胰高血糖素样肽-1在胃肠道中的作用及机制的研究进展
2017-03-09罗和生
严 淋,罗和生
武汉大学人民医院消化内科,湖北武汉430060
胰高血糖素样肽-1在胃肠道中的作用及机制的研究进展
严 淋,罗和生
武汉大学人民医院消化内科,湖北武汉430060
胰高血糖素样肽-1(Glucagon-like peptide-1,GLP-1)是由远端回肠、结肠的L细胞分泌的具有促进胰岛素分泌作用的肠促胰岛素,近20年的研究表明,GLP-1除了具有维持葡萄糖稳态的作用外,在调节胃肠道动力和相关胃肠疾病中也发挥着重要作用。研究表明,GLP-1对胃肠道动力主要起抑制作用,其机制可能与胆碱能迷走神经及一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)释放有关。在消化道疾病方面,GLP-1可能参与肠易激综合征(irritable bowel syndrome,IBS)、炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)、短肠综合征(short bowel syndrome,SBS)等发病,并在治疗中发挥重要作用。本文就GLP-1与消化道动力的关系及机制,及其在相关疾病中的作用等作一综述。
胰高血糖素样肽-1;胃肠动力;消化道疾病
胰高血糖素样肽-1(Glucagon-like peptide-1,GLP-1)又称肠促胰岛素,在调节体内葡萄糖稳态的过程中发挥重要作用。GLP-1促进胰岛素的分泌是血糖依赖性的,故调节血糖稳态时不会发生血糖过低,GLP-1类似物在治疗2型糖尿病中广泛应用。近年来研究发现,GLP-1除能调节血糖外,在心血管系统、胃肠道系统、中枢神经系统等组织或器官中也发挥作用。现就GLP-1与胃肠道作用及相关机制的研究进展作一综述。
1 GLP-1的生物学特性
GLP-1是胰高血糖素原基因表达的产物之一,该基因转录翻译形成含160个氨基酸的胰高血糖素原,胰高血糖素原翻译后加工的产物具有组织特异性。在肠道黏膜L细胞中,胰高血糖素原在组织特异性激素原转化酶1(prohormone convertase,PC1)翻译后加工为GLP-1、GLP-2、肠高血糖素(glicentin)、胃泌酸调节素(oxyntomodulin)[1-2]。远端回肠、结肠的黏膜L细胞分泌GLP-1,经N端切除,C端酰胺化后,生成有活性的GLP-1(7~36)或GLP-1(7~37)。GLP-1(7~36)或GLP-1(7~37)由肠道分泌后进入血液和肝脏后,在二肽基肽酶Ⅳ(dipeptidyl peptidase 4,DPP-4)作用下,1~2 min降解为GLP-1(9~36)和 GLP-1(9~37),失去生物活性,最后血液循环中仅10% ~15%有效成分进入外周器官[3]。GLP-1的分泌与进食相关,营养物质的摄入,尤其是糖类和脂肪可以刺激GLP-1的分泌,其机制可能与L细胞微绒毛中与营养物质的相互作用有关[2-3]。GLP-1的释放由胃肠神经参与调节,外科手术切断迷走神经后,由进食刺激的GLP-1分泌明显减少[4]。
2 GLP-1受体
GLP-1受体属于7次跨膜G蛋白偶联受体B家族成员之一,由 463个氨基酸组成[5],在胰岛、肾脏、心脏、肺、肠道、中枢神经系统和外周神经系统均有表达[3]。在胃肠道组织,GLP-1受体分布在黏膜层、肌间神经丛及环状平滑肌细胞。GLP-1与GLP-1受体结合后,可能通过GLP-1受体磷酸化,激活腺苷酸环化酶(adenylate cyclase,AC),促使细胞内 cAMP、PKC、PKA等发挥作用[5]。
3 GLP-1与胃肠道动力的研究进展
3.1 GLP-1与胃动力的研究 GLP-1对胃肠道动力有重要的作用,其中对胃动力的研究最多。在体外研究中,GLP-1对胃动力的作用并不相同。Rotondo等[6]研究认为,GLP-1对整体胃起抑制收缩作用,对氨甲酰胆碱(carbachol,CCh)诱导的胃基底部环形肌肌条不产生作用,CCh诱导的胃窦部环形肌肌条产生抑制作用;有实验结果不同的文献表明,GLP-1对胃底、胃体、幽门部的肌条在CCh刺激或电场刺激的诱导下都无任何作用,但在静脉滴注GLP-1时,抑制胃排空,认为GLP-1对胃动力可能是通过中枢系统发挥作用[7],而在体内研究中,外源性GLP-1对胃排空有明确的抑制作用,且呈剂量依赖性[8-11]。在健康志愿者体内试验中,有研究[8-9]表明,GLP-1能增加胃容积,减少食物的消耗,抑制胃排空。Schirra等[10]认为GLP-1抑制胃排空的作用是通过抑制胃窦、十二指肠的收缩,促进幽门的收缩发挥作用。Little等[11]研究发现,无论是进食固态还是液态食物,GLP-1都能使胃排空减慢,且无论GLP-1是低剂量(0.3 pmol·kg-1·min-1)还是高剂量(20 pmol·kg-1·min-1)都能发生胃轻瘫,远端胃潴留。GLP-1除了对健康人有作用外,一些研究[12-14]也表明,在Ⅱ型糖尿病、肥胖、危重症患者中,外源性GLP-1对胃排空也有抑制作用。而内源性GLP-1对胃动力的作用,则存在不同的意见。有研究[15]使用 exendin(9~39)抑制 GLP-1R 后,发现内源性GLP-1对胃动力无任何作用;但也有研究[16]认为,内源性GLP-1抑制胃窦十二指肠的动力,抑制餐后胃窦的收缩,促进幽门的收缩;Deane等[17]同样认为内源性GLP-1在体内起生理性的作用,抑制胃排空。
