臭椿皮中木脂素类成分研究
2017-04-18刘栋张建汤少男张晓琦叶文才
刘栋+张建+汤少男+张晓琦+叶文才
[摘要] 研究臭椿Ailanthus altissima皮的化学成分。采用硅胶,Sephadex LH-20,ODS,HPLC等色谱方法,从臭椿干皮95%乙醇提取物中分离得到11个化合物,通过理化性质和波谱数据鉴定为木脂素类化合物,分别为(+)-新橄榄树脂素 (1),prunustosanan AI (2),(7S,8R)-4,7,9,9′-四羟基-3,3′-二甲氧基-8-O-4′-新木脂素(3),(7R,8S)-4,7,9,9′-四羟基-3,3′-二甲氧基-8-O-4′-新木脂素(4),(7S,8R)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]-1,3-propanediol(5),pinnatifidanin B V (6),pinnatifidanin B VI (7),(7R,7′R,7″S,8S,8′S,8″S)-4′,4″-dihydroxy-3,3′,3″,5-tetramethoxy-7,9′:7′,9-diepoxy-4,8″-oxy-8,8′-sesquineolignin-7″,9″-diol (8),hedyotol D (9),5-(2-propenyl)-7-methoxy-2-(3,4-methylenediovxyphenyl)benzofuran (10),(7R,8S,7′E)-guaiacyl-glycerol-β-O-4′-sinapyl ether(11)。化合物均為首次从该植物中分离得到。
[关键词] 臭椿;苦木科;化学成分;木脂素
[Abstract] Eleven lignans were isolated from the ethanol extract of the barks of Ailanthus altissima through various column chromatography methods including silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,ODS and HPLC. By physical,chemical and comprehensive spectroscopic methods,their structures were identified as (+)-neoolivil(1),prunustosanan AI (2),(7S,8R)-guaiacyl-glycerol-β-O-4′-neolignan (3),(7R,8S)-guaiacyl-glycerol-β-O-4′-neolignan (4),(7S,8R)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]-1,3-propanediol(5),pinnatifidanin B V (6),pinnatifidanin B VI (7),(7R,7′R,7″S,8S,8′S,8″S)-4′,4″-dihydroxy-3,3′,3″,5-tetramethoxy-7,9′:7′,9-diepoxy-4,8″-oxy-8,8′-sesquineolignan-7″,9″-diol (8),hedyotol D (9),5-(2-propenyl)-7-methoxy-2-(3,4-methylenediovxyphenyl)benzofuran (10),and (7R,8S,7′E)-guaiacyl-glycerol-β-O-4′-sinapyl ether(11).All of these compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.
[Key words] Ailanthus altissima;Simaroubaceae;chemical constituent;lignans
doi:10.4268/cjcmm20162421
臭椿Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle为苦木科臭椿属植物,又名樗、黑皮樗等,主要分布于华北及长江以南各省区[1]。种子、干皮、根皮皆可入药,有清热利湿、收敛止痢等功效。民间常用于治疗湿热下注,赤白带下,久泻久痢,便血痔血,崩漏,疥癣湿疮等症[2]。现代科学研究证明,臭椿属主要化学成分为苦木苦味素类和木脂素类化合物,具有抗肿瘤、抗疟、抗菌抗病毒等多方面药理活性[3]。为了有效的利用这一资源,本课题组对臭椿进行系统的化学成分研究,前期报道了从臭椿叶中分离得到的17个苦木苦味素化合物,3个木脂素类化合物,以及香豆素和其他类成分共14个[4-5]。