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从英语写作课谈范文仿写教学的基本思路

2017-06-12廖道文符彬文

广西教育·B版 2017年2期
关键词:仿写范文思路

廖道文+符彬文

【摘 要】本文以高中英语人教版选修模块七第三单元中投诉信的仿写教学课例为例,阐述了英语范文仿写教学的基本思路,尝试解决英语范文仿写教学中的两个关键问题:即仿什么? 写什么?旨在探索高中英语写作教学的有效途径,提高高中英语写作教学的效率。

【关键词】写作教学 范文 仿写 思路

【中图分类号】G 【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】0450-9889(2017)02B-0118-04

何谓范文仿写?“仿”就是模仿,“写”就是写作。范文仿写就是“仿+写”,即模仿他人的文章进行写作。

为探索高中英语写作教学的有效途径,分享与交流高中英语写作教學的经验,北海市第七中学老师符彬文提出“三仿二写五步骤”的教学思路:即仿什么?写什么?怎样仿?怎样写?下面以本节课为例,阐述英语范文仿写教学的基本思路。

一、“仿写”课堂呈现

【Step 1】呈现范文

教师从自己一次网购经历(商家发错货)入手,引入话题,提问学生:If you were me, what would you do? 学生给出不同的答案。最后教师向学生展示了自己的投诉信:

Dear Sir,

Im writing to express my dissatisfaction with the dress I ordered from your store. After receiving the packet, I found there was something wrong. First,you promised the packet would reach me in three days,but in fact it was delayed by two days. Whats worse,you sent me a wrong size. Therefore,I sincerely hope you can mail the packets earlier next time and I am eager to know whether you can replace it for a right one. I would appreciate that if you could take my complaint into consideration. I am looking forward to your early reply.

Yours sincerely,

Lisa

设计意图:教师通过创设情境,用“我的一次淘宝经历”引入话题,为学生提供仿写材料,又让学生觉得老师没有脱离他们的生活圈,引起他们对本节课的兴趣。

【Step 2】解读范文

教师通过设计如下几个问题引导学生阅读、分析和理解范文内容。

①What kind of letter is it?

②Why does Lisa write the letter?

③Why does Lisa complain about the packet?

④What are Lisas requirements?

设计意图:教师通过设问,引导学生解读范文,为学生写作“仿内容”打下基础。

【Step 3】归纳文体

教师通过设计以下几个问题,引导学生提炼文章的结构。

①How many parts does a letter of complaints usually have?What are they?

(Six parts. Heading,inside address,salutation,body,complimentary close and signature)

②What does the body of the letter of complaints mainly deal with?

(It deals with the purpose of writing the letter,the problems and the requirements)

设计意图:教师引导学生进一步解读文本,分析其体裁、归纳其结构,训练学生语言表达的条理性和层次性,为学生写作“仿结构”做好铺垫。

【Step 4】提炼词句

1.给原句“找替身”。要求学生先根据投诉信正文部分 3个方面内容(purpose,problems and requirements)找出其原句,然后让学生讨论,并说出类似的表达方式(见表 1)。

2.要求学生找出文章中的过渡词,并说明其用法,然后让学生说出其它的过渡词。

词。如:first,but,Whats worse.therefore,and,so,in addition,Whats more.…etc

3.要求学生阅读下列句子,注意其语气。

(1)I sincerely hope you can mail the packets earlier next time.

(2)I am eager to know whether you can replace it for a right one.

(3)I would appreciate it if you could take my complaint into consideration.

4.让学生说出其它一些表示礼貌、委婉客气的句式。如:I do hope…,I wonder if you can…,I would like to…,If I were you … I would…,I would be grateful if you …,I would appreciate it if…etc.

设计意图:教师设计了“找替身,找过渡词,体会语气句”等活动,既培养了学生的发散思维能力,又训练了学生语言表达的丰富性,连贯性和得体性,为学生写作“仿语言”打好脚手架。

【Step 5】小结(How to write a letter of complaints)

How can you write a letter of complaints?You can write it by imitating the content,structure and language of my letter.The body of a letter of complaints usually includes three aspects.The first deals with the purpose of writing the letter.The second deals with the problems.The third deals with the requirements.While writing,you should try to use the expressions you just share with us,including some linking words.Meanwhile you should write in a polite and reasonable way since it is a letter of complaints,.All these will make a good article.Have we got it?

设计意图:通过归纳总结,加深学生对此类文章内容及框架的理解与把握,强化了学生“仿什么”,让学生在接下来的“习作”训练中做到有文可“仿”,有文会“仿”。

【Step 6】习作训练

假如你是李华,请你根据下面三张图片的内容给你们校长写一封信反映食堂存在的问题,并提出建议或要求。字数要求 100 字左右。

1.教师提问“Are you satisfied with our school canteen?”引入习作话题。

2.教师出示前几天在学校食堂拍的三张照片(如下图),让学生讨论食堂存在的问题,并提出建议或要求(写提纲)。

Problems Requirements

Picture 1 wait in long lines,too crowded open more windows

Picture 2 high price bring down the price

Picture 3 find sand in our food be more careful while preparing our food

3. 讨论后,让学生完成习作。

4. 要求学生先根据教师提供的互评表进行互评互改,然后叫部分学生展示和分享她们的作品。

以下是一位学生的仿写习作:

Dear headmaster,

I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about our school canteen.

First,our school canteen is too crowded.It takes us a long time to get our dishes.In addition,the price of some food is so high that some poor students are burdened heavily.Whats worse,we sometimes find sand in the food.So I do hope they can open more windows for us and should be more careful while preparing our food.I wonder if they can bring down the price of some food.

Thank you for your consideration and I am looking forward to your reply.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

設计意图:在“三仿”(仿内容、仿语言、仿结构)训练的基础上,对学生进行“写”的训练。在“写”之前,教师呈现图片,设计一个开放性的问题让学生讨论,从而激活学生的内容图式。整个环节巩固了“仿写”的技巧,达成了学以致用之目标。

【Step 7】布置作业

先讨论学校运动场存在的问题,然后请你们给校长写一封信反映问题,并提出建议或要求。字数要求 100 字左右。

二、范文仿写教学的基本思路

还原教师的课堂任务与内容,读者可了解范文仿写教学课程的基本思路为:解读范文(仿内容)—— 归纳文体(仿结构)——提炼词句(仿语言)——激活材料(写提纲)——成就仿写(写篇章)。笔者把它概括为“三仿二写五步骤”。

1.解读范文—— 仿内容

解读范文就是通过阅读和分析范文,理解其内容,并领悟作者的写作意图。在范文仿写教学中,教师通常先精心挑选一篇范文让学生解读其文本。解读文本的任务主要包括:一是读中心句,抓住文章大意。二是分析文章细节,获取支持性的细节信息(要点)。三是领悟作者的写作意图。只有对文本进行认真地解读,才能让学生感受语言,最终成为语言的模仿者、学习者或实践者。

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