3.2 GLP-1与肠动力的关系 GLP-1与肠道动力的作用存在不同意见。在体外实验中,因种属不同,GLP-1对肠动力作用不相同。Chan等[18]研究发现,GLP-1及其受体激动剂 exendin-4可以抑制臭鼩离体回肠的收缩。同样有研究[19]发现,GLP-1可以抑制人离体结肠的收缩。相反,也有研究认为,GLP-1对肠道动力不起作用,Amato等[20]研究发现,在 C57BL小鼠中,GLP-1对十二指肠、结肠肠管的自发性收缩无任何作用,在电刺激引起收缩后,GLP-1对收缩起抑制作用,该作用可被TTX、阿托品阻断,但对CCh刺激引起的收缩无作用。在SD大鼠研究认为,GLP-1对十二指肠肌条的收缩不起任何作用,无论是否有电场刺激或乙酰胆碱刺激的诱导[7]。体内研究发现,GLP-1对肠道动力的作用与给药方式、动物种属有关。Bozkurt等[21]研究发现,GLP-1剂量依赖性抑制禁食期间的大鼠小肠的运动,GLP-2对运动没有影响,但GLP-1和GLP-2联合作用比单用GLP-1作用更强,而在进食状态,GLP-1在高剂量时(20 pmol·kg-1·min-1)抑制了大鼠小肠的运动,GLP-2促进小肠运动,但联合应用GLP-1和GLP-2时,在低剂量时可以轻微地抑制小肠运动,高剂量时可轻微地促进小肠运动。在人体内的研究发现,静脉注射GLP-1抑制健康受试者及IBS患者,Ⅱ型糖尿病患者的胃、十二指肠、空肠的动力和移行复合运动,延长小肠运转时间[22-23]。Hellström等[24]研究发现,除了静脉注射、皮下注射GLP-1及其类似物ROSE-10外,粉剂吸入的方式吸入ROSE-10同样可以抑制小肠的移行复合运动。但是,有研究[25]发现,在SD大鼠中枢脑室内注射GLP-1可以促进结肠动力,增加粪便的排出,腹腔内注射GLP-1对粪便量无任何影响,推测GLP-1可能通过中枢作用机制对结肠动力起推进作用。Camilleri等[26]研究发现,给女性IBS-C患者腹部皮下注射GLP-1类似物ROSE-10剂量依赖性地减慢胃排空,却不阻滞结肠运输和改变胃容积,低剂量在48 h甚至可以促进结肠动力。
4 GLP-1对胃肠道动力的作用机制
GLP-1对胃肠道动力的作用机制并未完全清楚,目前研究结果表明,除了可以作用于平滑肌细胞外,还通过神经系统发挥作用。一些研究表明,GLP-1对胃肠道的影响与迷走神经有关[27-28]。Chan 等[18]体外臭鼩回肠肌条实验证实,GLP-1抑制回肠收缩的作用可以被河豚毒素TTX和阿托品阻断,不被六烃季胺阻断,推测GLP-1可能通过肠神经丛胆碱能节后神经及毒蕈碱受体发挥作用。体内研究[29]认为,胆碱能神经通路GLP-1对餐后胃容量有调节作用,而对胃十二指肠动力不发挥作用。Tolessa等[30]研究认为,GLP-1抑制SD大鼠小肠动力,在禁食期通过NO发挥作用,而在进食期则不通过NO发挥作用。相反,在人体内研究认为,GLP-1通过NO调节进食期间的胃容量,而NO对禁食期间的胃容量则无调节作用[31]。Amato等[20]研究认为,GLP-1对小鼠离体十二指肠、结肠的抑制作用是通过肠道神经丛减少释放胆碱能递质,调节NO释放引起。Amato等[19]研究发现,GLP-1对人结肠肌条起抑制作用,且通过释放NO发挥作用,神经元型一氧化氮合成酶受体和GLP-1受体在结肠共同表达。
5 GLP-1与胃肠道疾病
5.1 GLP-1与肠易激综合征(irritable bowel syndrome,IBS) IBS是一种常见的功能性肠病,以腹痛或腹部不适伴排便性状改变为主要症状,但其病因和发病机制不明,相关研究表明,IBS是多种病因共同决定的疾病。目前有研究表明,GLP-1与IBS发病有关系,且对IBS有治疗意义。Chen等[32]研究发现,GLP-1与IBS亚型的发病相关,IBS-C大鼠组GLP-1含量高于IBS-D组,IBS-C组GLP-1受体含量高于相应对照组,IBS-D组 GLP-1受体含量低于相应对照组。Hellström 等[22]认为,静脉注射 GLP-1 抑制 IBS 患者胃、十二指肠、空肠的移行复合运动,特别是MMCⅢ相运动具有多样性。在GLP-1对IBS治疗方面,研究发现,腹腔注射GLP-1类似物exendin-4通过增加5-羟色胺转运体和减少色氨酸羟化酶-1的表达来减弱大鼠IBS内脏的痛觉过敏[33];皮下注射GLP-1类似物可以减轻 IBS 患者急性腹痛[34]。Camilleri等[26]研究结果表明,GLP-1类似物ROSE-10低剂量促进结肠动力,认为ROSE-10对IBS-C有潜在治疗作用。