本实验从臭椿干皮乙醇提取物中分离得到了11个木脂素类化合物,分别鉴定为(+)-新橄榄树脂素 (1),prunustosanan AI (2),(7S,8R)-4,7,9,9′-四羟基-3,3′-二甲氧基-8-O-4′-新木脂素 (3),(7R,8S)-4,7,9,9′-四羟基-3,3′-二甲氧基-8-O-4′-新木脂素 (4),(7S,8R)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]-1,3-propanediol(5),pinnatifidanin B V(6),pinnatifidanin B VI (7),(7R,7′R,7″S,8S,8′S,8″S)-4′,4″-dihydroxy-3,3′,3″,5-tetramethoxy-7,9′:7′,9-diepoxy-4,8″-oxy-8,8′-sesquineolignan-7″,9″-diol(8),hedyotol D(9),5-(2-propenyl)-7-methoxy-2-(3-4-methylenediovxyphenyl)benzofuran(10),(7R,8S,7′E)-guaiacyl-glycerol-β-O-4′-sinapyl ether(11)。11个化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。
1 材料
JASCO V-550型紫外-可见光谱仪;JASCO FI/IR-480 Plus FourierTransform型红外光谱仪;JASCO P-1020型全自动旋光仪;Agilent 6210 LC/MS TOF质谱仪;Chirascan 圆二色谱仪;Bruker AV-300/400/500型超導核磁共振仪;薄层色谱硅胶GF254及柱色谱硅胶(200~300目)为青岛海洋化工厂生产;反相柱色谱硅胶RP-18 (50 μm)为Merck公司生产;葡萄糖凝胶SephadexLH-20为Pharmacia公司生产;所用试剂均为分析纯或色谱纯。
椿皮药材采集于山东省临沂市,由暨南大学药学院张英博士鉴定为臭椿A. altissima的干皮,植物标本(No.CP2014032704)保存于暨南大学药学院标本室。
2 提取和分离
干燥臭椿干皮19.0 kg,用95%乙醇渗漉提取4次,减压浓缩得总浸膏1.3 kg,水混悬后,依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取。
乙酸乙酯部位(344 g)经硅胶柱色谱,以环己烷-丙酮(100∶1~0∶1)梯度洗脱,得到22个部分(Fr. A~Fr. V)。Fr. H部分(42.1 g)经硅胶柱色谱,二氯甲烷-甲醇(100∶1~1∶1)梯度洗脱,得到6个流份(Fr. H-1~Fr. H-6)。Fr. H-3(5.8 g) 经凝胶Sephadex LH-20 柱色谱(甲醇),以及HPLC制备(甲醇-水,20∶80),得到化合物1(5.8 mg),2(9.2 mg),5(3.4 mg)。 Fr. H-6(400 mg) 经制备型HPLC (乙腈-水 25∶75),得到化合物8(10.3 mg),9(18.4 mg),10(7.6 mg)。Fr. T (32.3 g) 经硅胶柱色谱,氯仿-甲醇 (100∶1~1∶1) 梯度洗脱,得到4个流分(Fr. T-1~Fr. T-4)。Fr. T-2 (3.6 g) 经中低压ODS柱,以甲醇-水 (1∶4~1∶0) 梯度洗脱,得到5个流分 (Fr. T-2-1~Fr. T-2-4);Fr. T-2-1(560 mg) 经制备型HPLC (乙腈-水,50∶50),得到化合物11(6.6 mg),12(7.2 mg)。Fr. T-3 (4.4 g),经凝胶Sephadex LH-20柱色谱 (甲醇-氯仿,1∶1),得到5个流分 (Fr. T-3-1~Fr. T-3-5);Fr.T-3-5 (820 mg),经半制备型HPLC (乙腈-水,75∶25),得到化合物3(6.0 mg),4(5.8 mg),5(7.7 mg),6(2.3 mg),7(8.1 mg)。
3 结构鉴定
化合物1 淡黄色油状物,[α]25D +16.2 (c 0.52,CH3OH);UV (CH3OH) λmax(log ε) 206 (4.2),232 (3.7),282 (3.5) nm;CD (CH3CN) λmax(Δε) 242 (+3.1) nm;IR (KBr) vmax3 390,2 922,1 603,1 518,1 433,1 384 cm-1;HR-ESI-MS m/z 399.143 4[M+Na]+ (C20H24O7Na,计算值399.143 8);1H-NMR (CD3OD,300 MHz) δ: 7.01 (2H,d,J=1.9 Hz,H-2,2′),6.85(2H,dd,J =8.1,1.9 Hz,H-6,6′),6.76(2H,d,J=8.1 Hz,H-5,5′),4.92 (2H,d, J=8.0,H-7,7′),3.86(6H,s,3,3′-OCH3),3.68 (2H,dd,J=11.3,3.5 Hz,H-9a,9′a),3.58 (2H,m,H-9b,9′b),2.29 (2H,m,H-8,8′);13C-NMR(CD3OD,75 MHz) δ: 149.1 (C-3,3′),147.4(C-4,4′),134.9(C-1,1′),120.5 (C-6,6′),116.0(C-5,5′),111.2(C-2,2′),84.4 (C-7,7′),61.8(C-9,9′),56.4(3,3′-OCH3),55.4 (C-8,8′)。以上数据与文献[6]报道数据对比,故鉴定化合物1为(+)-新橄榄树脂素。
