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双丁酰环腺苷酸通过蛋白激酶Wee1B调控小鼠1—细胞期受精卵的发育研究

2017-09-09任丽莉刘超刘乙蒙张苧兮肖建英

中国现代医生 2017年22期

任丽莉+刘超+刘乙蒙+张苧兮+肖建英

[摘要] 目的 探討蛋白激酶A(protein kinase A,PKA)激活剂双丁酰环腺苷酸(dual dibutyryl cyclic AMP,dbcAMP)调控蛋白激酶Wee1B蛋白对小鼠1-细胞期受精卵发育的影响,为进一步研究母源性因子Wee1B在早期胚胎发育过程中的作用提供理论基础。 方法 将2 mmol/L dbcAMP作用于小鼠1-细胞期受精卵1 h,并显微注射Wee1B-mRNAs,实验分为未注射组、TE缓冲液注射组、Wee1B-WT/KD注射组、Wee1B-S15A/D注射组,继续在M16培养基中培养。相差显微镜下观察小鼠受精卵的形态变化和卵裂情况,放射自显影测定各期细胞有丝分裂促进因子(MPF)活性,Western blotting方法检测Wee1B蛋白的表达、CDC2-pTyr15和Wee1B-pSer15的磷酸化水平。 结果 小鼠受精卵在有dbcAMP存在时,G1、S、G2和M各细胞周期均检测到磷酸化的Wee1B表达,非磷酸化条带在G2期和M期才能检测到;各组受精卵卵裂出现时间延迟,卵裂率显著降低;hCG注射后35 h内,MPF活性一直处于低水平,CDC2-pTyr15磷酸化状态和MPF活性变化趋势相一致。 结论 dbcAMP激活PKA后,PKA磷酸化Wee1B蛋白的S15位点,Wee1B活性增加,阻滞受精卵分裂,本研究提示Wee1B蛋白的S15位点可能是PKA作用的生理靶点,可以更好地认识早期胚胎发育的分子事件。

[关键词] Wee1B;双丁酰环腺苷酸;蛋白激酶A;有丝分裂促进因子;小鼠受精卵

[中图分类号] Q954.4 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701(2017)22-0034-05

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of dual dibutyryl cyclic AMP(dbcAMP), a protein kinase A(PKA) activator, which regulates protein kinase Wee1B on the development of mouse 1-cell stage fertilized eggs, so as to provide theoretical basis for further study of the role of maternal factor Wee1B in the early embryonic development process. Methods 2 mmol/L dbcAMP was administered to mouse 1-cell stage fertilized eggs for 1 h, and Wee 1B-mRNAs were injected under microscope. The rats were divided into non-injection group, TE buffer injection group, Wee1B-WT/KD injection group, and Wee1B-S15A/D injection group. The eggs were further cultured in M16 medium. Morphological changes and cleavage conditions of mouse fertilized eggs were observed under phase contrast microscope. The autoradiography was used to measure the activity of mitogen-promoting factor(MPF) for each stage of cells; Western blotting was used to detect the expression of Wee1B protein, as well as the phosphorylation of CDC2-pTyr15 and Wee1B-pSer15. Results The expression of phosphorylated Wee1B was detected in all cell cycles of G1, S, G2 and M of mouse fertilized eggs in the presence of dbcAMP, and the unphosphorylated Wee1B expression was detected only in G2 and M phases. The time of the cleavage in each group of fertilized eggs was delayed and the cleavage rate was significantly decreased; the activity of MPF remained low within 35 h after hCG injection, and CDC2-pTyr15 phosphorylation status was consistent with the changing trend of MPF activity. Conclusion After PKA was activated by dbcAMP, Wee1B activity is increased, and division of fertilized eggs is blocked at the S15 locus of PKA phosphorylated Wee1B protein. This study suggests that the S15 locus of Wee1B protein may be a physiological target of PKA, which can help better understand the molecular events of early embryonic development.endprint

[Key words] Wee1B; Dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate; Protein kinase A; Mitogen-promoting factor (MPF); Mouse fertilized eggs

在胚胎基因组激活之前,成熟卵母细胞胞质中的母源因子(包括mRNA和蛋白质)调控胚胎的发育[1,2]。卵子受精或核移植的胚胎激活后,积累并储存的母源因子启动早期胚胎发育,胚胎基因组开始转录,并以级联反应的方式,激活更多的细胞因子的表达,保持早期胚胎发育进行[3,4]。蛋白激酶Wee1B在细胞核中通过磷酸化CDC2激酶的S15位点来抑制其活性进而负调控细胞周期进程[5,6]。cAMP类似物双丁酰环腺苷酸(dibutyryl cAMP,dbcAMP)能激活蛋白激酶A(protein kinase A,PKA)又称依赖于cAMP的蛋白激酶A,抑制有丝分裂促进因子(M-phase promoting factor,MPF)活性,调节真核细胞的细胞周期进程,调控细胞生长、增殖和分化,阻滞小鼠卵母细胞减数分裂和受精卵有丝分裂的进行[7,8]。Macro Conti课题组证明Wee1B蛋白可能是PKA的作用底物,PKA磷酸化Wee1B 蛋白的S15后,使Wee1B激活,进而磷酸化CDC2的Y15并抑制MPF活性,卵母细胞发生G2期阻滞[9]。卵母细胞和受精卵发育是两个既相似但又有差异的过程,PKA通过改变CDC25B蛋白磷酸酶的关键位点S149和S321调控小鼠受精卵发育[10],CDC25B和Wee1B蛋白在调控MPF活性时起相反作用,那么,PKA是否磷酸化Wee1B 的S15来调控MPF的活性进而影响小鼠受精卵早期发育还需更进一步证明。