5.2 GLP-1与炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD) GLP-1与肠炎研究相对较少,现有研究[35]发现,克罗恩病(Crohn’s disease,CD)患者末端回肠GLP-1阳性细胞比对照组增多2.5倍,在神经内分泌细胞中GLP-1 mRNA表达增多3.1倍。Keller等[36-37]研究认为,IBD患者胃排空的半衰期比健康者长,且与GLP-1相关,经临床治疗后,胃排空时间缩短,GLP-1含量减少。与GLP-1相关研究中发现,GLP-1的降解酶,二肽基肽酶(dipeptidyl peptidase 4,DPP-4)在CD患者活动期的组织和血液中含量都比正常对照组低,抑制 DPP-4可能为 IBD提供治疗靶点[38]。Mimura等[39]研究表明,在葡聚糖硫酸钠诱发的结肠炎小鼠中,给予DPP-4抑制剂阿拉格列汀(anagliptin),可以改善肠黏膜损伤,提高治愈能力。
5.3 GLP-1与其他消化道相关疾病 除了 IBS和IBD外,有研究[40-42]表明,GLP-1在治疗短肠综合征(short bowel syndrome,SBS)中发挥重要作用。Kunkel等[40]研究发现,GLP-1受体激动剂 Exenatide可以明显改善SBS患者腹泻症状,减少肠外营养的供给,同样,Madsen等[41]研究也表明,GLP-1 能改善SBS患者腹泻症状,减少粪便排出,但GLP-2的作用更加明显,联合应用GLP-1和GLP-2有叠加效应。Gillard等[42]研究发现,在大鼠 SBS模型中 GLP-1阳性细胞在SBS与正常对照组比较无显著性差异,但在临床SBS患者中,无论是禁食期间还是餐后,血液中GLP-1含量都高于对照组。有少量研究表明,GLP-1可以促进肠道肿瘤的发生。Koehler等[43]发现,GLP-1受体激动剂exendin-4在治疗GLP-1r+/+的小鼠时,与GLP-1r-/-相比,肠道肿瘤的发生率增加。另外,GLP-1与术后一些症状也相关,Mans等[44]研究认为,肥胖患者在部分胃切除术后,GLP-1含量增加,胃排空加快。Zhang等[45]研究也有类似发现,在非肥胖型T2DM和肥胖型T2DM行不同术后,体质量减少,GLP-1含量都有增加。
6 结语
GLP-1除了通过促进葡萄糖依赖性的胰岛素释放等途径降低血糖外,在消化道、中枢神经系统、心血管系统中也发挥重要作用。GLP-1在消化道具有减轻腹痛、抑制胃肠动力、改善黏膜损伤等作用,尤其是对IBS,相关临床前研究表明,GLP-1能促进IBS-C结肠动力,减轻急性腹痛,但其机制未明;其对IBD、SBS等疾病也有潜在的治疗价值。对GLP-1与消化道动力进行深入研究有望为胃肠动力障碍性疾病发病机制指明新的方向,为IBS和IBD等疾病的治疗提供新途径,使GLP-1相关药物早日应用于临床。
[1]Dhanvantari S,Seidah NG,Brubaker PL.Role of prohormone convertases in the tissue-specific processing of proglucagon[J].Mol Endocrinol,1996,10(4):342-355.
[2]Holst JJ.The physiology of glucagon-like peptide 1[J].Physiol Rev,2007,87(4):1409-1439.
[3]Drucker DJ.Minireview:the glucagon-like peptides[J].Endocrinology,2001,142(2):521-527.
[4]Rocca AS,Brubaker PL.Role of the vagus nerve in mediating proximal nutrient-induced glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion[J].Endocrinology,1999,140(4):1687-1694.
[5]Donnelly D.The structure and function of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor andits ligands[J].Br J Pharmacol,2012,166(1):27-41.
[6]Rotondo A,Amato A,Lentini L,et al.Glucagon-like peptide-1 relaxes gastric antrum through nitric oxide in mice[J].Peptides,2011,32(1):60-64.
