高考语法填空之有提示词的解题技巧

饶晓

語法填空是近年来高考英语科新推出的一种题型。这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法，甚至是句法上的运用能力，能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。本题型分两种情况：一种为已给单词提示，一种为不给单词提示。

语法填空题—空格设计：

纯空格：介词，连词，代词，冠词，从句引导词，情态动词，强调助动词等。

有提示词：①给出了动词的试题——谓语动词，非谓语动词，词类转换；②词类词义转换题+名词，形容词，副词，形容词或副词的比较级或最高级。

一、给出了动词的试题的解题技巧

1.句中没有谓语，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的词与已存在谓语主语一致，且中间有并列或转折连词时，需填的词则是谓语动词，就要考虑时态和语态，时态考虑要瞻前顾后，同时还要兼顾主谓一致，虚拟语气。

例1：The first card____（design）by J.C.Horsley as a commercial endeavor.

例2：That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation，____（close）my book and walked away.

例3：All over the world，people move from place to place. More and more people____（leave）towns and farms to move to cities.This movement（move）to cities is called urbanization.

例4：Smaller cars are just one of the directions that the car industry is taking.Also the industry____（produce）cars that pollute less and have a less harmful effect on the environment these days.

例5：Nobody knows what____（happen）if she had refused to pay.

例6：His fear of failure kept him from classroom games that other children____（play）with joyous abandon.

例7：The happiest（happy）of people dont necessarily（necessary）have the best of everything；they just make the most of everything that____（come）.

2.若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用doing形式，done形式，还是to do形式。非谓语的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间的关系。

例1：...but it is not enough only____（memorize）rules from a grammar book.

例2：...____（speak）out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed，on the contrary...

技巧1：作主语或宾语时，通常用doing/being done形式表示习惯或一般情况；用to do/to be done形式表示具体情况或将来；用having done/having been done表示已发生。

例3：...____（complet）the project as planned，well have to work two more hours a day.

例4：The young student did all that he could____（pass）the examinations.

技巧2：作目的状语或者在固定结构中，一般用to do形式。

例5：He saw the stone，____（say）to himself：“The night willl be very dark.”

例6：The headmaster went into the lab，____（follow）by the foreign guests.

技巧3：分词作伴随状语，原因状语，条件状语等时，要看它与逻辑主语的关系确定形式。与句中主语是主动关系使用现在分词；与句中主语是被动关系使用过去分词。

例7：There will be a meeting，____（start）later this year to review the film.

例8：Lessons____（learn）in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.

技巧4：分词做后置定语也要看它与被修饰词之间的关系确定形式。与所修饰的名词是主动关系使用现在分词；与所修饰的名词是被动关系使用过去分词。

例9：At 9∶07pm，Sept.25，The Shenzhou Ⅶ spacecraft was lifted by the long March Ⅱ-F carrier rocket into space. The launch of the Shenzhou Ⅶ is Chinas third manned space venture since October 23，when it joined Russia and the United States as the only countries____（send）astronauts it no space.

技巧5：名词前有first，second，...last，only修饰时，后面要用to do/to have done做后置定语。

3.词类转换题的解题技巧，词类转换题要先确定所要填的单词在句中的成分。

技巧1：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。

例1：The youngster immediately fell____（silence）as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.

例2：In a____（danger）part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand，they learnt to...

例3：Teachers must try their best to make most of their students____（interest）in the subject.

技巧2：作主語，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。

例4：When Chinas ancient scientific and technological____（achieve）are mentioned，the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.

例5：...instructors expect students to be familiar with____（inform）in the reading...

技巧3：在形容词性物主代词后，或者在“冠词（+形容词）”后，用名词形式。

例6：With the large numbers of students，the____（operate）of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.

技巧4：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。

例7：As I looked____（close）at this girl，I found that...

例8：There must be something____（serious）wrong with our society.

例9：Singles are flocking（涌向）to the Internet____（main）because their busy lifestyles leave them little time...

技巧5：词义转换题。词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-，im-，il-，ir-，in-，non-，dis-等，在词根后加-less等。

例10：People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is：no knowledge is____（use）.

例11：Your mistake caused a lot of____（necessary）work in the office.

技巧6：括号中所给词为动词时，也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，有可能考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。

例12：...there was a lot of information about the citys well-known tourist____（attract）...

例13：The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could...He jumped even____（hard）and finally made himself out.

二、解题四步走

通读全文，理解大意——分析句子，确定词性——根据语义， 确定词形——检查搭配， 前后连贯。语法填空作为一种新颖的题型，能全面地考查学生的英语综合应用能力。上述十三条技巧概括了此题型的多数考查方向，在高考备考复习中能起到很好的加强作用，真正做到事半功倍，较大地提高学生在此题型上的得分率。