardial tissues,whereas lycopene pretreatment resulted in significantly decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines,and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in serum. Expressions of p-NF-κB and COX-2 in myocadial tissues were significantly decreased by lycopene. Morphological analysis indicated that lycopene was capable of alleviating the myocardial injury.Conclusion:Lycopene may protect the rats of sepsis from myocardial injury. The potential mechanisms may be associated with down regulation of the signaling of inflammatory cytokines(NF-κB/COX-2).

lycopene;sepsis;myocardial injury

1002-0217(2017)05-0-0413-04

国家自然科学基金项目(81671586)

2017-02-20

杨 涛(1986-),男,住院医师,(电话)15855995768,(电子信箱)tt520cg@126.com;王国光,男,教授,硕士生导师,(电子信箱)guoguangw1226@sina.com,通信作者。

R 285.5;R 459.7

A

10.3969/j.issn.1002-0217.2017.05.002

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