[7]Tolessa T,Gutniak M,Holst JJ,et al.Glucagon-like peptide-1 retards gastric emptying and small bowel transit in the rat[J].Dig Dis Sci,1998,43(10):2284-2290.
[8]Delgado-Aros S,Kim DY,Burton DD,et al.Effect of GLP-1 on gastric volume,emptying,maximum volume ingested,and postprandial symptoms in humans [J].Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol,2002,282(3):G424-G431.
[9]Schirra J,Wank U,Arndd R,et al.Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)amide on motility and sensation of the proximal stomach in humans[J].Gut,2002,50(3):341-348.
[10]Schirra J,Houck P,Wank U,et al.Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1(7~36)amide on antro-pyloro-duodenal motility in the interdigestive state and with duodenal lipid perfusion in humans [J].Gut,2000,46(5):622-631.
[11]Little TJ,Pilichiewicz AN,Russo A,et al.Effects of intravenous glucagon-like peptide-1 on gastric emptying and intragastric distribution in healthy subjects:relationships with postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses[J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2006,91(5):1916-1923.
[12]Meier JJ,Gallwitz B,Salmen S,et al.Normalization of glucose concentrations and deceleration of gastric emptying after solid meals during intravenous glucagon-like peptide 1 in patients with type 2 diabetes[J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2003,88(6):2719-2725.
[13]Näslund E,Gutniak M,Skogar S,et al.Glucagon-like peptide 1 increases the period of postprandial satiety and slows gastric emptying in obese men [J].Am J Clin Nutr,1998,68(3):525-530.
[14]Deane AM,Chapman MJ,Fraser RJ,et al.Effects of exogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 on gastric emptying and glucose absorption in thecritically ill:Relationship to glycemia[J].Crit Care Med,2010,38(5):1261-1269.
[15]Nicolaus M,Brödl J,Linke R,et al.Endogenous GLP-1 regulates postprandial glycemia in humans:relative contributions of insulin,glucagon,and gastric emptying[J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2011,96(1):229-236.