化合物2 无色油状物,[α]25D-12.2 (c 0.56,CH3OH);UV (CH3OH)λmax(log ε) 206 (4.5),232 (4.3),288 (4.1) nm;CD (CH3CN)λmax(Δε) 228 (+2.6),291 (-1.34) nm;IR (KBr) vmax 3 427,2 943,1 661,1 592,1 497,1 463,1 427,1 153,1 118 cm-1;HR-ESI-MS m/z 375.143 5[M+H]+ (C20H23O7,计算值375.143 2);1H-NMR (CD3OD, 500 MHz)δ: 7.67 (1H,d,J=1.4 Hz,H-6′),7.58 (1H,d,J=1.4 Hz,H-2′),6.97 (1H,d,J=1.9 Hz,H-2),6.85 (1H,dd,J=8.1,1.9 Hz,H-6),6.80 (1H,d,J=8.1 Hz,H-5),5.66 (1H,d,J=6.4 Hz,H-7),3.97 (2H,t,J=6.2 Hz,H-9′),3.94 (3H,s,3′-OCH3),3.88 (2H,t,J=4.8 Hz,H-9),3.84 (3H,s,3-OCH3),3.61 (1H,m,H-8),3.21 (2H,t,J=6.2 Hz,H-8′);13C-NMR(CD3OD,125 MHz) δ: 199.5 (C-7′),154.4 (C-4′),149.2 (C-3),147.9 (C-4),145.6 (C-3′),133.8 (C-1),132.7 (C-5′),130.5 (C-1′),120.1 (C-6′),119.8 (C-6),116.3 (C-5),113.7 (C-2′),110.6 (C-2),90.4 (C-7),64.6 (C-9),58.9 (C-9′),56.7 (3′-OCH3),56.4 (3-OCH3),54.6 (C-8),41.9 (C-8′)。以上数据与文献[7]报道数据对比,故鉴定化合物2为prunustosanan AI。
化合物3 淡黄色油状物,[α]25D-3.9 (c 0.48,CH3OH);UV (CH3OH) λmax(log ε) 206 (4.4),228 (3.8),280 (3.6) nm;CD (CH3CN) λmax(Δε) 203 (-6.5),237 (-4.2) nm;IR (KBr) vmax3 435,2 938,1 636,1 607,1 510,1 454,1 420,1 268,1 222,1 156,1 124,1 030 cm-1;HR-ESI-MS m/z 401.158 8[M+Na]+(C20H26O7Na,計算值401.158 9);1H-NMR (CD3OD,400 MHz) δ: 7.01 (1H,d,J=1.7 Hz,H-2),6.84 (1H,dd,J=8.1,1.7 Hz,H-6),6.82 (1H,d,J=1.8 Hz,H-2′),6.78 (1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-5′),6.74 (1H,d,J=8.1 Hz,H-5),6.66 (1H,dd,J=8.0,1.8 Hz,H-6′),4.84 (1H,d,J=5.8 Hz,H-7),4.29 (1H,m,H-8),3.86 (1H,dd,J=11.9,5.6 Hz,H-9a),3.78 (3H,s,3′-OCH3),3.77 (3H,s,3-OCH3),3.73 (1H,m,H-9b),3.54 (2H,t,J=6.4 Hz,H-9′),2.58 (2H,m,H-7′),1.79 (2H,m,H-8′);13C-NMR (CD3OD,100 MHz) δ: 151.7 (C-3′),148.6 (C-3),147.0 (C-4′),146.9 (C-4),138.0 (C-1′),134.0 (C-1),121.8 (C-6′),120.9 (C-6),119.5 (C-5′),115.6 (C-5),113.9 (C-2′),111.7 (C-2),86.5 (C-8),74.0 (C-7),62.2 (C-9,9′),56.4 (3′-OCH3),56.3 (3-OCH3),35.4 (C-8′),32.6 (C-7′)。以上数据与文献[8]报道的数据对比,故鉴定化合物3为(7S,8R)-4,7,9,9′-四羟基-3,3′-二甲氧基-8-O-4′-新木脂素。
