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赤芝水提取物中的三萜类成分

2017-06-19陈显强李绍平赵静

中国中药杂志 2017年10期
关键词:化学成分

陈显强+李绍平+赵静

[摘要] 采用硅胶、ODS、Sephadex LH-20、HPLC等色谱技术手段,从赤芝水提物中分离得到1个新的灵芝三萜酸和18个已知类似物。利用理化性质和波谱数据,鉴定新化合物为2β-acetoxy-3β,25-dihydroxy-7,11,15-trioxo-lanost-8-en-26-oic acid (1)。通过与文献数据比较,已知化合物分别鉴定为ganoderic acid H (2),12β-acetoxy-3β,7β-dihydroxy-11,15,23-trioxo-lanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid (3), ganoderenic acid D (4),ganoderic acid C1 (5),ganoderic acid G (6),3β,7β-dihydroxy-11,15,23-trioxo-lanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid (7),ganoderic acid B (8),ganoderic acid C6 (9),3β,15α-dihydroxy-7,11,23-trioxo-lanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid (10),ganoderic acid A (11),ganolucidic acid A (12),lucidenic acid E2 (13),lucidenic acid N (14),lucidenic acid P (15), lucidenic acid B (16),lucidenic acid A (17),lucidenic acid C (18),lucidenic acid L (19)。虽然化合物2~19在赤芝中已经报道,但是化合物1是新化合物。因此,该研究进一步丰富了赤芝的化学成分,尤其是填补了赤芝传统水煎剂化学成分研究的空白。

[关键词] 赤芝; 三萜酸; 灵芝属; 化学成分

[Abstract] A new triterpenoid and 18 analogues were isolated from the water extract of Ganoderma lucidum by column chromatographic techniques, including silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, and HPLC. The new compound was elucidated as 2β-acetoxy-3β,25-dihydroxy-7,11,15-trioxo-lanost-8-en-26-oic acid on the basis of analyses of extensive spectroscopic data and its physicochemical properties. Comparison of NMR data with those reported in literature, the known analogues were determined as ganoderic acid H (2), 12β-acetoxy-3β,7β-dihydroxy-11,15,23-trioxo-lanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid (3), ganoderenic acid D (4),ganoderic acid C1 (5),ganoderic acid G (6),3β,7β-dihydroxy-11,15,23-trioxo-lanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid (7),ganoderic acid B (8),ganoderic acid C6 (9),3β,15α-dihydroxy-7,11,23-trioxo-lanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid (10),ganoderic acid A (11),ganolucidic acid A (12),lucidenic acid E2 (13),lucidenic acid N (14),lucidenic acid P (15), lucidenic acid B (16),lucidenic acid A (17),lucidenic acid C (18),and lucidenic acid L (19), respectively. Compound 1 is new compound and compounds 2-19 have been reported from G. lucidum. The present study enriches the knowledge of the chemical constituent of G. lucidum and completes chemical investigation of water decoction that is traditional use of G. lucidum.

[Key words] Ganoderma lucidum; triterpenoid acids; Ganoderma; chemical constituents

赤芝Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. exFr) Karst.系擔子菌纲多孔菌科灵芝属大型真菌。赤芝是名贵滋补类中药材,在我国有悠久的药用历史。《神农本草经》记载其具有补中益气、扶正固本、滋补强壮之功效。《本草纲目》亦将其列为上品。自从20世纪80年代灵芝酸A(ganoderic acid A)和灵芝酸B(ganoderic acid B)被报道以来,国内外学者对灵芝的化学成分和生物活性进行了广泛的研究。三萜是灵芝的主要次生代谢成分也是灵芝重要生物活性物质[1]。灵芝因为显示广泛的生物活性,如抗肿瘤[2]、保肝[3]、抗高血压[4]、抑制高血糖[5],抗HIV-1蛋白酶[6]、抑制血小板聚集[7]、抑制NO释放[8]、抗氧化[9]等活性,因此其相关的药效物质研究也倍受关注,三萜就是其中重要的一类。为了进一步丰富灵芝三萜类成分研究及寻找活性分子,本课题组对赤芝水提物中的三萜成分进行了系统的化学成分研究,经多种色谱技术和结构鉴定手段,从中分离和鉴定1个新的灵芝三萜(1)和18个已知类似物(2~19)。

