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浅谈初中生英语书面能力培养的方法

2017-09-26崔建宏

课程教育研究·新教师教学 2015年15期
关键词:听音书面范文

崔建宏

【中图分类号】G633.41 【文献标识码】B 【文章编号】2095-3089(2015)15-0208-01

语言是一种交际工具,其呈现方式为口头表达和书面表达两种形式。不论汉语还是英语,都要学会这两种表达方式,而且中高考英语试题中都少不了这方面内容,特别是书面表达有更具体的试题,试题所占分值也不低,足以引起师生的高度重视。

多年来的教学经验告诉我,要培养中学生的英语书面表达能力,应该从以下几个方面做起。

一、课文改写法。

英语课文没有汉语课文那么复杂,基本上都是与我们日常生活有关的话题。学生可以运用与课文有关的字、词、句改写,也就是说学生可以利用现成的语言材料,写出自己的文章。这就要求教师教引导学生学会用简单的词,写简单的句子、避开不太常用的词、运用自己熟悉的词表达自己的思想感情。例如:My Favorite Subjects一文,在第一段,学生学会了introduce myself , 基本上掌握了live in , in the north of …, in the future等短语,还掌握了简单句的基本句型,如主系表结构,主谓结构,主谓宾结构以及简单的宾语从句。他们按照这样的课文,也能写出自己的简介,如:Hello! My name is …. I live in Xianyang, a city in the north of China. I have lived here for many years. I think Xianyang is a lovely city, and I love it very much. I hope that you will visit it sometime in the future.

二、精品示范法。

教师一定要让学生背诵相当篇目的精品范文,然后写作与之体裁题材相同的文章。范文语言精练、传神、明白易懂。学生如果能背诵几十篇范文,比如《新概念英语》二册,经过吸收、消化,变成自己的知识,写起作文来便会得心应手,左右逢源。如:

A private conversation

Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end,I could not bear it. I turned round again. “I can?蒺t hear a word!”I said angrily.

“It?蒺s none of your business,” the young man said rudely. “This is a private conversation! ”

這篇课文简短精炼,朗朗上口,趣味横生,学生乐于学习背诵。其中生词可分为,名词:conversation 谈话,theatre 剧场,戏院seat 座位,play 戏,attention 注重,business 事;形容词:private私人的, angry 生气的;副词:loudly大声地,angrily生气地,rudely 无礼地,粗鲁地;动词:bear容忍。这些词大多数学生都学过,引入课堂并不会加重学生学习负担,反而会增加学生兴趣,学生由熟读到背诵,最终也能写出自己的A private conversation.

三、听音复写法。

听音在初中阶段,不再停留在单词和单句上,而是篇段听写。教师要有意识地让学生听后写出所听材料的全部内容,不要只停留在听音选择或判断这个层面。学生如果能把听音材料全部写出来,说明他们已经听懂,那么,做选择、判断题就不在话下。一旦这样的练习做多了,他们的语言感悟能力也会随之提高。语言感悟能力提高之后,便能自如地用英语表达自己的思想。如下面这篇听力材料:

Once, a rich man and a poor man lived in the same house. The rich man lived upstairs. And the poor man, Peter, lived downstairs.

The poor mans job was making clothes. He liked singing while he was working. He sang songs one by one. But the rich man hated this.

One day the rich man said, “Well, Peter, I will give you a bag of money every day if you stop singing.” “Fine,” said the poor man. So he stopped singing and got richer and richer. But as time went on, he felt unhappy because he couldnt sing. At last he brought all the money back to the rich man. “Here,” he said, “take all your money. I wont be happy if I cannot sing.”

So he gave the money back to the rich man and began to sing again. And then he was happy.

在听说课堂上,學生听完之后,能够口头表达的占五分之一,能够写出来的占三分之一。通过多次训练,学生的表达能力明显比以前有所提高。

四、讨论再现法。

《英语课程标准》给学生列出了24个话题,教师要很好地组织学生学习、讨论,让学生记录要点,然后把讨论过程的内容取精去粗,简明扼要地写出来。这样做的目的,在于让学生有话可写,有事可叙,避免学生无话可说,无事可叙的尴尬局面出现。如情感(Emotions):1.Happiness(高兴),2.Surprise(惊奇)3.Worries(忧虑)等九种感情表达方式,学生通过讨论,能够掌握以下这些关键词句,如:

1. How wonderful/nice!

Thats lovely/great/wonderful!

Im so happy.

Its well done.

Im pleased to know that.

2. Really?

Oh dear!

Is that so?

3. What a surprise!

How nice to see you!

How surprising!

Im surprised.

Does that surprise you?

Whats Wrong?

Whats the matter?

Anything wrong?

What should we do?

Are you worried about your health?

学生一旦掌握了这些关键句型,加上教师引导,反复训练,学生既熟悉了话题,也学会了写作,具有一箭双雕之功效。

五、讲评分析法。

教师不但要让学生写英语作文,还要批改学生英语作文,更要讲评分析学生英语作文。其目的在于,通过讲评分析,让学生看到自己的长处和不足。

讲评分析法分为四个步骤。一是学生根据老师批语自评。二是学生互评。三是教师精选精评。通过精选精评,让学生掌握写作时常用的重要句型、词汇、语法以及剪裁构思、谋篇布局的大概方法。四是讲评分析后,要求学生重写同题目的作文。

初中学生书面表达能力的强弱,固然与教师教给的方法有关,但艰苦的训练过程和教师耐心细致的面批也分不开。希望教师能够选择恰当的方法,坚持长期有效地训练,做好耐心细致的批改工作,逐渐提高学生的英语书面表达能力。

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