剪出心中美丽的梦

舒姝

初秋周日的午后，杭州小营街道梅花碑社区门口的巧手工作室内人头攒动，鲁立清正在教小朋友们剪纸，他引人入胜的解说徐徐打开了剪纸艺术世界的大门。不到半小时，孩子们的作品跃然纸上，虽然是简单的一个“囍”字，孩子们脸上惊喜和雀跃溢于言表。“这是我们老祖宗的东西，不能丢。”鲁立清每周末都会在工作室免费教小朋友甚至是大朋友剪纸，今年暑假他的工作室走出了400多位学生，有的还将剪纸艺术带到了海外。

匠心献礼十九大

鲁立清是一位新杭州人，老家在“杂技之乡”河北吴桥，民间艺术的这股血液与生俱来。早在1995年，他就获得由联合国教科文组织授予的“民间工艺美术家”称号，出访文莱，给苏丹国王现场表演，享誉国内外。

步入鲁立清的工作室，宛若步入一处民间手工艺术的世界，墙上挂满了各式各样的剪纸作品，美不胜收。鲁立清是吹糖人出身，又自学剪纸、面塑、皮影戏等，妻子王玉枝也是一位剪纸艺术好手，儿子鲁兵是一名杂技演员，名副其实的艺人之家。去年他家和全国300多户家庭一起，获得了首届全国文明家庭的称号，这也是杭州唯一一户获得此殊荣的家庭。

党的十九大召开前夕，鲁立清、王玉枝夫妇精心制作了剪纸作品，并寄去贺信，代表所有从事民间艺术的工作者，祝愿伟大祖国国泰民安。穿着传统中式服装的鲁立清小心翼翼地打开卷轴，巨幅剪纸作品上，祥云与和平鸽寓意中国人民爱好和平，巧妙嵌入了高铁、航天、“一带一路”等诸多元素，飞驰而过的“和谐号”动车组在纸面上栩栩如生，象征国泰民安的元素和谐又自然地围绕在习近平总书记身边。整幅作品耗时半年之久，创意构思就长达3个月，鲁立清深切感受到这五年来中国的发展与变化，然而要把欣欣向荣的变化展现在一幅作品上并非易事。

缘定杭州

相传，吹糖人的祖师爷是刘伯温，至今已有600多年历史。据说，朱元璋为保住自己的皇位，造“功臣閣”火烧功臣。侥幸逃脱的刘伯温，被挑糖担子的老人救下，从此，刘伯温隐姓埋名，挑着担子走街串巷。卖糖路上，刘伯温创造性地把糖加热后做成糖人。这门手艺一传十、十传百，传到现在。

在杭州的河坊街，如果你碰巧撞见一位老艺人，穿着灰大褂，挑着木箱子，带着剔透玲珑的糖人走街串巷。那人一定是“糖人鲁”。鲁立清吹着糖，从北方一直走到江南，甚至还走到国外，最后把杭州作为沉淀技艺的地方。

谈起情定杭州，鲁立清直呼“缘分”。1999年，鲁立清跟随河北当地文化团，来杭州宋城参加例行表演，独特的吹糖技艺吸引大批观众驻足。就这样，鲁立清吹着糖留在了杭州。2004年，河坊街开街，鲁立清当选为河坊街民间艺人协会会长。此后，“糖人鲁”再也没有离开过杭州。

情系民间艺术传承

说起中国的传统艺术，想来大家都不陌生，捏泥塑、吹糖人、剪纸、杂技等，随随便便就能报上来几个。像鲁立清一样怀着一身绝活儿的传统艺人，曾经走南闯北面临生存压力。时过境迁，吹糖剪纸早已不再是一门养家糊口的手艺，更多地承载着人们儿时的温暖回忆。

如今的鲁立清，把传承民间艺术视为事业的全部，他更关心的是民间艺术将来的发展。老手艺人，仍有着一份倔强和执着的坚持。他想出了许多保护和促进传统民间艺术传承和发展的方法。

他不仅手把手带出15个徒弟，这些徒弟如今已走出浙江，走到山东、安徽等地；还利用清河坊街区这个展示、交流的平台，向市民、游客展示各类传统手工绝活。河坊街聚有40多位天南地北的民间艺人，刺绣、蛋雕、捏面人、剪纸、拉洋片，样样俱全。民间艺人们除了平时各自“蹲守”在河坊街一隅修炼手艺，还经常组团去授课。

