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橙皮素对异丙基肾上腺素诱导大鼠心衰的保护作用

2017-10-11,,,,

中西医结合心脑血管病杂志 2017年18期
关键词:橙皮左室心肌细胞

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·基础医学论著/研究·

橙皮素对异丙基肾上腺素诱导大鼠心衰的保护作用

曹静1,吕吉元1,张明升2,师锐赞2,冯巧爱3

目的观察橙皮素对大剂量异丙基肾上腺素(ISO)诱导大鼠心衰的保护作用,并探讨其机制。方法将SD大鼠随机分为正常(C)组、橙皮素对照(H)组、异丙基肾上腺素(I)组和橙皮素治疗+I(T)组,I组和T组接受皮下注射大剂量ISO(150 mg/kg),2周后行超声心动图检测。确定造模成功后,H组及T组给予橙皮素(100 mg/kg)灌胃,I组给予等量的溶剂乙醇,连续给药10 d后测定各组大鼠心脏功能包括左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左室射血分数(EF)、左室缩短分数(FS)变化及血清丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、总抗氧化能力(TAOC)的变化,观察各组大鼠心肌的病理变化。结果与C组比较,I组LVEDD变化不大,LVESD值增大、EF、FS降低,氧化应激指标中MDA值升高,SOD、TAOC降低,各指标差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与I组比较,T组大鼠LVEDD无明显变化,LVESD降低,EF、FS升高,血清MDA值降低,SOD、TAOC升高,各指标差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。H组各指标较C组无明显变化。结论橙皮素可能通过减轻氧化应激,降低MDA,升高SOD、TAOC,从而改善心衰大鼠的心脏功能。

心衰;橙皮素;异丙基肾上腺素;氧化应激;大鼠

Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the protective effects and possible mechanisms of hesperetin against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced heart failure (HF) in rats.MethodsForty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups:control group(group C), hesperetin group (group H), isoproterenol group (group I)and H+I group (group T). Rats in group I and group T were subcutaneously injected with ISO (150 mg/kg) once a day for 2 consecutive days.The model was successfully established in heart failure was determined by echocardiography after 2 weeks. Hesperetin was administered at the dosage of 100 mg/kg, po by gavage for a period of 10 days in group H and group T. Cardiac function of all rats including left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESD), left ventricular ejection fractions (EF), left ventricular fractional shortening (FS) was assessed by echocardiography. Collecting serum of all rats, malondialdehyde (MDA),superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) were detected by thiobarbiturieacid colorimetry, WST-1 method and colorimetry method respectively.ResultsThere was not obvious changes of cardiac function in group C and group H. ISO inhibited the cardiac function of rats significantly including LVESD, EF, as well as FS, compared to group C(P<0.05). LVESD was increased while EF and FS were decreased. The level of MDA in group I was significantly higher (P<0.05) while the levels of SOD and TAOC were significantly lower than group C (P<0.05). Hesperetin attenuated the effect of heart failure induced by ISO. Cardiac function of rats including LVESD, EF,as well as FS was improved in group T compared to group I (P<0.05).LVESD was declined, EF and FS were ascended. The level of MDA was significantly lower,the levels of SOD,TAOC in group T were significantly higher than that in group I (P<0.05).ConclusionHesperetin can attenuate ISO-induced heart failure in rats. Its possible mechanisms may be associated with regulating oxidative stress.

Keywords:heart failure;hesperetin;isoproterenol;oxidative stress;rat

目前我国心脏疾病发病率和死亡率仍呈增高趋势,发病人群趋于年轻化,增加了社会经济负担,降低了人群平均寿命。各种心血管疾病的终末阶段即进展成为心衰,治疗效果差,死亡率高[1]。尽管目前症状性心衰的治疗有大量重要的进展,心衰死亡以及心衰相关的花费仍然在持续增加[2]。由于我国人口老龄化加速和包括糖尿病以及高血压等疾病患病率的增加,未来十年,心衰发病率仍会增加。活性氧信号在维持细胞生存和功能过程中发挥正常生理信号分子的作用,调节心血管信号的正常传导[3],多项证据表明,氧化应激参与了心脏疾病的发生发展,过度的氧化应激诱导多种心血管疾病和状态,最终引发心衰。橙皮素(5,7,3-三羟基-4 甲氧双氢黄酮)是普遍存在于柑橘类水果的生物黄酮素[4- 5]。

