庞云泰：我为家族迁徙编家谱

孙侃

杭州的城中村改造工程正如火如荼。按照城中村改造方案，至2020年，杭州主城区的246个村将华丽转身为“配套完善、生活便利、环境优美、管理有序”的“都市新区”。庞云泰，一位出生于1954年的杭州铁路系统职工，他精心编印的家谱，正是通过家族迁徙史，折射出这场史无前例的城市嬗变，成为一份社会变迁和发展的珍贵记录。

曾祖父留下的老四合院曾是家族骄傲

包括庞云泰在内的庞家，向来是个大家族，原先居住在今杭州市下城区文晖街道尧典桥。尧典桥是个具有千年历史的杭州郊外古镇，以织绸闻名四乡。庞云泰的曾祖父庞盛鼎创办织绸作坊，所生产的“庞盛鼎”绸缎质量可靠，当年在杭州各个绸缎收购行是免检的，其品牌与“都锦生”属同一个档次。发家后，庞盛鼎在尧典桥建起了一座颇具规模的四合院，其中有9椽正屋六大间，三大间各放了一台织绸机，另三大间里设了厅堂、卧房等。由于尧典桥紧靠沪杭铁路，作为战略要冲的165号铁路桥就在古镇边上。抗战时期，古镇难逃战火厄运，庞盛鼎及后人不得不暂时把它拆除，房梁椽子都编上号，藏在别处，直至新中国成立后的1951年，又在尧典桥老宅基地上重建。

“可以说，这栋老四合院是我们家族的骄傲，我母亲等庞氏家族的很多人都在这房子里长大。所以到了1976年，当老四合院已经破旧，为了改善居住条件，我们不得不拆了这栋房子，但依然把它的部分房梁椽子用上。”庞云泰告诉笔者，那部庞氏家谱的重点内容，正是围绕着这栋四合院而展开。

1975年，为了艮山门铁路编组站扩建，尧典桥的1000亩土地被征用，庞云泰和他的母亲、妻子、大妹妹陆续以土地征用工的身份进入了铁路系统，父亲则进了杭州缝纫机厂。但他们的私房仍在农村，与土地的关系依然密切。次年，23岁的庞云泰第一次自建了住房，且是两层小楼，建房时的图纸还是他自己设计的。

这样一栋两层楼房，只花了一个月就造好了，因为有亲戚、邻居，甚至村支书等200多个人来帮忙。“虽然只是我们家建房，大家都来帮忙，干活还都不要工钱，吃个饭就行，所以我们家几乎每天都开流水席。”庞云泰愉快地回忆。

一次次征收迁建，怀想和乡愁依然

1986年10月，考虑到两层小楼已显破旧，且地基过低，地面又是用石灰渣等简易铺就的，容易还潮，与双亲同住也相对较挤，庞云泰便把这小楼推倒，用水泥预制板垫高地基，两层楼改建成了三层楼。“这便是我的第二次建房。我爱养花，院子里种了40多种花木，连小游泳池上方也有一个花坛，春天时迎春花从上面挂下来，煞是好看。我还垒了个被我命名为‘邀月坛的土台，每当月圆之时，坐在那儿赏月，很有诗意。”

城市发展速度极快，离市中心相对偏僻的尧典桥一带，也愈发热闹起来，很多外来打工者纷纷在此租房。庞家看准了这一时机，利用后院的200多平方米空地，建起了一排两层的辅助用房，主要用于出租，这算是庞云泰的第三次建房了。

然而到了1998年下半年，尧典桥一带又要征地了。原来城站扩建需要拆迁，那边的拆迁户将安置到三里亭，三里亭就要造小区，而尧典桥与三里亭小区南区只有一路之隔，包括庞家在内的13户人家得搬迁。“我们家里很多人都是铁路系统的，这回征迁还与铁路建设工程有关，我们当然得无条件配合。记得那天晚上，我刚想着去说服母亲，她反而对我说，要拆房的事你不用说了，我说不定比你还明白道理。”面对顾全大局、深明大义的母亲，庞云泰唯有佩服。

重新安排的宅基地距刚拆的房子只150米左右。为了尽早交房交地，庞云泰又自己动手设计图纸，快快筹划建房，于1999年完成了第四次建房。与前几次建房不同，那完全是一栋别墅式的农居房，包括那个半地下室在内，一共有五层。餐厅有30多个平方，卧室、客厅就更大了，屋前还有七八十平方米院子。考虑到自用和出租两个功能，他特意设计了室外分叉式楼梯，以使自用部分与出租部分合理分开。没想到，这栋他“设计建造得最完美的五层农家别墅”只居住了3年左右，又因三里亭小区北区建设之需，在2003年被征收和拆除。