[16]Schirra J,Nicolaus M,Roggel R,et al.Endogenous glucagon-like peptide 1 controls endocrine pancreatic secretion and antro-pyloro-duodenal motility in humans[J].Gut,2006,55(2):243-251.
[17]Deane AM,Nguyen NQ,Stevens JE,et al.Endogenous glucagonlike peptide-1 slows gastric emptying in healthy subjects,attenuating postprandial glycemia[J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2010,95(1):215-221.
[18]Chan SW,He J,Lin G,et al.Action of GLP-1(7~36)amide and exendin-4 on Suncus murinus(house musk shrew)isolated ileum[J].Eur J Pharmacol,2007,566(1-3):185-191.
[19]Amato A,Baldassano S,Liotta R,et al.Exogenous glucagon-like peptide 1 reduces contractions in human colon circular muscle[J].J Endocrinol,2014,221(1):29-37.
[20]Amato A,Cinci L,Rotondo A,et al.Peripheral motor action of glucagon-like peptide-1 through enteric neuronal receptors[J].Neurogastroenterol Motil,2010,22(6):664-e203.
[21]Bozkurt A,Näslund E,Holst JJ,et al.GLP-1 and GLP-2 act in concert to inhibit fasted,but not fed,small bowel motility in the rat[J].Regul Pept,2002,107(1-3):129-135.
[22]Hellström PM,Näslund E,Edholm T,et al.GLP-1 suppresses gastrointestinal motility and inhibits the migrating motor complex in healthy subjects and patients with irritable bowel syndrome[J].Neurogastroenterol Motil,2008,20(6):649-659.
[23]Thazhath SS,Marathe CS,Wu T,et al.The glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist exenatide inhibits small intestinal motility,flow,transit,and absorption of glucose in healthy subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes:a randomized controlled trial[J].Diabetes,2016,65(1):269-275.
[24]Hellström PM,Smithson A,Stowell G,et al.Receptor-mediated inhibition of small bowel migrating complex by GLP-1 analog ROSE-010 delivered via pulmonary and systemic routes in the conscious rat[J].Regul Pept,2012,179(1-3):71-76.
[25]Gülpinar MA,Bozkurt A,Coşkun T,et al.Glucagon-like peptide(GLP-1)is involved in the central modulation of fecal output in rats[J].Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol,2000,278(6):G924-G929.
[26]Camilleri M,Vazquez-Roque M,Iturrino J,et al.Effect of a glucagonlike peptide 1 analog,ROSE-010,on GI motor functions in female patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome[J].Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol,2012,303(1):G120-G128.
[27]Delgado-Aros S,Vella A,Camilleri M,et al.Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 and feeding on gastric volumes in diabetes mellitus with cardio-vagal dysfunction [J].Neurogastroenterol Motil,2003,15(4):435-443.
[28]Nagell CF,Wettergren A,Ørskov C,et al.Inhibitory effect of GLP-1 on gastric motility persists after vagal deafferentation in pigs[J].Scand J Gastroenterol,2006,41(6):667-672.
[29]Schirra J,Nicolaus M,Woerle HJ,et al.GLP-1 regulates gastroduodenal motility involving cholinergic pathways[J].Neurogastroenterol Motil,2009,21(6):609-618.
[30]Tolessa T,Gutniak M,Holst JJ,et al.Inhibitory effect of glucagonlike peptide-1 on small bowel motility.Fasting but not fed motility inhibited via nitric oxide independently of insulin and somatostatin[J].J Clin Invest,1998,102(4):764-774.
[31]Andrews CN,Bharucha AE,Camilleri M,et al.Nitrergic contribution to gastric relaxation induced by glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)in healthy adults[J].Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol,2006,292(5):G1359-G1365.
[32]Chen Y,Li Z,Yang Y,et al.Role of glucagon-like peptide-1 in the pathogenesis of experimental irritable bowel syndrome rat models[J].Int J Mol Med,2013,31(3):607-613.
[33]Yang Y,Cui X,Chen Y,et al.Exendin-4,an analogue of glucagonlike peptide-1,attenuates hyperalgesia through serotonergic pathway in rats with neonatal colonic sensitivity [J].J Physiol Pharmacol,2014,65(3):349-357.
