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上海郊区社区医务人员PICC导管维护知识认知调查

2017-04-24谢建芳

上海医药 2017年6期

谢建芳

摘 要 目的:了解社区医务人员对外周中心静脉导管(peripherally inserted central catheter,PICC)置管后日常护理相关知识的认知情况,为社区推广PICC维护技术,开展针对性培训提供依据。方法:2016年1月采用自制问卷对青浦区9家社区卫生服务中心参与团队服务的415名社区医务人员进行干预前后问卷调查。结果:社区医务人员干预前后对PICC导管维护知识知晓率从77.86%提升至95.45%,统计差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。干预后,社区护士、全科医生与乡村医生对知识的认知情况较接近。结论:社区医务人员与居家置管患者接触最密切、最直接,通过提升社区医务人员PICC导管维护知识与技能,以及时满足置管患者的服务需求。

关键词 外周中心静脉导管;社区医务人员;认知调查

中图分类号:R472.9 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2017)06-0050-03

Cognitive survey on PICC catheter maintenance knowledge of community medical workers in Shanghai suburbs

XIE Jianfang

(Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, China)

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the level of knowledge of community medical workers on regular maintenance of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) to provide a basis for the community targeted training for promotion of PICC maintenance technology. Methods: A questionnaire was designed to investigate 415 community medical workers in 9 community health service centers in Qingpu District in Jan 2016 before and after intervention. Results: After the intervention, the awareness rate of PICC catheter maintenance was increased from 77.86% to 95.45% in the community medical workers and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). In addition, the community nurses, general practitioners and rural doctors reached a similar level of understanding in relation to PICC catheter maintenance. Conclusion: Community medical workers contact with those patients for home tube care most closely and directly. To meet the service needs of patients with indwelling catheter, it is necessary to improve the knowledge and skills of PICC catheter maintenance of the community medical workers.

KEY WORDS peripherally inserted central catheter; community medical worker; cognitive survey

伴隨着科技的进步,临床输液护理的发展及患者对生活质量的更高需求,经外周中心静脉置管(PICC)已被临床广泛应用,PICC是肿瘤化疗患者安全可靠的输液通道[1-3]。通常情况下,肿瘤患者的临床治疗时间较长,且需要定期化疗,因此在化疗间歇期,PICC导管至少每7天需要维护1次,然而,目前开设PICC维护门诊的医院主要集中在二、三级医院,而需PICC维护的患者居住地分散,空间分布不均衡,难以满足患者需求[4]。2016年1月始,上海市青浦区卫生计生委对辖区内基层医院积极推广应用PICC导管维护技术,以满足置管肿瘤患者的就近维护需求,为此,本研究通过对社区基层医务人员对PICC导管维护知识的认知情况进行调查,并有针对性地开展系统化的PICC相关知识培训,以提高社区PICC导管维护技术的推广。

1 对象与方法

1.1 研究对象

2016年1月,在青浦区10家社区卫生服务中心中选择已具备PICC导管维护资质的9家作为研究对象,从中选取参加社区团队服务的415名社区医务人员进行调查,排除已获取PICC导管维护资质人员。

1.2 研究方法

1.2.1 调查工具

调查问卷由研究者在查阅大量文献基础上,经小组讨论、咨询相关专家后自行设计而成,调查内容包括:(1)一般情况问卷:包括性别、工号、年龄、工龄、职称、学历及所学专业。(2)PICC导管维护知识问卷:问卷由导管维护知识、导管相关并发症判断处理、置管患者日常生活指导、紧急情况处理方法、异常状况的观察等10个知识点,根据回答问题的正误情况计分,回答正确计1分,回答错误计0分。经预实验表明:该调查问卷内部一致性信度Cronbachs α系数为0.835,内容效度CV1值经3位专家评定为0.917,具有较好的信效度,能较好地体现本研究的目的。