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优化高中英语写作教学的有效途径

2017-06-12陈小玲

广西教育·B版 2017年3期
关键词:有效途径写作教学探讨

陈小玲

【摘 要】本文針对高中英语写作教学存在的问题,论述在高中英语写作教学中运用演示法、创造法以及拓展运用课文中的句型三种策略,旨在提高学生的英语写作能力,从而在高考及生活中具有更强的竞争力。

【关键词】高中英语 写作教学 有效途径 探讨

【中图分类号】G 【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】0450-9889(2017)03B-0130-03

高中英语的写作能力,反映出个人的英语功底和英语书面表达能力的水平。英语写作在各种英语考试和日常生活中有着举足轻重的地位并日益重要。在高考英语试题中,英语书面表达是必考的一道题,占总分的 25%,而且英语书面表达题直接影响到对其他题目的理解与作答。高中阶段掌握一些英语写作方法,高考时,英语科就会得心应手,在众多考生中英语写作优秀者具有更强的竞争力。但目前,高中学生在英语学习过程中,英语写作往往是最令人担心的,是英语听、说、读、写四项基本技能最薄弱的环节。多年以来,受传统教学观念的影响,高中英语教学把教学重点放在单词短语的记忆、知识点的讲解、语法项目的背诵,英语写作教学鲜有可行有效的方法,大多数是以背诵高考范文和优秀习作为主要的英语写作教学手段。因此,即使学生掌握了大量的单词、短语,熟悉语法项目,能背熟范文,也无法写出符合英语习惯的地道的英语作文,更别说在作文中熟练地运用高级英语句式。英语作文严重受到汉语思维的影响,不懂如何排列英语句子的顺序,不懂分析英语句子的结构成分,不会运用从句、复合句、非谓语等。其主要原因是学生在英语学习的过程中,对于教科书里或者课外书里所学过的从句、复合句、独立主格、非谓语等的运用率不高,不能熟练灵活地将它们运用于写作中。基于以上原因,笔者从以下几个方面来探讨高中英语写作的教学途径,摒弃传统的教学观念,在英语写作教学的过程中,提高学生的英语写作能力。

一、在高中英语写作教学中运用演示法

教师在不同的写作教学课堂上给学生展示不同作文类型的模板(英语写作模板包括议论文模板,记叙文模板,说明文模板,图表作文模板,写信、写电子邮件模板,写路线、地图模板等)。教师通过展示不同类型的写作模板,进行示范性教学,每次经过模板展示教学后,在实践过程中让学生学习套用相应的模板进行英语写作,并布置作业,通过在写作中运用模板以达到加强巩固相应的写作知识,同时降低学习难度,提高学生的学习兴趣和发展学生的观察能力。在以后的英语考试或生活当中,遇到类似的英语写作题目就不会慌张而是胸有成竹、迎刃而解了。

(一)示范性教学

例如:教学生如何写图表作文。先教学生认识图表(图表的表达形式通常有柱形图、曲线图、表格、饼状图),如下所示:

再展示如何写图表作文,见表 1。

请根据表 1,写一篇文章,要求描述变化并得出结论,词数 100 左右。

向学生展示如何写一篇优秀的有关图表的作文模板:

步骤一,写下关键词:show,change,rise/increase from … to,fall/drop/decrease from…to…,… on the decrease/on the rise,for the reasons,on the one hand …,on the other hand…等。

步骤二,根据关键词扩写句子:As is shown from the table…;Great changes have taken place;The expenses on food,drink and clothing fell from 40% to 25%;The expenses on transport and recreation,education and housing have been on the rise;The reasons are as follows;Peoples living standard has been improved;People paid much more importance to education and living conditions.

步骤三,把句子连成文章。

As is shown from the table,great changes have taken place in peoples expenses from 2007 to 2010.

The expenses on food,drink and clothing fell from 40% in 2007 to 25% in 2010.On the contrary,the expenses on transport and recreation,education and housing have been on the rise. For the former,only 10% was spent on it in 2007,but the rate doubled in 2010.The same also goes for the latter.The rate rose from 30% in 2007 to 40% in 2010.

From the above,we can see that peoples living level has been rising greatly in the past 4 years.The reasons are as follows:on the one hand,peoples living standard has been improved.On the other hand,people paid much more importance to education and living conditions.

最后总结规律。图表式作文写作分三步:第一步开头,简要描述图表,点明主题;第二步正文,分析数据的差异及变化;第三步结尾,说明原因,得出结论或预测。图表式作文写作要求学生通过对数据和文字内容进行分析与讨论,系统准确地表达内容,并得出令人心服的结论。

(二)学以致用,课堂巩固练习

例如:请根据图1“广西 2012—2015 年参加三月三(Shangsi Festival)庆祝活动的人数调查图”写一篇文章,要求描述变化并得出结论,词数 100 左右。

用实物投影仪展示部分学生的课堂练习并加以点评,表扬优秀的作文以及文中优美的句子。展示范文,并分析范文中的高级句式。

As is shown in the chart,the rate of people celebrating the Shangsi Festival increased in the past four years from 2012 to 2015.

