相对质量常数用于甘草饮片等级评价研究
2017-07-31邓哲焦梦姣章军咸婧张庆陈畅王
邓哲+焦梦姣+章军+咸婧+张庆+陈畅+王跃生+刘安
[摘要] 质量常数评价方法是一种综合性饮片等级评价方法,但是在用于甘草饮片等级评价时,因指标成分甘草苷和甘草酸的含量差异较大,权重不合理,导致等级评价出现偏离。为解决这一问题,该文建立了相对质量常数用于甘草饮片的等级评价。该研究共收集了29批不同质量的甘草饮片,最终以检验合格的17批甘草饮片为研究对象,研究结果显示其相对质量常数范围1.78~11.49。 如果把甘草饮片划分成3等级,则:一级甘草饮片相对质量常数≥9.19,二级甘草饮片相对质量常数<9.19且≥5.75,三级甘草饮片相对质量常数<5.75。该研究表明,相对质量常数能够科学、合理、客观、准确的划分饮片的等级,解决了质量常数评价方法存在的问题,为多指标成分的中药饮片等级划分提供了新的模式。
[关键词] 甘草饮片;相对质量常数;等级评价
[Abstract] Quality constant evaluation is a comprehensive method for grades evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine pieces, but when it comes to Glycyrrizae Radix et Rhizome pieces, grades evaluation is diverged due to significant difference in contents of liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid and unreasonable weight of index. To solve this problem, we have established a relative quality constant method in this paper to evaluate grades of Glycyrrizae Radix et Rhizome pieces. Twenty-nine batches of different quality samples were collected and tested, and finally, 17 batches of them were chosen as researcher objects. The results revealed that the range of the relative quality constant of these samples was from 1.78 to 11.49. When Glycyrrizae Radix et Rhizome pieces are divided into three grades: the relative quality constant of first grade is greater than or equal to 9.19;the second grade is greater than or equal to 5.75 but less than 9.19;while the third grade is less than 5.75. This research indicates that relative quality constant can divide the grades of herbal pieces in a scientific, reasonable, objective and specific way and remedy the shortage of quality constant perfectly. It provides a novel mode for grading pieces of Chinese medicine that contains multi-target ingredients.
[Key words] Glycyrrizae Radix et Rhizome pieces;relative quality constant;grades evaluation
甘草為豆科植物甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.、胀果甘草G. inflate Bat. 或光果甘草G. glabra L. 的干燥根和根茎。其味甘性平,归心、肺、脾、胃经,具有补脾益气、清热解毒、祛痰止咳、缓急止痛、调和诸药等功效[1],常以“国老”、“众药之王”著称。据统计,《伤寒论》和《脾胃论》中含甘草的方剂分别为62%,58%[2];临床上甚至惯以“十方九草”之说。可见,甘草在中医临床上非常重要且用药广泛。它在其他行业(食品、化妆品等)同样也具有广阔的应用[3]。但是除1984年建立的甘草药材等级标准[4]外,甘草饮片等级划分的研究鲜有文献报道。因此,有必要建立一套科学、合理、可操作性强、实用性好的甘草饮片等级评价标准来客观的评判甘草饮片质量优劣,这不仅能够保障临床用药的良好疗效,而且对于甘草饮片的合理配置、实现优质优价、规范市场及利于有关部门监管具有重要意义。
中药质量常数是衡量中药药材和饮片质量优劣的综合评价指标。本课题组前期对黄芩饮片[5]等级评价的研究表明,该方法能将外观性状和内在指标量化,形成具有明确数值范围的中药商品规格等级。当质量常数评价方法应用于多指标质控的中药饮片等级评价时,就会遇到基于不同指标成分的质量常数加和问题。如果指标成分的含量基本一致,将每个质量常数加和用于等级评价是基本合理的;但是如果指标成分含量差别较大,必然会导致某个质量常数在总和中占比较大,从而扭曲了等级评判。为了解决这一问题,作者在质量常数(公式1)的基础上建立了相对质量常数A′,即每个指标成分的质量常数A与其药典规定限量值c之比(公式2)。相对质量常数可以很好的权衡多指标成分,更加科学、合理的划分多指标成分的中药饮片等级(公式3)。