1 材料

HACH DR6000型紫外-可见光谱仪;PerkinElmer 341型旋光仪;PerkinElmer 100 Series红外光谱仪;Bruker AV-400型超导核磁共振仪;Thermo LTQ Orbitrap XLTM Hybrid Ion Trap-Orbitrap 质谱仪;薄层色谱硅胶GF254及柱色谱硅胶(200~300或500~800目)为青岛海洋化工厂生产; 反相柱色谱硅胶 (35~70 μm)为Grace公司生产;Sephadex LH-20葡萄糖凝胶为GE Healthcare Bio-Science AB公司生产;所用试剂均为分析纯或色谱纯。

药材在2013年12月购买于广州清平药材市场,由澳门大学李绍平教授鉴定为赤芝G. lucidum。药材标本(ICMS-QC-20120804)保存于澳门大学中华医药研究院。

2 提取分离

赤芝5.0 kg粉碎后用水回流提取3次,减压浓缩得浸膏320 g。用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液800 mL溶解浸膏,用氯仿萃取3次;取NaHCO3水溶液层,用HCl调节pH至3.0,氯仿萃取3次,回收溶剂,得到灵芝总三萜酸约20 g。

灵芝总三萜酸经反相硅胶柱色谱分离,以甲醇-水(30∶70~80∶20)梯度洗脱得到3个部分(Fr. A~Fr. C)。Fr. B部位经过硅胶柱色谱分离,氯仿-甲醇(40∶1~1∶1)梯度洗脱得到3个部份(Fr. B-1~Fr.B-3)。Fr. B-1部位经硅胶柱色谱,正己烷-乙酸乙酯(1∶2~0∶1)梯度洗脱得到3个部份(Fr. B-1-1~Fr. B-1-3)。Fr. B-1-1经Sephadex LH-20凝胶(甲醇)纯化得到4个组分(Fr. B-1-1A~Fr. B-1-1D)。Fr. B-1-1A经制备液相分离,乙腈-水(60∶40)作为流动相洗脱得到化合物2(215 mg)和3(55 mg)。Fr. B-1-1B经Sephadex LH-20凝胶(丙酮)纯化得到Fr. B-1-1B-1和Fr. B-1-1B-2 2个组分。Fr. B-1-1B-1经制备液相(乙腈-水38∶62)纯化得到化合物4(15.4 mg),5(90 mg),13(57 mg)。Fr. B-1-1B-2经制备液相(乙腈-水40∶60)纯化得到化合物1(53 mg),6(23 mg),7(32 mg),14(22.5 mg),15(20 mg)。Fr. B-1-1C经Sephadex LH-20凝胶(丙酮)纯化得到Fr. B-1-1C-1和Fr. B-1-1C-2 2个组分。Fr. B-1-1C-1经制备液相(乙腈-水42∶58)分离得到化合物16(27 mg)和17(5.4 mg)。Fr. B-1-1C-2经制备液相分离,乙腈-水34∶66等度洗脱得到化合物18(23.7 mg)。Fr. B-1-2经Sephadex LH-20凝胶(甲醇)以及制备液相(乙腈-水35∶65)纯化得到化合物8(150 mg),9(13 mg),19(6.4 mg)。Fr.B-2部位经Sephadex LH-20凝胶(丙酮)纯化得到4个组分(Fr.B-2-1~Fr.B-2-4)。Fr.B-2-1经制备液相(乙腈-水32∶68)分離得到化合物10(7 mg)。Fr.B-2-2经制备液相分离,乙腈-水35∶65等度洗脱得到化合物11(20 mg)。Fr.B-2-4经制备液相(乙腈-水30∶70)纯化得到化合物12(7 mg),结构见图1。