本研究首先在小鼠1-细胞期受精卵中过表达Wee1B蛋白S15位点的非磷酸化和模拟磷酸化的两种突变体pcDNA3.1/V5-His-TOPO-Wee1B-S15A/D,并在突变体,在dbcAMP作用下,探讨PKA磷酸化靶点Wee1B蛋白S15对小鼠受精卵早期发育的影响,为进一步研究母源性因子Wee1B在早期胚胎发育过程中的作用提供理论基础。

1材料与方法

1.1主要试剂来源

质粒pcDNA3.1/V5-His-TOPO-Wee1B-WT(wild-type,野生型)/KD(kinase-dead,激酶失活型)由Marco Conti教授惠赠;质粒pcDNA3.1/V5-His-TOPO-Wee1B-S15A/D本实验室构建保存;体外转录试剂盒(Ambion公司,美国);Wee1B-S15磷酸化和非磷酸化抗体、Wee1B抗体(Signalway antibody公司);M2和M16培养液(Sigma公司,美国);内切酶Xhol I(Takara公司,日本);ECL化学发光试剂盒、HRP标记的山羊抗兔IgG(中杉金桥生物技术有限公司,北京);孕马血清促性腺激素(华孚高新技术生物公司,天津);人绒毛膜促性腺激素购于中国上海生物胜华制药;剩余试剂购自美国Sigma公司。

1.2小鼠受精卵的采集和培养

小鼠超排卵、受精卵的收集和培养依据Hogan的方法稍加修改进行[11]。取昆明系SPF級4~5周龄成熟雌性小白鼠,每只雌鼠腹腔注射10 IU的PMSG;注射后46~48 h腹腔注射10 IU的hCG,当晚即将每只雌鼠与一只性成熟的雄性小鼠合笼。第二天早上查看雌鼠的阴栓,如果有阴栓,此雌鼠则交配成功。脱颈法处死交配成功的雌鼠,暴露双侧输卵管,将其取出置于M2培养液。于显微镜下扯开输卵管的壶腹部,可见细胞团流出,透明质酸酶消化颗粒细胞后,将其放入M16培养液中清洗并培养至指定时间收集细胞进行下一步实验。

1.3 体外转录和显微注射

Xhol I酶切线性化质粒pcDNA3.1/V5-His-TOPO-Wee1B-WT/KD和pcDNA3.1/V5-His-TOPO-Wee1B-S15A/D 1 μg,按照体外转录试剂盒的操作方法转录成带帽和加尾的mRNAs,溶解于TE缓冲液(5 mmol/L Tris和0.5 mmol/L EDTA,pH7.4)中。在含有受精卵M16培养液中预先加入2 mmol/L dbcAMP 1 h后,分别向受精卵胞浆中显微注射10 pL Wee1B各种mRNAs。注射后的受精卵继续培养,同时设置未注射组和TE缓冲液注射组作为对照。

1.4 相差显微镜观察受精卵形态变化

显微注射各组和对照组受精卵在含有dbcAMP 的培养液中继续培养,一定时间后相差显微镜下观察受精卵形态变化和分裂情况,并在hCG注射后35 h时计算卵裂率。

1.5放射自显影方法检测受精卵MPF活性

参照相关文献[8,12]建立的经典方法检测MPF活性。显微注射后各组受精卵于hCG注射29 h后每间隔30 min取5个受精卵转移到Eppendorf管中,加入适量MPF反应液,30℃水浴反应7 min。取反应液点在Whatman P81滤纸上,终止反应后将滤纸置于液闪瓶内,液闪计数仪测定每分钟放射活性(cpm值)。

1.6 Western blotting方法检测Wee1B蛋白表达及Wee1B-Ser15和CDC2-pTyr15磷酸化状态

将各组收集的160个受精卵(hCG注射后29 h、30 h、31 h、32 h、33 h、34 h、35 h)转移至灭菌过的EP管中,3000 r/min离心10 min,蛋白提取缓存液裂解沉淀,加入5×SDS样品缓冲液煮沸使蛋白变性,冷冻离心后上样。10% SDS-PAGE电泳分离、蛋白转膜至PVDF膜上,用含3%BSA的TBST(pH7.4)室温封闭2 h,PVDF膜与Wee1B抗体(稀释比为1∶1000)、Wee1B-Ser15非磷酸化抗体(1∶200)、Wee1B-Ser15磷酸化抗体(1∶200)、CDC2-pTyr15磷酸化抗体(1∶500)及β-Actin抗体(1∶1000)温育过夜。TBST洗膜3次后,HRP偶联的山羊抗兔IgG(1∶5000)室温继续孵育2 h,洗膜后ECL化学发光法显影成像。endprint