钢铁生产过程高效节能基础研究

林林

摘 要：該研究针对3个关键科学问题所设置的6个课题展开了全面研究。课题一，“全氧条件下高炉高温热化学反应与能质传递协同原理”开展了氧气高炉工艺流程设计及其工艺参数计算，氧气高炉气氛下炉料低温还原粉化行为实验，高还原势下球团矿还原行为实验，氧气高炉气氛下烧结矿还原行为，氧气高炉气氛下烧结矿软熔行为的研究。课题二，“高温运动床层异形颗粒堆积体系内的能质传递与转化机制”进行了透明烧结杯可视化高温烧结实验台搭建，一维非稳态铁矿石烧结模型的建立，环冷机内烧结矿冷却过程流动换热数值模拟，烧结矿内部孔隙结构CT扫描测试分析，多孔球体堆积床的传热和流动数值计算，烧结矿化学反应动力学实验，多孔介质层流对流换热系数分形准则方程的理论推导，对球团回转窑煤粉燃烧进行研究建立传热模型等研究。课题三，“基于物料品质调控的高温熔渣余热回收能质传输机理”展开了高温熔融物料相变冷却可视化实验装置和在线测量系统，化学组成配比对高炉熔渣冷却后物相结构及物性变化的影响，冷却方式对高炉渣物相结构及性能的影响，液态物料气淬-转杯离心粒化可视化实验平台建设，建立了风冷条件下单个高温熔融物料颗粒内部相变传热理论模型，单个高温熔融物料颗粒相变冷却换热的数值模拟等多项研究。课题四，“气相余热高效梯级储存与转换的理论和方法”围绕着间歇性气相余热蓄存的非稳态特性，多孔异质复合相变材料制备及热学性能表征，气相余热蓄传热测试平台搭建，分子筛微孔结构的多孔介质材料的热质传递机理，多孔功能/相变材料内流固耦合输运等研究。课题五，“钢铁流程系统的能耗排放特征及其广义热力学优化”进行了钢铁生产流程的普适性物理模型及整体行为特征，钢铁生产流程资源、能源与环境效应评价方法，钢铁生产流程多层次物流、能流网络及运行时序特征，生产流程系统构型及运行调控的广义热力学优化研究。课题六，“钢铁生产过程的能源高效配置与余能梯级利用”开展了钢铁工业全时空多品位能量流与生产流程关联关系，伴生气压缩系统内部流动机理，低热值伴生气化学能物理能释放效率和释放装置，中低热值伴生气燃烧实验方面等研究。通过该年度的前期研究，为后续的进一步研究工作指明了方向，打下了坚实基础。通过实施，发现了实施过程中存在的一些问题，并对于这些问题进行了积极整改，提出了针对项目管理的相关建议。

关键词：钢铁工业 节能 基础研究 协同强化 多场耦合 余能储存 集成优化

2012 Annual Report of Fundamental Investigation on Energy Efficiency for Metallurgical Processing

Lin Lin

（University of Science & Technology Beijing，USTB）

Abstract：The project mainly contains the following studies aiming at the key scientific issues during 2012.1—2012.8： （1）The synergy principle of high temperature thermo-chemical reactions and mass-energy transfer in pure-oxygen blast furnace： the process and process parameter of the oxygen blast furnace were investigated. The experiments of low temperature reduction degradation behaviors of burden， the pellet reduction behaviors， the sinter reduction behaviors and the sinter softening and melting behaviors in oxygen blast furnace have been investigated respectively. （2）Thermodynamic temperature rise and kinetic properties of the sinter and steel slag： a visual transparent sintering pot experiment table is built. Numerical simulation on the flow and heat transfer of the sinter cooling process inside the ring cooler was investigated and the CT scan test on the internal pore structure of sinter was analyzed. Furthermore， the heat transfer and flow of porous-sphere-packed bed was calculated and the experiment of the chemical reaction kinetic of sinter was researched. The fractal criterion equation of the layer convection coefficient in the porous medium has been derived. In addition， the heat transfer model for the pulverized coal combustion in a pellet rotary kiln was established. （3）The evolution and continuous control method of the gaseous phase heat reservoir for the converter gas and low-temperature flue gas： the preparation of the porous heterogeneous composite phase change materials and thermal performance characterization was finished. A platform was built to test the storage of the gaseous phase waste heat and the heat and mass transfer mechanism as well as the transport mechanism. （4）The thermodynamic and kinetic properties of iron and steel process and energy distribution of multi-level component as well as the Resource—Energy—Environment generalized thermodynamics optimization： a full-time and multi-grade energy flow and relationship with the production process in iron and steel industry was investigated. We have also studied the internal flow mechanism of associated gas compression， the release efficiency of the physical energy of the low calorific value associated gas and the release device， and the combustion experiments on iron and steel production process. Generally， all planned targets and researches this year have been finished. Through the studies， it also lays a solid foundation and points out the direction for the further researches.

Key Words：Iron and steel industry； Energy saving； Fundamental research； Coordinated enhancement； Multi-field coupling； Waste heat storage； Integrated optimization