3 结构鉴定

化合物1 为白色粉末,[α] +63.9°(c 0.147,MeOH)。由HR-ESI-MS m/z 573.307 1[M-H]-,计算值为573.306 9,给出分子式为C32H46O9,不饱和度为10。IR光谱显示化合物1含有羟基(3 450 cm-1)、羰基(1 748 cm-1)和α,β-不饱和酮(1 695 cm-1)。UV280 nm紫外吸收也说明了α,β-不饱和酮的存在。1H-NMR谱显示7个单峰甲基[δH 0.83(s),0.89 (s),1.03 (s),1.26 (s),1.33(s),1.73 (s),2.21 (s)]和1个双峰甲基[δH 1.01 (d)]信号。13C-NMR谱结合HSQC谱显示化合物1含有32个碳,包括8个甲基信号,7个亚甲基信号,5个次甲基信号(含有2个氧化次甲基信号δC 77.4(C-25)和79.3(C-12)),12个季碳,其中有3个酮羰基信号δC 194.0(C-11),198.9(C-7)和206.1(C-15),2个羧基信号δC 178.3(C-26)和170.1(C-OCO-),1个氧化sp3季碳信号δC 77.2(C-3)见表1。以上数据提示1是为1个乙酰基化的羊毛甾烷型三萜酸。与文献[10]中20-hydroxylucidenic acid E2数据比较,多了1个双峰甲基和2个亚甲基信号,由此推测1是1个侧链没有被降解的羊毛甾烷型三萜酸。通过HMBC和1H-1H COSY,见图2,相关信号可以确定侧链结构。HMBC谱可以观察到δH 1.01(H-21)与δC 45.4(C-17)、33.0(C-20)和29.8(C-22)有相关信号,δH 1.26 (H-27)与δC 77.2(C-25)、31.5(C-24)和178.3(C-26)的相关信号,δH 2.45(H-24a)和δH 2.31(H-24b)与178.3(C-26)有相关信号。结合1H-1H COSY谱图所确定的H-21/H-20/H-22/H-23/H-24的结构,化合物1母核的4个环以及C-12乙酰基通过HMBC和1H-1H COSY谱的相关信号确认,最终确定1的平面结构。ROESY中δH 3.26(H-3)与δH 1.03(H-28)的相关信号,以及δH 5.63(H-12)与δH 1.73(H-30)的相关信号提示3-OH和12-OAc均为β构型[11]。化合物1的结构为12β-acetoxy-3β,25-dihydroxy-7,11,15-trioxo-lanost-8-en-26-oic acid。

化合物2 白色粉末;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:5.63(1H,s,H-12),3.27(1H,dd,J=10.6,5.5 Hz,H-3),2.24(3H,s,H-OAc),1.72(3H,s,H-30),1.33(3H,s,H-19),1.21(3H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-27),1.02(3H,s,H-28),0.98(3H,d,J=7.7 Hz,H-21),0.88(3H,s,H-29),0.82(3H,s,H-18);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:33.1(C-1),27.0(C-2),77.3(C-3),39.0(C-4),51.2(C-5),36.5(C-6),198.9(C-7),151.6(C-8),145.6(C-9),40.3(C-10),193.8(C-11),79.1(C-12),47.8(C-13),58.4(C-14),205.9(C-15),37.7(C-16),44.5(C-17),12.0(C-18),17.8(C-19),29.2(C-20),21.5(C-21),48.2(C-22),207.5(C-23),46.2(C-24),34.4(C-25),180.6(C-26),16.8(C-27),21.1(C-28),27.7(C-29),15.4(C-30),170.2(12-CO-OAc),20.7(12-Me-OAc)。以上数据与文献[12]数据对比,鉴定化合物2为ganoderic acid H。