Back in 2012,only 40% people celebrated it;two years later,the rate became 60%.Compared with 60% in 2014,the rate rose to 80% in 2015.Clearly,it is tending to increase.

The reasons are as follows:for one thing,most people can have a two-day holiday during the Shangsi Festival.For another,the pressure from work and study being heavier and heavier,people want to relax themselves. Whats more,people now pay much more importance to traditional folk festivals.

Personally,we should promote traditional Chinese culture.Meanwhile,while celebrating,we are supposed to protect the environment and pay attention to our behavior and safety.Only when we all do these can we live a better life.

二、在高中英语写作教学中运用模仿创造法

模仿创造法就是在学习高中英语教科书上的具体的短语、句型时进行模仿创造性地拓展句子和段落。如:1.quantities of. 2.be made from.3.It takes(sb.)+ 精力/时间+ to do sth.表示“做某事花费(某人)多少精力/时间”。4.advocate(doing) sth.提倡(做)某事。5.It is said that…针对学生在教科书的课文上已经学过很多短语、句型但不会灵活运用到写作中的情况,模仿创造法会起到很好的作用,运用在英语写作中会收到较好的效果。例如:学习普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语选修 6 Unit 4 Using Language 中的句子和段落:I am doing a project on behalf of my school about global warmming.Sometimes I feel that individuals can have little effect on such huge environmental problems.However…布置学生作业:模仿课文的第一段,根据下列提示完成写作。假如你是李华,代表班级正在做一项有关有害塑料袋的课题研究,由于不懂从哪里入手,向《钦州日报》编辑寻求建议,请根据以上信息写一封信。(词数 100 左右,行文要连贯,要适当添加支持句)

One possible version

Dear Editor,Dec.27,2016

Im doing a project on behalf of my class about the harmful effects of plastic bags.Some people think that individuals can have little effect on this problem.However,I still think people should act to reduce the use of plastic bags for it takes several hundred years to break down plastic bags which do great harm to the environment and many deaths of plants and animals result from plastic bags.As Im not sure where to start with my project,I would appreciate it if you give me some help.Thank you!

Li hua.

三、在高中英语写作教学中拓展运用课文中的句型

高中学生每学习一篇课文都会遇到一些高级的句型和优美的句子(如强调句型、定语从句、名词性从句、倒装句、with的结构等)。教师务必要在课堂教学过程中教学生如何拓展运用高级句型,使学生能够在课后掌握好这些高级句型和优美的句子,并能够加以拓展,举一反三地运用这些高级句型和优美的句子。这样,学生的英语写作能力和写作水平就能够有一个比较高的飞跃。不言而喻,英语写作教学也会收到显著的效果。例如:学习普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语选修 6 Unit 5 the Lake of Heaven一文中的倒装句型Among the rare animals are cranes,black bears,leopards and tigers.教师先教学生学习、拓展英语中表语前置的倒装句有下列五种情况:1.介词短语做表语前置,On the second floor is a big cinema.2.形容词做表语前置,Present at the meeting were Professor Smith and his students. 3.分词做表语前置,Gone are the days when we had to be in the mercy of weather.4.as/though引导的让步倒装句,Tired as/though he is,he offers to help me.5.so/such位于句首的倒装句,So angry was he that he couldnt speak;Such an angry boy was he that he couldnt speak.

学以致用:运用所学过的倒装句型翻译下列短文:昨天晚饭时没看见我小弟,我妈妈叫我去卧室找他,我刚刚走到顶级楼梯,这时我听到从卧室传来声音。我慢慢地打开房门,发现小弟正躺在床上睡着了。小弟如此可爱,我们都很喜欢他。

One possible version

Absent from supper last evening was my little brother.My mom asked me to go to the bedroom to find him.I was about to get to the top of the stairs when I heard a noise coming from the bedroom.Slowly,I opened the door and there,lying in the bed was my little brother.So cute was he that we all loved him very much.

总的来说,想要取得显著的高中英语写作教学效果,教师就要在教学课堂上注意引导学生注重运用所学过的知识,教育学生平时要多积累词汇、短语、句型,在写作过程中适当增加过渡词(如:more importantly、besides、however、therefore等),使文章更连贯、流畅。

【参考文献】

[1]王建文.高中英語写作有效教学途径[J].文科爱好者:教育教学版,2010(2)

[2]张 蕊.高中英语写作有效教学途径的探讨[J].读写算·教育教学研究,2013(16)

[3]董家鹏.高中英语写作教学的有效途径——写作教学与阅读教学相结合[J].中学课程辅导:教学研究,2016(10)

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