橙皮素具有多种生物活性,如抗氧化、抗炎、抗癌、抗高血压和抗致动脉粥样硬化效应[6- 7]。在阿霉素诱导的心脏毒性中,橙皮素通过抗氧化作用,降低DNA损失,减轻凋亡保护心脏[8]。橙皮素通过抑制心肌肥厚及纤维化,减轻氧化应激和心肌细胞凋亡改善压力超负荷诱导的心室重构,可能为心室重构和心衰的治疗提供新思路[9]。异丙基肾上腺素是一种合成的儿茶酚胺,属于非选择性的β肾上腺素受体激动剂。研究发现异丙基肾上腺素以剂量依赖的方式迅速引起左室功能的下降[10],皮下注射大剂量异丙基肾上腺素可诱导在体动物心衰[11- 12]。本研究采用大剂量异丙基肾上腺素皮下注射模拟大鼠心衰模型,探索橙皮素对异丙基肾上腺素诱导致心衰的保护作用及其机制。

1 材料与方法

1.1 实验动物 健康成年雄性Sprague-Dawler(SD)大鼠(3~4)月龄,体重(200~220) g 40只,由山西医科大学实验动物中心提供(许可证号SCXK晋2009-0001)。常规饲料喂食,自由饮水。所有用于研究的动物遵照国家实验室动物健康管理与使用指南;所有动物操作都经过校级伦理委员会审批通过。

1.2 试剂与仪器 橙皮素、异丙基肾上腺素粉末购自Sigma公司;微量丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、总抗氧化物能力(TAOC)试剂盒购自南京建成生物工程有限公司。主要设备为超声心动仪,型号为VEVO高分辨率小动物超声仪。

1.3 实验方法

1.3.1 实验分组 40只大鼠随机分为4组,每组10只。正常(C组)、橙皮素对照(H组)、异丙基肾上腺素(I组)、橙皮素治疗(T组)。依照文献方法建立由异丙基肾上腺素诱导的大鼠心衰模型[11],异丙基肾上腺素150 mg/kg,皮下注射,24 h后重复注射一次。心衰诊断标准为超声心动图检查示左室短轴缩短率(FS)≤30%[13]。给药两周后行超声心动图检查,20只大鼠中除2只外,均达到心衰标准,提示造模成功。18只大鼠进一步随机安排接受橙皮素治疗(T)或服用等量溶剂乙醇(I)组;橙皮素治疗组根据文献以乙醇溶解,采用100 mg/kg剂量灌胃,连续10 d[14]。

1.3.2 各组大鼠超声心动图检测心功能指标 实验结束,各组存活大鼠行经胸超声心动图检测。经腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠40 mg/kg麻醉SD大鼠,麻妥,固定大鼠后左前胸备皮,应用超声心动仪及频率为8 MHz的线阵探头行超声检测,测量左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室射血分数(EF)及左室短轴缩短率(FS)。测定值为三个心动周期的平均值。

1.3.3 各组大鼠血清中MDA,SOD,TAOC的检测 超声检测结束后,于大鼠腹主动脉取血,经4 ℃ 3 000 r/min离心15 min,取上清,采用硫代巴比妥酸TBA法测定丙二醛、水溶性四唑盐WST-1法测定超氧化物歧化酶、比色法测定总抗氧化能力。所有检测重复3次,操作步骤严格按试剂盒说明进行。

1.3.4 各组心脏组织病理学改变 取左心室心肌组织用10%甲醛固定,酒精梯度脱水,石蜡包埋。各组石蜡包埋的心脏组织切成5 μm切片,放置于清蛋白覆盖的玻璃载片上,干燥过夜,二甲苯脱蜡,梯度乙醇再水化,HE染色,中性树胶封片,显微镜下观察心肌病理结构的变化。

2 结 果

2.1 各组大鼠超声心动图结果比较 异丙基肾上腺素组大鼠LVEDD变化不明显,LVESD较正常组增大(P<0.05);EF、FS较正常组降低(P<0.05)。橙皮素治疗组大鼠LVESD较模型组降低(P<0.05);EF、FS较异丙基肾上腺素组增高(P<0.05)。橙皮素对照组各指标与正常组比较无统计学意义。详见图1、2。

C H I T

注:C为正常组,H为橙皮素对照组,I为异丙基肾上腺素组,T为橙皮素治疗组。与C组相比,*P<0.05;与I组相比,#P<0.05。

2.2 各组大鼠氧化应激状态比较 与正常组相比,异丙基肾上腺素组大鼠血清MDA明显高于正常组,SOD、TAOC显著低于正常组(P<0.05)。详见表1。异丙基肾上腺素诱导大鼠处于氧化应激状态,抗氧化系统受损,抗氧化能力明显下降。橙皮素治疗组MDA明显低于异丙基肾上腺素组(P<0.05),SOD、TAOC显著高于异丙基肾上腺素组(P<0.05),提示橙皮素具有抗氧化作用,减轻了异丙基肾上腺素诱导的氧化应激状态。橙皮素对照组各氧化应激指标与正常组比较无明显差异。详见表1。