“腾空拆除的前一天，我母亲独自来到4楼那间带阳台的大客厅，这是这栋楼最漂亮的地方，呆呆地在沙发上坐了三个小时，一声不吭。我上楼去看她，她也没有理我，只是不停地叹息。花了巨大心血建造的房子就要被拆掉，心疼是人之常情。我还知道母亲呆坐的另外一个原因，是要离开尧典桥了。前面几回我们建房拆房，终归是在祖居地，现在就要彻底与故土告别，对老人来说更加难舍。”庞云泰对笔者說，或许就是在看着呆坐在那儿的母亲之时，他心里涌起了编写一本尧典桥庞家家谱的念头。

城中村改造换来村庄重生和城市发展

离开尧典桥祖居地之后，庞家被安置在文晖街道胜利社区长木桥附近的蚕庙里，蚕庙里与尧典桥虽同属一个行政村，却相距较远，中间还隔着沪杭铁路、德胜高架，在好多人心目中，它们几乎就是两个地方。“在蚕庙里建房，便是我的第五次建房了。尽管由于地块等因素，没有建得像尧典桥五层别墅那样豪华漂亮，但舒适度和美观度还是很高的。我由于再次发挥了精心设计、精打细算的专长，建了房后，补偿过渡费还多出50万。我们买了一辆宝来轿车，还买了30万左右的某银行原始股。这原始股如今已涨了很多倍，说我们家已经进入了小康社会，那是肯定的，而且已是高水平的小康社会了。”庞云泰笑言。

接下来的拆迁经历，就是这回的全杭州城中村改造了，所有农居房都得拆迁改造，包括蚕庙里自然村在内的长木桥、沈家、草庵三个行政村列入了2017年下城区“三村改造”范围。可这一回，庞家上下特别能接受这一现实，一是因为这次城中村改造、房屋征收的补偿政策特别优惠，把征迁户的困难都考虑到了，工作做得也非常暖心；二是大家多多少少也有预感，蚕庙里的这栋房子已建了10多年了，比前面几栋用的时间都要长，征迁在情理之中。endprint

事实上，对这次杭州城中村改造，农居房主人们普遍支持。虽然农居房的面积相对较大，多余的房间可以拿来出租，很多人的出租房收益还很不错，但城中村毕竟不符合城市发展趋势，也有碍生活品质的提升。“G20杭州峰会前夕，我参加了村党支部组织的卫生整治义务劳动，光是从蚕庙里清理出来的破家具，就堆了几大堆……城市化改造如同凤凰涅槃，没有这痛苦的蜕变，哪来重生和发展？”庞云泰深有感触。

在40多年的时间里，庞云泰经历了三次征迁、五次建房，还不包括回迁房安置，私房建造迁徙之频繁，这样的经历或许在全杭州也是罕有的。他的故事是杭州城市迅猛发展的缩影，城中村改造的历程也值得载入城市发展史册，而对他个人来说，他想記载下来、留给后辈的，则是家族的繁衍、变迁、发展史，尤其是记录下庞家这几十年的居址迁徙、拆迁建房过程，庞氏家族在新时代的奋斗和奉献精神，这绝对是有意义的。

自编家谱只是为了记录珍贵历史

前文已有所述，早在10多年前，庞云泰就已萌生编一部庞氏家谱的想法，并着手收集相关资料。2014年从铁路工作岗位退休后，他便有更多的时间用于收集和整理资料。这部家谱的重点是尧典桥时期前后的家族史。从清朝道光年间，原先住在杭州城东鲤鱼堂（今机神村）的祖先庞去原，去艮山门外尧典桥一带割野菜，与当地方家女儿相识，两人成婚后庞去原移居至尧典桥，到2003年因房屋征迁，庞家搬离，庞氏家族在尧典桥繁衍生息近170年。尧典桥的老四合院没了，连蚕庙里的房子都拆了，原先住在一起的家族也渐渐分散了，编家谱的事情就更急、更有必要了。

编家谱可不是一件轻松的事，庞云泰笑着对笔者说，这比我以前在铁路上扳轨道、跳火车，以及核算账目不见得容易，必须极其耐心。他听母亲和小爷爷、堂叔等长辈一点点回忆以前的事，哪怕片言只语也不放过。40多年没联系的庞家亲戚都被他一个个重新联系上，还要掘地三尺般查找珍贵资料，“更要弄清楚的是每个家族成员的姓名、出生年月、辈份、关系和主要成就，每件大事也都要写清楚来龙去脉。家谱记载有误，怎能留给后人？”

这部《杭州尧典桥庞家家谱》终于在2017年9月编印完成，虽与正规的家谱相比，在体例等方面有所差异，还是家族内部印刷收藏的，但家族成员们认为，它与庞氏家族的特点是相符的。在结构上，它分为序言、庞姓起源、庞氏文稿集、庞氏世系人物介绍、庞氏家谱目录、庞氏家传等12个部分；在内容上，记录了尧典桥庞氏前后八代150余人、近170年的家族迁徙、变化和发展，还插入了不少手绘地图等图表。7万多字，200多页，每一个字、每一页都凝聚了庞云泰和亲戚们的心血，凝聚了对先辈的尊崇、对家族的挚爱，对后人的期望。