化合物4 淡黄色油状物,[α]25D+9.9 (c 0.52,CH3OH);UV (CH3OH) λmax(log ε) 206 (4.4),228 (3.8),280 (3.6) nm;CD (CH3CN) λmax(Δε) 234 (+5.12) nm;IR (KBr) vmax3 435,2 938,1 636,1 607,1 510,1 454,1 420,1 268,1 222,1 156,1 124,1 030 cm-1;HR-ESI-MS m/z 401.159 4[M+Na]+ (C20H26O7Na,calc. 401.159 3);1H-NMR (CD3OD,400 MHz)δ: 7.02 (1H,d,J= 1.9 Hz,H-2),6.96 (1H,d,J=8.2,1.9 Hz,H-6),6.86 (1H,d,J=1.8 Hz,H-2′),6.84 (1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-5′),6.75 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-5),6.70 (1H,dd,J=8.0,1.8 Hz,H-6′),4.86 (1H,d,J=5.4 Hz,H-7),4.20 (1H,m,H-8),3.85 (3H,s,3′-OCH3),3.81 (3H,s,3-OCH3),3.71 (1H,m,H-9a),3.55 (2H,t,J=6.5 Hz,H-9′),3.44 (1H,m,H-9b),2.61 (2H,m,H-7′),1.81 (2H,m,H-8′);13C-NMR (CD3OD,100 MHz) δ: 151.7 (C-3′),148.6 (C-3),147.0 (C-4′),146.9 (C-4),138.0 (C-1′),134.0 (C-1),121.8 (C-6′),120.9 (C-6),119.5 (C-5′),115.6 (C-5),113.9 (C-2′),111.7 (C-2),86.5 (C-8),74.0 (C-7),62.2 (C-9,9′),56.4 (3′-OCH3),56.3 (3-OCH3),35.4 (C-8′),32.6 (C-7′)。以上数据与文献报道的数据对比[9],故鉴定化合物4为(7R,8S)-4,7,9,9′-四羟基-3,3′-二甲氧基-8-O-4′-新木脂素。
化合物5 无色油状物,[α]25D+10.5 (c 0.61,CH3OH);UV (CH3OH) λmax(log ε) 206 (4.1),234 (3.9),278 (3.6) nm;CD (CH3CN) λmax(Δε) 229 (-7.9) nm;IR (KBr) vmax3 396,2 939,1 590,1 506,1 461,1 424,1 241,1 124,1 034 cm-1;HR-ESI-MS m/z 431.167 8[M+Na]+ (C21H28O8Na,计算值431.167 2);1H-NMR (CD3OD,400 MHz)δ: 7.02 (1H,d,J=1.7 Hz,H-2),6.82 (1H,dd,J=8.1,1.7 Hz,H-6),6.78 (1H,d,J=8.1 Hz,H-5),6.56 (2H,s,H-2′,6′),4.96 (1H,d,J=4.6 Hz,H-7),4.21 (1H,m,H-8),3.92 (1H,dd,J=12.0,5.6 Hz,H-9a),3.85 (3H,s,3-OCH3),3.82 (6H,s,3′,5′-OCH3),3.60 (1H,dd,J=12.0,6.4 Hz,H-9b),3.58 (2H,m,H-9′),2.66 (2H,m ,H-7′),1.86 (2H,m,H-8′);13C-NMR (CD3OD,100 MHz) δ: 154.3 (C-3′,5′),148.6 (C-3),146.7 (C-4),139.9 (C-1′),134.7 (C-4′),133.7 (C-1),120.5 (C-6),115.7 (C-5),111.3 (C-2),106.8 (C-2′,6′),87.4 (C-8),73.9 (C-7),62.1(C-9′),61.4 (C-9),56.6 (3′,5′-OCH3),56.3 (3-OCH3),35.4 (C-8′),33.4 (C-7′)。以上数据与文献报道的数据对比[10],故鉴定化合物5为(7S,8R)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]-1,3-propanediol。