[34]Hellström PM,Hein J,Bytzer P,et al.Clinical trial:the glucagonlike peptide-1 analogue ROSE-010 for management of acute pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome:a randomized,placebo-controlled,double-blind study[J].Aliment Pharmacol Ther,2009,29(2):198-206.
[35]Moran GW,Pennock J,McLaughlin JT.Enteroendocrine cells in terminal ileal Crohn’s disease[J].J Crohns Colitis,2012,6(9):871-880.
[36]Keller J,Beglinger C,Holst JJ,et al.Mechanisms of gastric emptying disturbances in chronic and acute inflammation of the distal gastrointestinal tract[J].Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol,2009,297(5):G861-G868.
[37]Keller J,Binnewies U,Rösch M,et al.Gastric emptying and disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease[J].Eur J Clin Invest,2015,45(12):1234-1242.
[38]Moran GW,O’Neill C,Padfield P,et al.Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 expression is reduced in Crohn’s disease[J].Regul Pept,177(1-3):40-45.
[39]Mimura S,Ando T,Ishiguro K,et al.Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor anagliptin facilitates restoration of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis[J].Scand J Gastroenterol,2013,48(10):1152-1159.
[40]Kunkel D,Basseri B,Low K,et al.Efficacy of the glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist exenatide in the treatment of short bowel syndrome[J].Neurogastroenterol Motil,2011,23(8):739-e328.
[41]Madsen KB,Askov-Hansen C,Naimi RM,et al.Acute effects of continuous infusions of glucagon-like peptide(GLP)-1,GLP-2 and the combination(GLP-1+GLP-2)on intestinal absorption in short bowel syndrome(SBS)patients.A placebo-controlled study[J].Regul Pept,2013,10(184):30-39.
[42]Gillard L,Billiauws L,Stan-Iuga B,et al.Enhanced ghrelin levels and hypothalamic orexigenic AgRP and NPY neuropeptide expression in models of Jejuno-colonic short bowel syndrome [J].Sci Rep,2016,6:1-13.
[43]Koehler JA,Baggio LL,Yusta B,et al.GLP-1R agonists promote normal and neoplastic intestinal growth through mechanisms requiring Fgf7[J].Cell Metabolism,2015,21(3):379-391.
[44]Mans E,Serra-Prat M,Palomera E,et al.Sleeve gastrectomy effects on hunger,satiation,and gastrointestinal hormone and motility responses after a liquid meal test[J].Am J Clin Nutr,2015,102(3):540-547.
[45]Zhang X,Cheng Z,Xiao Z,et al.Comparison of short-and mid-term efficacy and the mechanisms of gastric bypass surgeries on managing obese and nonobese type 2 diabetes mellitus:a prospective study [J].Arch Med Res,2015,46(4):303-309.
(责任编辑:李 健)
Advanced study on Glucagon-like peptide-1 in the function and mechanism of the gastrointestinal tract
YAN Lin,LUO Hesheng
Department of Gastroenterology,Renmin Hospital of Wuhan Uninversity,Wuhan 430060,China
Glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)is an incretin which is secreted by the distal ileum,colon and rectum L cells,and it also can promote the secretion of insulin.Recent 20 years studies have showed that GLP-1 not only has the effect maintain glucose homeostasis,but also plays an important role in regulating gastrointestinal motility and related gastrointestinal disease.GLP-1 plays a major role in the inhibition of gastrointestinal motility,and its mechanism may be related to the cholinergic vagal and nitric oxide(NO)release.In terms of gastrointestinal diseases,GLP-1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),short bowel syndrome(SBS)and other diseases,and it may play an important role in the treatment.This article reviewed the advanced study on GLP-1 in the function and mechanism of the gastrointestinal tract.
Glucagon-like peptide-1;Gastrointestinal motility;Gastrointestinal diseases
R57
A
1006-5709(2017)08-0944-04
2016-08-23
10.3969/j.issn.1006-5709.2017.08.028
湖北省自然科学基金项目(2013CFA128)
严淋,硕士研究生,研究方向:胃肠动力学,胃肠疾病的基础与临床。E-mail:982278190@qq.com
罗和生,博士生导师,研究方向:胃肠动力学,胃肠疾病的基础与临床。E-mail:xhnk@163.com