浅谈英语语法教学中的情境创设
2017-07-06赵伟娟
赵伟娟
摘 要:学生害怕语法,不喜欢上语法课,语法成了学生英语学习路上的拦路虎。如何让英语语法课堂吸引学生,让学生爱上语法课,这正是本文所要探讨的内容。
关键词:英语学习 语法 情境教学
一、背景
作为一名职高英语老师,笔者经常在讲台上兴致勃勃地讲解相关语法知识时,台下的学生总是一副迷惘、害怕与排斥的样子。不少学生说英语语法太多、太难了,最不喜欢的就是语法。学生为什么怕语法?为了进一步了解情况,笔者对笔者所在部高一145位学生的英语语法学习状况做了一份问卷调查。
1.问卷内容
(1)你英语学习的最大困难是什么?
A.口语 B.听力 C.单词 D.阅读
E.语法 F.写作
(2)你喜欢上英语语法课吗?
A.喜欢 B.无所谓 C.不喜欢
(3)你觉得语法学习重要吗?
A.很重要 B.不知道 C.不重要
(4)你认为学习语法对你来说难吗?
A.很难 B.很简单 C.不难
(5)你初中的英语老师上语法课有趣吗?
A.很有趣 B.无所谓 C.枯燥无趣
(6)你喜欢初中英语老师的语法教学方法吗?
A.喜欢 B.无所谓 C.不喜欢
(7)你认为初中英语老师采用的语法教学方法效果如何?
A.很有效 B.效果一般
C.不太有效,效果较差
2.调查结果
(1)英语学习的最大困难,其中有49%的同学认为是语法,有21%的同学认为是单词,有10%的同学认为是阅读,有9%的同学认为是写作,有6%的同学认为是口语,有5%的同学认为是听力。
(2)只有7%的同学喜欢上语法课,有83%的同学不喜欢,余下的则抱无所谓的态度。
(3)有88%的同学认为语法学习很重要,有4%的同学则认为不重要,有8%的同学不知道。
(4)有85%的同学认为语法很难,有5%的同学认为不难,只有2%的同学认为很简单。
(5)只有8%的同学认为语法课堂是有趣的,有67%的同学认为枯燥无趣,有25%的同学抱无所谓的态度。
(6)只有10%的同学喜欢,有70%的同学不喜欢,剩下的则是无所谓。
(7)只有12%的同学认为很有效,有38%的同学认为效果一般,有50%的同学认为效果较差。
3.从上述调查结果看出问题
(1)职高学生也认可语法的重要性。
(2)大部分学生认为语法是英语学习的难点。
(3)绝大部分学生对初中的语法课堂以及教师的教学方法、效果都不太满意。
二、传统语法教学呼唤情境创设
从以上调查可以看出,传统的语法教学,注重灌输语法知识,不注重情境创设,忽略学生的情感与兴趣,教师讲得口干舌燥,学生却听得索然无味。长此以往学生就会不喜欢学语法了。传统的语法教学模式急需改变。那么,语法教学如何吸引学生的兴趣,使学生乐于学习呢?笔者发现,在英语课堂中采用情境教学是一种能激发学生学习兴趣、提高课堂教学效果的行之有效的方法。
情境教学就是置学生于真实的语境中学习真实的语言。在教学中,教师结合教学内容与目标,使用实物、对话、游戏、歌曲等精心创设各种教学情境,将学生置于乐观的情感中开展教学。
三、以if虚拟语气课堂教学中的情境创设为例
虚拟语气是让学生感到头疼和较难掌握的英语语法内容之一。下面,笔者以if虚拟语气课堂教学中的三个情境来阐述语法教学中如何进行情境创设。
1.利用对话情境——新课导入
在导入部分笔者主要创设了一个师生对话情境,对话主要包括两个问题与两个假设。两个问题让学生简单易答,两个假设自然逼真。
T: Am I a math teacher or an English teacher?
Ss: An English teacher.