化合物6 黄色油状物,[α]25D-12.5 (c 0.61,CH3OH);UV (CH3OH) λmax(log ε) 204 (4.7),228 (4.4),280 (4.1) nm;CD (CH3CN) λmax(Δε) 224 (-3.0) nm;IR (KBr) vmax3 405,2 929,1 603,1 510,1 455,1 384,1 270,1 033 cm-1;HR-ESI-MS m/z 415.172 1[M+Na]+(C21H28O7Na,计算值415.172 5);1H-NMR (CD3OD,500 MHz) δ: 6.91 (1H,d,J=1.9 Hz,H-2),6.79 (1H,dd,J=8.1,1.9 Hz,H-6),6.75 (1H,d,J=1.3 Hz,H-2′),6.74 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-4′),6.71 (1H,d,J=8.1 Hz,H-5),6.62 (1H,dd,J=8.2,1.3 Hz,H-5′),4.36 (1H,d,J=6.2 Hz,H-7),4.28 (1H,m,H-8),3.82 (1H,m,H-9a),3.80 (1H,m,H-9b),3.79 (3H,s,3′-OCH3),3.74 (3H,s,3-OCH3),3.54 (2H,t,J=6.5 Hz,H-9′),3.23 (3H,s,7-OCH3),2.58 (2H,m,H-7′),1.79 (2H,m,H-8′);13C-NMR (CD3OD,125 MHz) δ: 151.8(C-3′),148.9(C-3),147.4(C-4),147.3(C-4′),137.9 (C-1′),131.0 (C-1),122.2 (C-6′),121.7 (C-6),119.4 (C-5),115.7 (C-5′),114.1 (C-2′),112.4 (C-2),85.8 (C-8),83.8 (C-7),62.2 (C-9),62.2 (C-9′),57.0 (7-OCH3),56.4 (3′-OCH3),56.3 (3-OCH3),35.5 (C-8′),32.7 (C-7′)。以上数据与文献报道的数据对比[8],故鉴定化合物6为pinnatifidanin B V.
化合物7 黄色油状物,[α]25D+21.2 (c 0.52,CH3OH);UV (CH3OH) λmax(log ε) 204 (4.2),230 (4.0),280 (3.8) nm;CD (CH3CN) λmax(Δε) 237 (+3.7) nm;IR (KBr) vmax3 377,2 937,1 603,1 511,1 420,1 384,1 267,1 153,1 125 cm-1;HR-ESI-MS m/z 415.172 0 [M+Na]+ (C21H28O7,计算值415.172 5);1H-NMR (CD3OD,500 MHz) δ: 6.97 (1H,d,J=1.8 Hz,H-2),6.90 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-5′),6.83 (1H,t,J=2.0 Hz,H-2′),6.81 (1H,dd,J=8.0,1.8 Hz,H-6),6.78 (1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-5),6.69 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.0 Hz,H-6′),4.44 (1H,d,J=5.9 Hz,H-7),4.26 (1H,m,H-8),3.84 (3H,s,3′-OCH3),3.83 (3H,s,3-OCH3),3.63 (1H,dd,J=11.8,4.2 Hz,H-9a),3.56 (2H,t,J=6.5 Hz,H-9′),3.41 (1H,dd,J=11.8,5.5 Hz,H-9b),3.25 (3H,s,7-OCH3),2.61 (2H,m,H-7′),1.80 (2H,m,H-8′);13C-NMR (CD3OD,125 MHz) δ: 151.7 (C-3′),149.1(C-3),147.9(C-4),147.5(C-4′),137.8 (C-1′),131.0 (C-1),121.9 (C-6′),121.6 (C-6),119.1 (C-5),116.0 (C-5′),114.0 (C-2′),112.1 (C-2),86.2 (C-8),84.3 (C-7),62.2 (C-9),62.1 (C-9′),57.2 (7-OCH3),56.5 (3′-OCH3),56.4 (3-OCH3),35.6 (C-8′),32.7 (C-7′)。以上數据与文献报道的数据对比[8],故鉴定化合物7为pinnatifidanin B VI。