化合物3 白色粉末;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:5.61(1H,s,H-12),4.82(1H,dd,J=12.4,8.8 Hz,H-7),3.20(1H,dd,J=10.4,6.0 Hz,H-3),2.26(3H,s,H-OAc),1.49(3H,s,H-30),1.26(3H,s,H-19),1.21(3H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-27),1.02(3H,s,H-28),0.97(3H,d,J=5.2 Hz,H-21),0.96(3H,s,H-18),0.83(3H,s,H-29);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:34.4(C-1),27.4(C-2),78.7(C-3),38.5(C-4),49.1(C-5),26.7(C-6),66.2(C-7),155.7(C-8),143.0(C-9),38.5(C-10),192.0(C-11),79.5(C-12),49.9(C-13),60.6(C-14),216.2(C-15),37.9(C-16),45.3(C-17),13.3(C-18),18.6(C-19),28.2(C-20),22.0(C-21),47.8(C-22),207.2(C-23),46.3(C-24),34.5(C-25),180.1(C-26),16.9(C-27),28.1(C-28),15.4(C-29),24.0(C-30),170.5(12-CO-OAc),20.9(12-Me-OAc)。以上数据与文献[13]数据对比,鉴定化合物3为12β-acetoxy-3β,7β-dihydroxy-11,15,23-trioxo-lanost -8,16-dien-26-oic acid (ganoderic acid K)。

化合物4 白色粉末;1H-NMR(CD3OD,400 MHz)δ:6.24(1H,s,H-22),4.92(1H,dd,J=9.2,8.0 Hz,H-7),2.14(3H,s,H-21),1.42(3H,s,H-30),1.21(3H,s,H-19),1.17(3H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-27),1.13(3H,s,H-29),1.09(3H,s,H-28),0.88(3H,s,H-18);13C-NMR(CD3OD,100 MHz)δ:36.7(C-1),30.7(C-2),219.5(C-3),47.8(C-4),49.6(C-5),29.1(C-6),67.1(C-7),159.8(C-8),142.3(C-9),39.3(C-10),199.5(C-11),50.2(C-12),59.5(C-13),47.1(C-14),217.0(C-15),39.0(C-16),50.8(C-17),19.6(C-18),18.6(C-19),155.4(C-20),21.1(C-21),126.0(C-22),200.9(C-23),48.4(C-24),35.1(C-25),179.9(C-26),17.6(C-27),21.1(C-28),27.5(C-29),25.5(C-30)。以上數据与文献[14]数据对比,鉴定化合物4为ganoderenic acid D。

化合物5 白色粉末;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:4.85(1H,t,J=4.4 Hz,H-7),1.35(3H,s,H-30),1.25(3H,s,H-19),1.22(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-27),1.12(3H,s,H-28),1.10(3H,s,H-29),1.03(3H,s,H-18),0.99(3H,d,J=5.2 Hz,H-21);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:35.5(C-1),34.1(C-2),216.7(C-3),46.6(C-4),48.7(C-5),27.5(C-6),66.2(C-7),157.7(C-8),141.1(C-9),38.1(C-10),197.6(C-11),50.0(C-12),44.9(C-13),59.2(C-14),217.5(C-15),40.8(C-16),45.6(C-17),17.5(C-18),18.0(C-19),31.8(C-20),19.5(C-21),48.9(C-22),207.7(C-23),46.5(C-24),34.5(C-25),180.5(C-26),16.8(C-27),26.9(C-28),20.6(C-29),24.6(C-30)。以上数据与文献[14]数据对比,鉴定化合物5为ganoderic acid C1。