2014年10月，鲁立清在小营街道梅花碑社区的最美一条街成立了巧手工作室，还把出身剪纸工艺世家的老伴，拉到工作室。自此，他们的民间艺术传承与发展之路又有了新突破。两位把剪纸、皮影戏等的表演与教学，带进学校和社区，让更多“00后”感受到地道的民俗文化。有时，甚至自己贴钱，走进学校，教孩子们剪纸、竹编等手工艺制作；大众舞台上也经常出现他们的身影……用鲁立清的话来说，中国民间艺术是一座宝库，有着无穷无尽的迷人魅力，值得传承和延续。他选择通过现场表演、教学等形式走近、回归民间，效果会比放在博物馆展示好得多。2016年，在杭州G20峰会期间，鲁立清向外国友人展示民间绝活，教了数不清的“洋徒弟”。“民间艺术作品放在博物馆里展示是静态的，缺乏生机；通过现场表演和教学，让民间艺术贴近人们的生活，作品就变得鲜活。传承非遗任重道远，希望更多人呵护民间艺术之花。”鲁立清的眼中充满了希冀。

Some of our old traditions are irretrievably lost， but the paper-cutting studio at Meihuabei， Xiaoying Community in Hangzhou is always sizzling with the passion of people who believe in and celebrate tradition， and strive to recreate. Lu Liqing and his wife operate the studio.

Now living in Hangzhou， Lu Liqing has his ancestral roots in Wuqiao， Hebei Province， famed for its acrobatic tradition. He won the Folk Artist accolade from the UNESCO in 1995， and before settling down in Hangzhou he had visited Brunei and Sudan， where his paper-cutting won the applauses from the King.endprint

Before the 19th CPC National Congress， the couple created a cycle of works presenting the world-shaking changes that have taken place in China over the past five years to celebrate the 19th CPC National Congress. The creation took the couple more than six months to complete.

Before turning to paper-cutting， Lu Liqing was a sugar figurine artist. This traditional Chinese form of folk art， using hot， liquid sugar to create three-dimensional figures， has a history of more than 600 years. These fragile， plump figures have a distinct brownish-yellow color， usually with yellow or green pigment added.

Similar to the trade of producing sugar paintings， this art form has been practiced in public places for hundreds of years and can still be seen today. Lu Liqing is one of the most avid inheritors of the tradition. Traditionally， artists set up their point of production and sale in areas such as markets， and outside schools， as sugar figures appeal to children. These days， sugar-figurine makers appear most at tourism destinations.

Lu Liqing settled down in Hangzhou in 1999， the year he came to the city for a routine performance in the Song Town， a huge tourist attraction. His sugar figurines drew a huge crowd and made everyones eyes pop out. He decided to stay. When Hefang Street was launched in 2004， Lu Liqing became the chair of the Hefang Street Folk Artisans Association.

During old days when business was bad， artists would accept metal scraps， broken shoes， old clothing， and notably， toothpaste as payment for their sugar figurines. After all， these objects could be resold for cash. Children would often scavenge for these items in order to purchase a candy figurine. Having to eke out a living by blowing sugar figurines is now history. For Lu Liqing， the sugar dragons， roosters and pigs are the embodiment of a treasure trove of endangered ‘species – embroidery， egg decorating， dough figurine， paper-cutting， and peepshow.

Lu Liqing has passed on his stunts to 15 apprentices， who have traveled across Zhejiang and to many other places such as Shandong and Anhui provinces to promote traditional Chinese folk crafts. At present， over 40 folk artists from all over the country are working in Hefang Street in Hangzhou.

Lus handcraft studio at Meihuabei opened in October of 2014. Since then Lu Liqing and his wife Wang Yuzhi， who is from a paper-cutting family， have been doing what they can to bring ‘tradition into the life of the younger generations. The studio works closely with local schools and residential communities， using money from the couples own pocket to purchase materials. In the summer 2017， over 400 students graduated from courses at the studio.

“The magic and value of Chinese folk arts and crafts can never be overestimated，” Lu Liqing says. “The most effective protection of the cultural treasures is not exhibition in museums， but to bring them back into peoples everyday life. Only through on-the-spot demonstration and hands-on teaching can the essence of the arts and crafts be shared and better understood. Made tangible， culture will take root and maintain its vitality.” During the Hangzhou G20 Summit in 2016， Lu Liqing shared his sugar blowing and paper-cutting stunts with foreign visitors.endprint