T: Well, if I were a math teacher, would I teach you English ?
Ss: No.
T: Right. If I were a math teacher, I would teach you math. That is to say, if I were not an English teacher, I would not teach you English. Is that right?
Ss: Yes.
T: Are you teachers or students?
Ss: Were students.
T: So, if you were teachers, you would not sit here and take my lessons every day. Then, if you were teachers, what would you do every day? Would you take lessons or give lessons?
Ss: We would give lessons.
T: Yes, if you were teachers, you would give lessons.
2.利用游戲情境——课堂巩固
第一轮:检测与现在事实相反的if 从句和主句的形式。
很多学生对老师这一工作十分向往。因此,在这一轮里,笔者创设了一个What would you do if you were a teacher?的情境,让学生换位思考过了一把“老师瘾”,同时也与导入部分相呼应。
T: Boys and girls. Lets play a game. OK?
Ss: OK.
T: Well speak English here. It doesnt matter if you speak slowly. But you have to speak clearly and loudly. One by one,ok?
Ss: Ok.
T: What would you do if you were a teacher?
S1: If I were a teacher, I would give some interesting lessons.
S2: If you gave some interesting lessons, the students would like you.
S3: If the students liked you, you would make friends with them.
S4: If you made friends with them, they would respect you.
S5: If they respected you, you would be happy.
T: If you were happy, I would be happy, too.
第二輪 检测与过去事实相反的if 从句和主句的形式。
笔者通过自己昨晚买彩票未中奖的亲身经历,设置了What would have happened if I had won the lottery?的情境,让学生根据这个情境发挥想象,进行接龙。
T: Yesterday its an unlucky day. I didnt win the lottery(彩票) last night. ( 教师作伤心状)
Ss: Im sorry to hear that.
T: What would have happened if I had won the lottery?
S1: If you had won the lottery, you would have gotten a lot of money.
S2: If you had gotten a lot of money, you would have been happy.
S3: If you had been happy, you would have bought a new car.
S4: If you had bought a new car, the thief would have come.
S5: If the thief had come, your new car would have been stolen.
S6: If your new car had been stolen, you would have been sad.
T: I wish it were all not true!
3.利用歌曲情境——课堂结尾
在课堂结尾,笔者通过盲人歌手杨光的《你是我的眼》创设歌曲情境。让学生听歌并找出歌词中所包含的虚拟条件句,课后将歌词进行翻译。
T: Boys and girls. Do you know the blind singer Yang Guang?
Ss: Yes.
T:I like his song 《Youre My Eyes》 very much. Do you want to listen to the song?
Ss: Yes.
T:Ok. You listen carefully and try to find out the sentences with if subjunctive mood.
T:Can you guess whom the song is written for?
Ss: His mother.
T: Youre right. He loves and thanks his mother. Next who can tell me the sentences with if subjunctive mood.
S1: 如果我能看得见,就能轻易地分辨白天黑夜,就能准确的在人群中牵住你的手。
S2: 如果我能看得见,就能驾车带你到处遨游,就能惊喜的从背后给你一个拥抱。
S3: 如果我能看得见,生命也许完全不同。
T: Well done! How time flies!We have a good time today. Todays homework is to translate these three sentences into English with if subjunctive mood.
这节英语语法课,教师通过学生熟悉的、身边的、甚至刚刚发生的事创设学习的情境,让课堂有游戏、有歌声,时时激发学生沉睡的兴趣,在师生的问答、讨论中自然而然完成了if 虚拟语气语法功能的教学,做到“课开始,趣已生;课进行,趣正浓;课结束,趣犹存”,做到让学生有话可说、有话愿说、有话说准。
四、小结
正如美国教育家布卢姆所说:“成功的外语课堂教学应当在课内创设更多的情景,让学生有机会运用已学到的语言材料。”语法虽多,但只要老师精心准备,创设适当的情境,一定能吸引学生的注意力,让学生慢慢喜欢上语法课。
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(作者单位:慈溪职业高级中学)