化合物6 白色粉末;1H-NMR(CD3OD,400 MHz)δ:4.82(1H,dd,overlapped,H-7)4.43(1H,s,H-12),3.15(1H,dd,J=11.6,4.8 Hz,H-3),1.43(3H,s,H-30),1.28(3H,s,H-19),1.16(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-27),1.10(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz,H-21),1.02(3H,s,H-28),0.84(3H,s,H-29),0.81(3H,s,H-18);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:35.9(C-1),28.2(C-2),79.0(C-3),39.6(C-4),50.5(C-5),28.1(C-6),67.5(C-7),158.1(C-8),143.7(C-9),39.5(C-10),201.2(C-11),79.6(C-12),52.8(C-13),61.3(C-14),218.4(C-15),38.6(C-16),47.3(C-17),13.8(C-18),19.2(C-19),29.6(C-20),22.1(C-21),49.6(C-22),211.1(C-23),46.9(C-24),36.2(C-25),179.6(C-26),17.5(C-27),16.4(C-28),28.6(C-29),23.6(C-30)。以上数据与文献[12]数据对比,鉴定化合物6为ganoderic acid G。

化合物7 白色粉末;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:5.73(1H,s,H-16),4.79(1H,dd,J=10.0,7.6 Hz,H-7),3.25(1H,t,J=6.4 Hz,H-3),1.47(3H,s,H-30),1.25(3H,s,H-19),1.22(3H,d,overlapped,H-27),1.21(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz,H-21),1.20(3H,s,H-18),1.05(3H,s,H-28),0.86(3H,s,H-29);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:34.7(C-1),27.7(C-2),78.3(C-3),38.7(C-4),49.7(C-5),26.1(C-6),67.2(C-7),158.2(C-8),142.0(C-9),39.2(C-10),198.2(C-11),44.4(C-12),51.7(C-13),58.7(C-14),210.7(C-15),123.5(C-16),188.8(C-17),29.7(C-18),18.6(C-19),28.3(C-20),20.9(C-21),49.4(C-22),206.1(C-23),45.5(C-24),34.4(C-25),179.5(C-26),17.0(C-27),28.2(C-28),15.6(C-29),33.2(C-30)。以上数据与文献[15]数据对比,鉴定化合物7为3β,7β-dihydroxy-11,15,23-trioxo-lanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid。

化合物8 白色粉末;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:4.80(1H,t,J=9.2 Hz,H-7),3.21(1H,dd,J=10.8,5.6 Hz,H-3),1.37(3H,s,H-30),1.23(3H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-27),1.22(3H,s,H-28),1.03(3H,s,H-29),1.00(3H,s,H-19),0.99(3H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-21),0.85(3H,s,H-18);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:34.8(C-1),26.6(C-2),78.4(C-3),26.6(C-4),49.2(C-5),27.7(C-6),66.9(C-7),156.9(C-8),142.8(C-9),38.6(C-10),197.9(C-11),50.3(C-12),45.3(C-13),59.4(C-14),218.5(C-15),40.9(C-16),45.6(C-17),17.4(C-18),18.5(C-19),32.0(C-20),19.6(C-21),49.0(C-22),207.6(C-23),46.6(C-24),34.4(C-25),179.9(C-26),16.9(C-27),28.2(C-28),15.4(C-29),24.4(C-30)。以上数据与文献[16]数据对比,鉴定化合物8为ganoderic acid B。

化合物9 白色粉末;1H-NMR(CD3OD,400 MHz)δ:4.58(1H,s,H-12),3.21(1H,dd,J=10.4,6.4 Hz,H-3),1.66(3H,s,H-30),1.36(3H,s,H-29),1.15(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-21),1.09(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz,H-27),1.00(3H,s,H-19),0.88(3H,s,H-28),0.67(3H,s,H-18);13C-NMR(CD3OD,100 MHz)δ:34.4(C-1),28.3(C-2),78.2(C-3),38.7(C-4),52.7(C-5),36.1(C-6),201.4(C-7),153.1(C-8),147.4(C-9),40.2(C-10),202.9(C-11),79.0(C-12),47.4(C-13),59.2(C-14),211.2(C-15),38.7(C-16),41.6(C-17),11.5(C-18),18.3(C-19),30.4(C-20),21.9(C-21),50.9(C-22),209.6(C-23),46.6(C-24),37.6(C-25),179.0(C-26),17.5(C-27),20.8(C-28),16.1(C-29),28.0(C-30)。以上數据与文献[17]数据对比,鉴定化合物9为ganoderic acid C6。