化合物8 白色粉末,[α]25D-19.9 (c 0.47,CH3OH);UV (CH3OH) λmax(log ε) 206 (4.9),238 (4.6),278 (4.2) nm;CD (CH3CN) λmax(Δε) 212 (+10.5),233 (+2.3),280 (-0.5) nm;IR (KBr) vmax3 425,2 941,1 597,1 512,1 459,1 371,1 232,1 122,1 033,823 cm-1;HR-ESI-MS m/z 637.227 7[M+Na]+ (C32H38O12Na,计算值637.227 4);1H-NMR (CD3OD,500 MHz) δ: 6.96 (1H,d, J=1.5 Hz,H-2″),6.77 (1H,d, J=8.1Hz,H-5″),6.72 (1H,dd,J=8.1,1.5 Hz,H-6″),6.67 (2H,s,H-2′,6′),6.66 (2H,s,H-2,6),4.89 (1H,d,J=6.0Hz,H-7″),4.73 (2H,d,J=4.0 Hz,H-7,7′),4.27 (3H,H-9a,H-9′a,H-8″),3.91 (1H,dd,J=12.0,3.1 Hz,H-9″a),3.89 (2H,m,H-9b,9′b),3.83 (12H,3,5,3″,5′-OCH3,3.80 (3H,m,3′-OCH3),3.59 (1H,dd,J=12.0,3.5 Hz,H-9″b),3.12 (2H,m,H-8,8′);13C-NMR (CD3OD,125 MHz) δ:154.5 (C-3,5) 149.3 (C-3″,5″),148.6 (C-3′),146.8 (C-4′),138.9 (C-1),136.2 (C-4),133.8 (C-1,1″),133.1 (C-4″),120.7 (C-6′),115.6 (C-5′),111.4 (C-2′),104.5 (C-2,6),104.2 (C-2″,6″),87.6 (C-8″),87.3 (C-7),87.2 (C-7′),74.0 (C-7″),72.9 (C-9),72.8 (C-9′),61.7 (C-9″),56.8 (3,5-OCH3),56.7 (3″,5′-OCH3),56.3 (3′-OCH3),55.7 (8′-OCH3),55.4 (8-OCH3)。以上数据与文献报道的数据对比[11],故鉴定化合物8为(7R,7′R,7″S,8S,8′S,8″S)-4′,4″-dihydroxy-3,3′,3″,5-tetramethoxy-7,9′:7′,9-diepoxy-4,8″-oxy-8,8′-sesquineolignan-7″,9″-diol
化合物9 白色胶状物,[α]25D-4.8 (c 0.58,CH3OH);UV (CH3OH) λmax(log ε) 206 (4.9),232 (4.3),280 (3.9) nm;CD (CH3CN) λmax(Δε) 205 (+19.2),228(+4.2),241 (+2.9),280 (-2.9) nm;IR (KBr) vmax3 432,2 938,1 592,1 517,1 462,1 426,1 330,1 273,1 120,1 034 cm-1;HR-ESI-MS m/z 607.216 5[M+Na]+(C31H36O11Na,计算值607.216 1);1H-NMR (CD3OD, 500 MHz) δ: 6.96 (1H,d,J=1.9 Hz,H-2′),6.94 (1H,d, J=1.2 Hz ,H-2″),6.80 (1H,d,J=8.1Hz,H-5′),6.78 (1H,d,J=8.1 Hz,H-5″),6.76 (1H,dd,J=8.1,1.9 Hz,H-6′),6.72 (1H,dd,J=8.1,1.2 Hz,H-6″),6.67 (2H,s,H-2,6),4.90 (1H,d, J=5.1Hz,H-7″),4.73 (1H,d,J=3.6 Hz,H-7′),4.69 (1H,d,J=3.8 Hz, H-7),4.25 (3H,m,H-9a,9′a,8″),3.91 (1H,dd,J=12.0,5.4 Hz,H-9″a),3.87 (2H,m,H-9′b,9b),3.84 (3H,s,3-OCH3),3.82 (9H,s,3′,5,3″-OCH3),3.59 (1H,dd,J=12.0,3.3 Hz,H-9″b),3.11 (2H,m,H-8,8′);13C-NMR(CD3OD,125 MHz)δ: 154.5(C-3,5),149.1 (C-3″),148.6(C-3′),147.3(C-4′),146.8(C-4″),138.9(C-1),136.1(C-4),133.8(C-1′),133.7(C-1″),120.7(C-6′),120.1(C-6″),116.1(C-5′),115.6(C-5″),111.4(C-2′),111.0(C-2″),104.2(C-2,6),87.4(C-8″),87.3(C-7),87.2(C-7′),74.0(C-7″),72.9(C-9),72.7(C-9′),61.7(C-9″),56.7(3,5-OCH3),56.4(3′-OCH3),56.3(3″-OCH3),55.7(C-8′),55.3(C-8)。以上數据与文献报道的数据对比[11],故鉴定化合物9为hedyotol D。