如今，先前的尧典里那一片早已成了环境优美的居民小区，蚕庙里一带的农居房也已拆平，庞云泰来到那里，看到的只有瓦砾，和盖在瓦砾上的篷布。据说过不了多久，大型建筑设备就将在此出现，宽阔的道路、漂亮的公园、舒适的居民小区的落成指日可待。城市的发展越来越快，这很鼓舞人心。庞云泰反复对笔者说，过分恋旧是没必要的，但保留一份昔日的怀想、一份乡愁，依然是一件值得做的事。就像他现在经常打开家谱、打开相册，一遍遍细看记录了五次建房历史的珍贵照片，心里涌起的是感慨和自豪。

Pang Yuntai， a retiree who used to work for the citys railway system， has kept a complete file of the houses his family has owned and built over the past decades and put together a family pedigree. The pedigree， in over 200 pages and 70，000 words and some manually made maps and charts， not only relates the family tree featuring the 150 plus members of the Pang family in eight generations that lived in Yaodianqiao， Hangzhou in the past 170 years， but also chronicles the citys major changes the family has witnessed.

The Pang family lived at Yaodianqiao， an ancient town in rural Hangzhou for a long time. Now a part of downtown Hangzhou， Yaodianqiao used to be a silk production center. Pang Yuntais great grandfather operated a silk-weaving business and made a fortune. He built a spacious courtyard house. During Chinas resistance war against Japanese aggression， the family had to dismantle the house brick by brick， as the house was situated near Number 165 Iron Bridge on Hangzhou-Shanghai railroad， a strategic location. All the wood building blocks were numbered and stored in a hiding place. It was not until 1951， two years after the founding of the Peoples Republic of China， that the courtyard residence was rebuilt again on the original site.endprint

In 1975， 22-year-old Pang Yuntai experienced the first urban sprawl of Hangzhou that had an impact on his life. The Genshan Gate Railway Station， a freight depot， expanded. Part of Yaodianqiao was requisitioned. Pang Yuntai， his parents， his wife， and his sister got job offers from the government as part of the compensation package. In 1976， the old house was pulled down for the second time and a new two-story house was built on the site. Pang Yuntai designed the whole house. The whole village came to help. It was a happy occasion for everyone in the village. They helped free of charge. The Pang family provided the helpers with free meals.

In October 1986， the house was refurbished. It became a three-story structure. As a railway station worker， he was allowed to purchase cement， leftovers from loading and unloading at the freight depot and accumulated over years by the station. He also built a small swimming pool and a flower garden in the courtyard. As more and more migrant workers came to the city to make a living and need to find someplace to stay， Pang Yuntai built a long two-story house on a 200-m2 plot in the backyard. He rented the space out.

In the second half of 1998， 13 families in Yaodianqiao needed to move and make room for a housing development project to provide new homes for people relocated for the expansion project of the Chengzhan Railway Station. Pang Yuntais family was one of the 13. It was a railway-related project. Pang and her mother understood perfectly. They were willing to move.

A new house site was only about 150 meters from the old site. Pang Yuntai designed the new house. This time， he built a five-story villa-style structure with an 80-m2 front yard.

In 2003， the citys sprawl caught up with him again. This time， her mother was most reluctant to move out. One day before the deadline， her mother walked up to the large sitting room with a big veranda on the fourth floor and sat there sighing for three hours. Pang Yuntai understood. The new house was so good that to dismantle it would be a huge waste. Moreover， this time they would move away from Yaodianqiao， a place where she had been all her adult life and where his ancestors lived. At that sad moment， he first had the idea of putting together a family pedigree for all the Pangs who had lived at Yaodianqiao.

So Pang Yuntai designed and built his fifth house. After the building expenses and costs， he had about 500，000 in cash left from the compensation package. With the money， he bought a car and invested the rest into the initial stocks of a bank.endprint

In 2017， he has been notified of the next relocation. All the village houses surrounded by the fast urbanization will be dismantled for comprehensive redevelopment under the citys general urban planning， which means Yaodianqiao is to cease to exist administratively forever as a rural village. This time， Pang Yuntai and his family most willingly embrace the latest development： they are handsomely compensated and their houses， after all， are old again.

Pang Yuntai retired in 2014. Now he had time to carry out the family pedigree project which had been on his mind for more than ten years. To get information， he talked with his mother， his youngest grandpa， and uncles， and made careful notes. He located those relatives which hadnt been in contact for more than 40 years. He made sure all the information was accurate and clear and complete.

In September 2017， the finalized family pedigree was printed. Copies have been issued to all the Pang families related to Yaodianqiao. Though it does not conform strictly to the usual format of a traditional pedigree， it has everything that pleases the Pang family members and relatives. They agree that the pedigree helps to hold the family together and uphold the virtues that have carried the family forward in the past 170 years.endprint