化合物10 白色粉末;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:4.33(1H,t,J=6.8 Hz,H-15),3.29(1H,dd,J=11.2,4.8 Hz,H-3),1.29(3H,s,H-19),1.22(3H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-27),1.14(3H,s,H-30),1.03(3H,s,H-28),0.89(6H,s,H-18 and H-29),0.86(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz,H-21);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:34.2(C-1),27.6(C-2),77.5(C-3),40.1(C-4),49.8(C-5),29.7(C-6),205.4(C-7),154.6(C-8),149.8(C-9),38.8(C-10),201.3(C-11),52.3(C-12),48.0(C-13),52.8(C-14),72.1(C-15),36.2(C-16),49.4(C-17),17.4(C-18),17.5(C-19),32.4(C-20),19.4(C-21),36.4(C-22),208.4(C-23),46.5(C-24),34.3(C-25),179.2(C-26),16.9(C-27),27.7(C-28),20.2(C-29),15.4(C-30)。以上数据与文献[17]数据对比,鉴定化合物10为3β,15α-dihydroxy-7,11,23-trioxo-lanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid (ganoderic acid K)。

化合物11 白色粉末;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:4.78(1H,t,J=8.0 Hz,H-15),4.62(1H,t,J=8.0 Hz,H-7),1.28(3H,s,H-30),1.25(3H,s,H-19),1.22(3H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-27),1.12(3H,s,H-29),1.10(3H,s,H-28),0.97(3H,s,H-18),0.89(3H,d,J=6.0 Hz,H-21);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:34.7(C-1),34.3(C-2),217.0(C-3),46.5(C-4),48.9(C-5),28.9(C-6),68.9(C-7),159.2(C-8),140.4(C-9),38.0(C-10),199.7(C-11),51.7(C-12),46.8(C-13),53.9(C-14),72.4(C-15),36.2(C-16),47.9(C-17),17.3(C-18),19.3(C-19),32.0(C-20),19.5(C-21),49.6(C-22),208.9(C-23),46.7(C-24),35.6(C-25),180.3(C-26),17.0(C-27),27.2(C-28),20.7(C-29),19.7(C-30)。以上数据与文献[16]数据对比,鉴定化合物11为ganoderic acid A。

化合物12 白色粉末;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:4.40(1H,dd,J=8.6,5.6 Hz,H-15),1.22(3H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-27),1.18(3H,s,H-30),1.12(6H,s,H-19,28),1.08(3H,s,H-29),0.91(3H,s,H-18),0.86(3H,d,J=6.0 Hz,H-21);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:35.0(C-1),34.2(C-2),218.3(C-3),46.9(C-4),51.5(C-5),16.6(C-6),29.6(C-7),163.7(C-8),138.5(C-9),37.1(C-10),198.4(C-11),51.7(C-12),46.7(C-13),53.5(C-14),72.8(C-15),38.4(C-16),48.5(C-17),17.2(C-18),19.0(C-19),32.5(C-20),19.3(C-21),49.4(C-22),208.5(C-23),46.5(C-24),34.6(C-25),180.8(C-26),16.9(C-27),27.7(C-28),20.5(C-29),18.8(C-30)。以上数据与文献[18]数据对比,鉴定化合物12为ganolucidic acid A。

化合物13 白色粉末;1H-NMR(CD3OD,400 MHz)δ:5.68(1H,s,H-12),3.20(1H,dd,J=18.0,5.0 Hz,H-3),2.18(3H,s,H-OAc),1.73(3H,s,H-30),1.34(3H,s,H-19),1.01(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-21),1.00(3H,s,H-28),0.88(3H,s,H-29),0.82(3H,s,H-18);13C-NMR(CD3OD,100 MHz)δ: 34.4(C-1),28.0(C-2),78.1(C-3),41.8(C-4),52.7(C-5),37.6(C-6),195.6(C-7),153.2(C-8),147.2(C-9),40.2(C-10),201.2(C-11),80.8(C-12),48.6(C-13),59.8(C-14),208.9(C-15),38.2(C-16),46.5(C-17),12.6(C-18),18.3(C-19),33.9(C-20),20.6(C-21),31.2(C-22),32.7(C-23),178.4(C-24),28.3(C-28),16.1(C-29),21.6(C-30),171.7(12-CO-OAc),20.9(12-Me-OAc)。以上数据与文献[12]数据对比,鉴定化合物13为lucidenic acid E2。