2.3 各组心脏标本病理学改变 肉眼可见正常组及橙皮素对照组大鼠心脏颜色红润,异丙基肾上腺素组大鼠心脏颜色发暗,局灶发白;光镜下正常组及橙皮素对照组大鼠心脏可见心肌细胞排列整齐,结构正常,异丙基肾上腺素组见局部心肌细胞结构紊乱,细胞变性,灶性坏死,组织间隙不规则增宽,间质水肿,橙皮素治疗组上述病理改变较异丙基肾上腺素组减轻。详见图3。

表1 各组大鼠血清MDA、SOD、TAOC的比较(±s)

注:C为正常组,H为橙皮素对照组,I为异丙基肾上腺素组,T为橙皮素治疗组。

3 讨 论

目前,心衰已经成为全球主要的健康和经济负担,尽管现代的药物治疗和植入装置治疗,心衰仍有很高的死亡率[15]。心衰是一个复杂的临床综合征,产生的机制复杂,探讨其发病机制,探索具有心肌保护作用的药物是目前研究的热点。橙皮素在对抗各种应激引起的细胞及机体损伤中发挥多种不同的生物活性[6-7]。研究表明,橙皮素对应激诱导的心肌细胞凋亡及心脏损伤有保护作用[16- 17],但确切的机制仍不清楚。

心肌收缩性减弱是心衰发生的基础,引起心肌收缩性减弱的发生机制之一是心肌细胞数量减少,心肌细胞数量减少主要见于两种形式即:心肌细胞坏死和心肌细胞凋亡。异丙基肾上腺素可引起心肌缺血甚至心肌梗死,导致心肌细胞坏死;同时异丙肾上腺素可引起氧化应激诱导心肌细胞凋亡[18],最终导致心衰的发生。大剂量异丙基肾上腺素皮下注射后,引起大鼠心脏左室收缩功能下降,收缩末内径增加,射血分数下降,心脏功能受损,与文献报道一致[11]。

心肌氧化应激引起心肌细胞结构破坏、功能障碍,促进心衰的发生[19]。β肾上腺素受体激动剂通过氧化应激导致线粒体死亡通路的活化,刺激心肌细胞凋亡[20- 21]。本研究结果显示,异丙基肾上腺素作用后大鼠血清MDA上升,提示机体促氧化水平上升,而SOD、TAOC降低,提示抗氧化水平下降,机体存在氧化应激;橙皮素治疗组大鼠血清MDA下降,SOD、TAOC上升,提示橙皮素减轻异丙基肾上腺素引起的氧化应激,改善异丙基肾上腺素诱导的大鼠心脏功能障碍,与文献报道一致[17]。

橙皮素对异丙基肾上腺素引起的大鼠心脏功能受损有明显的改善作用,降低左室收缩末期内径,提高了射血分数及缩短分数,减轻心衰;其可能的原因是橙皮素减轻氧化应激,减轻心肌细胞凋亡,最终减轻了异丙基肾上腺素对心脏功能的损害。本研究结果为心衰治疗及心衰药物研发提供了新思路和作用靶点。该结果初步探讨了橙皮素治疗心衰中的临床疗效,由于样本量较小,需扩大样本量及增加检测指标进一步探讨其保护作用及具体的机制。

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Cardioprotective Effects of Hesperetin Against ISO-induced Heart Failure in Rats

Cao Jing, Lv Jiyuan, Zhang Mingsheng, Shi Ruizan, Feng Qiaoai

The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China Corresponding Author: Lü Jiyuan

R285.5 R289.5

A

10.3969/j.issn.1672-1349.2017.18.006

1672-1349(2017)18-2241-04

2017-05-21)

(本文编辑 王雅洁)

山西省国际科技合作基金(No.2012081046)

1.山西医科大学第一医院(太原 030001);2.山西医科大学;3.山西博爱医院

吕吉元,E-mail:13834691242@163.com

信息:曹静,吕吉元,张明升,等.橙皮素对异丙基肾上腺素诱导大鼠心衰的保护作用[J].中西医结合心脑血管病杂志,2017,15(18):2241-2244.

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