浅谈如何培养学生短文改错的能力
2017-06-11张春霞
张春霞
(岷县第二中学 甘肃 定西 748400)
摘 要:短文改错是目前高考的必考项目,内容较为浅显,多为记叙文。该题并非难题,但得分率不高,考生在此题上往往失分较多,对该题感到束手无策。那么怎样找出错误就成了解题的关键。现本人结合英语教学经验,就如何培养学生短文改错的能力,予以浅析。
关键词:中学英语;短文;改错
短文改错对学生的要求较高,是对语言知识综合运用能力的考查,考查学生发现、判断、纠正文章错误的能力,进而考查学生的词法、句法及行文逻辑等方面的水平。考生在此题上往往失分较多,对该题感到束手无策。那么怎样找错误就成了解题的关键。下面跟大家分享一下短文改错题型的答题技巧。
一、短文改错解题思路和检查原则
1.句中各部分的结构是否完整,特别是每个句子要有动词;2.谓语动词的时态、语态;3.非谓语动词的用法;4.名词的单、复数,格的使用是否正确;5.定冠词和不定冠词是否正确;6.代词的格和性的使用是否有误;7.定语从句中关系代词、关系副词是否准确无误;8.并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。
二、短文改错解题四原则
改动以最少为原则;虚词以添加或删除为原则;实词以改变词形为原则;以保持句子原意为原则。
三、短文改错解题步骤
通读全文,掌握大意;整句分析,逐行推敲;反复通读,复查验证。
四、解题注意要点和能力培养
1.核对错项时,若的确有一时难以改出的地方,可以参考所改动项是否基本符合“1:1:8”的比例。即多一词1个,缺词1个,错词8个。2.核对改正的语法项目是否有重复。因为短文改错往往覆盖面广,一般不会出现重复考查某个语法点的现象。3.核对答题符号是否规范,位置是否准确,看看有无遗漏符号、忽略字母大小写和拼写等问题。
五、短文改错常见错误类型
1.谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点,常见动词错误类型有①一般现在时与一般过去时错用;②and前后动词时态不一致;③主谓不一致;④缺少动词,特别是be动词;⑤第三人称单数形式错用;⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。
A:They did not want me to do any work at home;they want me to devote all my time to my studies.(did改为do,错误类型属于①)B:As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys,visiting temples and told stories.(visiting改为visited,错误类型属于②)C:One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out.(was改为were,错误类型属于③)D;There will an important game next month.(will后加be,错误类型属于④)
2.名词的常见错误:单复数名词错用,可数名词与不可数名词错用。
A:Ill get good marks in all my subject(subject改为subjects)B:Their word were a great encouragement to me.(word改为words)C:Without enough knowledges,you can never teach well.(knowledges改为knowledge)
3.冠词错误:误用a和an(根据单词的第一个音素来判定);误用a/an和the(固定搭配,或泛指、特指;多冠词或少冠词)
A:We maybe one family and live under a same roof.(a改为the,the same是固定搭配)B:As everyone knows, its famous mountain with all kinds of pants.(mountain是可数名词需用冠词,所以其前加a)C:I hope you have pleasant journey.((journey是可数名词,故have后加a)
4.形容词和副词错误:系动词(am/is/are/was/were/become/
go)和感官性动词(smell/feel)后用形容词;词性的误用(形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词和形容词)。
A:Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. (time是名词,要用形容词wonderful修饰) B:My pronunciation was terribly.(was后用形容词,terribly改为terrible)
5.代词错误:代词的主格和宾格(I/me; he/him; she/her; we/us;they/them)错误;反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/
themselves/ourselves)使用错误;代词的单数和复数使用错误;代词指代错误;多代词或少代词。A:Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English.(me改为myself) B:One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.(to前加it)C:If anyone of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out.(other后加-s) D:Whats more, you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him.(him改为them)
6.非谓语动词的常见错误:不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时;and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致;介词后用动名词形式作宾语;某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。
A:Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper.(enjoy后需接动名词,talk改为talking)B:But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports.(go作主语,应改为going)C:Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves.(介詞后用动名词形式作宾语,read改为reading)
7.介词错误:词组中的介词误用;介词意思理解偏差;介词的多用或少用。A:There are too many people among my family.(among改为in,in my family为固定搭配)B:the moment my head touched the pillow.(去掉at,the moment引导从句)