化合物14 白色粉末;1H-NMR(CD3OD,400 MHz)δ:4.80(1H,dd,overlapped,H-7),3.14(1H,dd,J=11.6,4.6 Hz,H-3),1.37(3H,s,H-30),1.21(3H,s,H-19),1.02(3H,s,H-29),0.98(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz,H-21),0.96(3H,s,H-28),0.83(3H,s,H-18); 13C-NMR(CD3OD,100 MHz)δ:36.0(C-1),28.3(C-2),79.0(C-3),39.7(C-4),50.3(C-5),28.0(C-6),68.0(C-7),158.8(C-8),144.1(C-9),39.9(C-10),200.5(C-11),51.5(C-12),47.1(C-13),60.5(C-14),218.8(C-15),41.9(C-16),49.6(C-17),17.8(C-18),18.9(C-19),36.4(C-20),18.5(C-21),30.8(C-22),32.1(C-23),179.2(C-24),32.1(C-28),28.7(C-29),16.2(C-30)。以上數据与文献[19]数据对比,鉴定化合物14为lucidenic acid N。

化合物15 白色粉末;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:5.61(1H,s,H-12),4.81(1H,t,J=4.4 Hz,H-7),3.20(1H,dd,J=10.4,6.0 Hz,H-3),2.21(3H,s,H-OAc),1.49(3H,s,H-30),1.26(3H,s,H-19),1.03(3H,s,H-28),0.99(3H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-21),0.98(3H,s,H-18),0.85(3H,s,H-29);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:34.4(C-1),27.4(C-2),78.2(C-3),38.5(C-4),49.2(C-5),26.7(C-6),66.2(C-7),155.9(C-8),142.9(C-9),38.5(C-10),192.0(C-11),79.8(C-12),49.9(C-13),60.6(C-14),216.5(C-15),37.6(C-16),46.1(C-17),13.2(C-18),18.6(C-19),32.0(C-20),20.4(C-21),29.5(C-22),29.7(C-23),178.0(C-24),28.1(C-28),15.4(C-29),24.2(C-30),170.2(C-CO-OAc),20.9(C-Me-OAc)。以上数据与文献[20]数据对比,鉴定化合物15为lucidenic acid P。

化合物16 白色粉末;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:4.83(1H,t,J=8.4 Hz,H-7),4.37(1H,s,H-12),1.45(3H,s,H-30),1.44(3H,s,H-19),1.15(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-21),1.13(3H,s,H-28),1.13(3H,s,H-29),0.83(3H,s,H-18);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:35.2(C-1),34.2(C-2),215.7(C-3),47.0(C-4),49.5(C-5),27.8(C-6),65.8(C-7),158.3(C-8),140.5(C-9),37.9(C-10),199.7(C-11),78.3(C-12),51.7(C-13),60.2(C-14),217.1(C-15),37.7(C-16),46.6(C-17),12.1(C-18),18.3(C-19),31.6(C-20),21.5(C-21),29.3(C-22),31.7(C-23),178.2(C-24),26.3(C-28),21.2(C-29),23.3(C-30)。以上數据与文献[21]数据对比,鉴定化合物16为lucidenic acid B。