化合物10 白色粉末,UV (CH3OH) λmax(log ε) 204 (4.2),228 (4.3),273(3.9),296 (3.9),314 (4.0),328(3.8) nm;IR (KBr) vmax3 423,2 907,1 714,1 616,1 597,1 476,1 371,1 355,1 233,1 123,1 038,972,926,880,816,620 cm-1;HR-ESI-MS m/z 327.086 8[M+H]+ (C18H15O6,计算值327.086 4);1H-NMR (DMSO-d6,400 MHz) δ: 7.86 (1H,d,J=1.3 Hz,H-4),7.45 (1H,d,J=1.3 Hz,H-6),7.43 (1H,dd,J=8.0,1.4 Hz,H-6′),7.42 (1H,s,H-3),7.39 (1H,d,J=1.4 Hz,H-2′),7.05 (1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-5′),6.10 (2H,s,-OCH2O),4.01 (3H,s,-COOCH3),3.87 (3H,s,7-OCH3);13C-NMR (DMSO-d6,100 MHz) δ:166.3 (C=O),156.6 (C-2),148.3 (C-3′),148.0 (C-4′),145.6 (C-7),144.5 (C-7a),130.5 (C-3a),125.8 (C-1′),123.3 (C-5),119.2 (C-6′),115.3 (C-4),108.9 (C-5′),107.1 (C-6),105.1 (C-2′),101.6 (-OCH2O),101.5 (C-3),56.0 (7-OCH3),52.2 (COOCH3)。以上数据与文献报道的数据对比[12],故鉴定化合物10为5-(2-propenyl)-7-methoxy-2-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)benzofuran。
化合物11 无色油状物,[α]25D+7.4 (c 0.50,CH3OH);UV (CH3OH) λmax(log ε) 206 (4.2),222 (3.9),272 (3.5) nm;CD (CH3CN) λmax(Δε) 234 (+2.6) nm;IR (KBr) vmax3 392,2 938,1 584,1 505,1 461,1 381,1 241,1 154,1 124,1 031 cm-1;HR-ESI-MS m/z 429.152 6 [M+Na]+ (C21H26O8Na,计算值429.152 1);1H-NMR (CD3OD,400 MHz) δ: 6.99 (1H,d,J=1.9 Hz,H-2),6.70 (1H,dd,J=8.1,1.9 Hz,H-6),6.78 (1H,d,J=8.1 Hz,H-5),6.73 (2H,s,H-2′,6′),6.55 (1H,d,J=16.3 Hz,H-7′),6.31 (1H,dt,J=16.3,5.6 Hz,H-8′),4.92 (1H,d,J=4.8 Hz,H-7),4.22 (3H,m,H-8,9′),3.87 (1H,dd,J=12.0,5.2 Hz,H-9a),3.83 (9H,s,3,3′,5′-OCH3),3.54 (1H,dd,J=12.0,3.5Hz,H-9b);13C-NMR (CD3OD,100 MHz) δ: 154.6 (C-3′,5′),148.7 (C-4′),146.8 (C-3),136.4 (C-4),134.8 (C-1′),133.8 (C-1),131.4 (C-7′),129.8 (C-8′),120.6 (C-6),115.7 (C-5),111.4 (C-2),104.9 (C-2′,6′),87.6 (C-8),74.0 (C-7),63.6 (C-9′),61.5 (C-9),56.7 (3′,5′-OCH3),56.4 (3-OCH3)。以上数据与文献报道的数据对比[13],故鉴定化合物11为(7R,8S,7′E)-guaiacyl-glycerol-β-O-4′-sinapylether。
4 结论与讨论
臭椿为我国传统中药,常用于治疗赤白带下,湿热泻痢,久泻久痢,便血,崩漏等症[2],且因其栽培广泛,植物资源极为丰富,因此具有巨大的开发利用价值。现已经上市以臭椿为主要成分的药物有:椿乳凝胶,妇科止带片,活血风寒膏,白带丸等,但药物中主要活性成分尚不明确。近年来,国内外对臭椿的研究逐渐增多,但都主要集中于其苦木苦味素类成分的研究,对其他类成分研究较少;本课题组从臭椿中分离得到的11个木脂素类化合物,均为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中化合物8和9为木脂素类三聚体(倍半木脂素类),以上研究探索了臭椿植物的化学成分组成,并为进一步的生物活性研究提供了物质基础。
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