化合物17 白色粉末;1H-NMR(CD3OD,400 MHz)δ:4.89(1H,dd,J=9.2,7.6 Hz,H-7),1.37(3H,s,H-30),1.22(3H,s,H-19),1.12(3H,s,H-28),1.09(3H,s,H-29),0.99(3H,s,H-18),0.99(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-21);13C-NMR(CD3OD,100 MHz)δ:32.0(C-1),35.2(C-2),219.6(C-3),47.8(C-4),48.6(C-5),29.0(C-6),67.3(C-7),160.0(C-8),142.4(C-9),39.3(C-10),200.2(C-11),51.4(C-12),46.3(C-13),60.4(C-14),218.8(C-15),42.0(C-16),47.2(C-17),18.2(C-18),18.7(C-19),36.4(C-20),18.4(C-21),32.0(C-22),36.7(C-23),178.1(C-24),21.1(C-28),27.5(C-29),25.2(C-30)。以上数据与文献[21]数据对比,鉴定化合物17为lucidenic acid A。

化合物18 白色粉末;1H-NMR(acetone-d6,400 MHz)δ:4.82(1H,t,J=8.8 Hz,H-7),4.51(1H,s,H-12),3.16(1H,dd,J=11.6,4.8 Hz,H-3),1.53(3H,s,H-30),1.29(3H,s,H-19),1.16(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-21),1.03(3H,s,H-18),0.86(3H,s,H-28),0.80(3H,s,H-29);13C-NMR(acetone-d6,100 MHz)δ:35.1(C-1),23.2(C-2),78.0(C-3),38.6(C-4),49.7(C-5),27.8(C-6),66.8(C-7),158.8(C-8),142.4(C-9),39.3(C-10),200.9(C-11),78.9(C-12),52.6(C-13),61.0(C-14),218.1(C-15),39.0(C-16),47.2(C-17),12.3(C-18),19.2(C-19),32.5(C-20),20.7(C-21),30.7(C-22),32.1(C-23),174.8(C-24),28.5(C-28),16.0(C-29),12.3(C-30)。以上数据与文献[21]数据对比,鉴定化合物18为lucidenic acid C。

化合物19 白色粉末;1H-NMR(CD3OD,400 MHz)δ:4.83(1H,s,H-7),3.20(1H,dd,J=11.2,4.8 Hz,H-3),1.67(3H,s,H-30),1.36(3H,s,H-19),1.12(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-21),1.00(3H,s,H-28),0.88(3H,s,H-29),0.66(3H,s,H-18);13C-NMR(acetone-d6,100 MHz)δ:33.8(C-1),28.3(C-2),78.1(C-3),41.6(C-4),47.1(C-5),34.4(C-6),203.0(C-7),153.0(C-8),147.4(C-9),40.2(C-10),20.4(C-11),79.1(C-12),52.8(C-13),59.2(C-14),210.0(C-15),38.5(C-16),50.9(C-17),16.1(C-18),18.3(C-19),37.6(C-20),20.6(C-21),31.5(C-22),33.0(C-23),178.6(C-24),28.0(C-28),11.5(C-29),20.9(C-30)。以上数据与文献[22]数据对比,鉴定化合物19为lucidenic acid L。

4 結论与讨论

三萜是灵芝重要的活性成份,尤其是20世纪80年代灵芝酸A和B被报道后,其受到广泛的关注。灵芝多种生物功能与灵芝三萜有关,灵芝三萜的含量甚至作为判断灵芝真伪和灵芝质量的依据[23]。灵芝作为传统药物发挥临床疗效是以水煎剂的形式服用,但是灵芝水提物中的三萜成分很少被报道。为了解灵芝水提物中的三萜成分组成,建全含有灵芝药物制剂的质量控制标准奠定基础,课题组对灵芝三萜化学成分全面系统的研究。本研究系统的探索了灵芝三萜酸的化学成分组成,得到1个新的化合物和18个已知化合物。与其他常见灵芝三萜酸相比较,化合物在C-23位没有酮基,但在C-25位含有羟基,这种基团取代的三萜化合物在灵芝中很少报道,类似的片段仅见于少量的灵芝醇化合物中。此外,本研究为进一步生物活性研究以及含有灵芝的药物制剂制定质量控制标准提供了物质基础。

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