重庆友城：埃及阿斯旺省会展外交连接重庆与阿斯旺友好关系

□ 文/马彦（四川外国语大学国际关系学院硕士研究生）

重庆友城：埃及阿斯旺省会展外交连接重庆与阿斯旺友好关系

□ 文/马彦（四川外国语大学国际关系学院硕士研究生）

重庆与埃及阿斯旺省的友谊要追溯到1999年下半年，时任埃及驻中国大使黑勒米•贝德尔先生应邀来渝考察访问，他主动向重庆推荐埃及阿斯旺省作为友好市省的发展对象。2005年7月，时任重庆市市长王鸿举率领重庆政府代表团访问阿斯旺省；10月，阿斯旺市市长赛迪克先生率团来渝出席亚太城市市长峰会；同月，重庆与阿斯旺省正式签订了友好城市协议，为而后的共同发展与经贸交流搭建了平台。

自2009年7月以来，埃及努比亚博物馆与重庆中国三峡博物馆签订了交流合作协议，建立了长期合作机制。2010年10月，阿斯旺省应邀参加第八届中国（重庆）国际园林博览会，展示古老的埃及文化，建成了埃及阿斯旺园。“会展外交”是重庆与阿斯旺省的友谊纽带，增进了双方的文化交流，进一步加深了友好关系。

城市简介

菲莱神殿

阿斯旺省位于埃及南部、尼罗河东岸，距开罗900千米，下辖5个行政区，10个城市，首府是阿斯旺，是埃及街道最整洁、最漂亮的城市，也是埃及与非洲其他国家进行贸易的重镇。阿斯旺省南面与苏丹接壤，是埃及通往非洲内部的门户。

由于阿斯旺日照充足，常年少雨，是埃及最炎热的地方，它主要农作物是甘蔗、椰枣、木槿和散沫花等。其工业以钢铁、制铝、化学、制糖、纺织、制革、水泥、造纸和渔船工业为主，还开采铁矿石和建筑用石材。阿斯旺省有约21个重要旅游景点，其中以阿斯旺高坝、菲莱神殿以及阿布辛贝神殿最为有名。

外事知识

会展外交

会展外交主要是指国家或企业在异国举办大型经济、文化、科技展览来促进相互关系的一种外交形式，是公共外交在经济活动中的体现，也是公共外交随着全球化和信息化在政治经济方面的延伸，它主要依托于会展业的发展。随着软实力和城市形象的提升，各个城市逐渐倾向于举办会展以提升城市美誉度和知名度，因此，会展外交既实现了企业的经济利益也为城市的文化经济带来聚合效应。

第二轨道外交

“第二轨道外交”的概念最先由美国国务院的蒙特维利在1981年2月号的《外交政策》杂志中提出，是指由非外交人员或者能代表官方观点的非官方人士所从事的“外交”，主要由学者、退休官员、公共人物、社会活动家、非政府组织等非官方渠道进行交流，方式比较灵活，旨在通过友好往来加强相互信任，从而推动“第一轨道外交”（又称“官方外交”）的顺利进行。

随着时代的发展和全球性问题的产生，第二轨道外交凭借其自身身份上的非正式性和操作上的灵活性在外事活动中起着特殊的作用，从另一个维度推动着国家间的沟通与交流，增进国家间互信，缓解危机，对国家间关系产生了不可低估的影响。

外事案例

重庆中国三峡博物馆牵手努比亚博物馆

2009年7月10日，重庆中国三峡博物馆与埃及努比亚博物馆表示，今后两馆将在展览项目交流、学术研究、文物保护、产业发展等方面建立交流合作机制，并签订了交流合作协议。

阿斯旺努比亚博物馆

重庆中国三峡博物馆

中国（重庆）国际园林博览会阿斯旺馆

阿斯旺应邀落户重庆园博园

2010年10月12日，第八届中国（重庆）国际园林博览会邀请埃及阿斯旺省参展，其目的是为了展示埃及悠久的历史文化和优美的园林景观，让中国人进一步了解埃及的历史文化，增强两国人民的友谊。阿斯旺成为了第一个入驻重庆园博园的外国城市。2011年11月19日重庆园博园开园，埃及阿斯旺园也呈现在世人面前。

图片来源于网络

In 1999, Mr. Heller Bader, ambassador of Egypt in China, was invited to visit Chongqing and he recommended Aswan to be a potential sister city to Chongqing. In 2005, W ang Hongju, the thenmayor of Chongqing, visited Aswan with his government delegation and reached a consensus with Aswan government. From then on, Aswan and Chongqing became sister cities. In the same year, Seddik, the then-mayor of Aswan city, came to Chongqing to attend the Asia Pacific Cities Summit. In the meantime, Chongqing and Aswan had signed sister city agreement and became friendly city for further corporation and development.

Since July 2009, Chongqing China Three Gorges Museum and Egypt Nubia Museum had established a deep connection on communication and knowledge exchange, and they signed agreements of further cooperation. On October 2010, the eighth China (Chongqing) International Garden Expo invited Aswan province to exhibit Egypt’s ancient culture, and build up the Aswan Garden. Then, “International exhibition diplomacy” has became the connection of Chongqing and Aswan’s friendship, enhanced the culture communication of both sides.

The Culture and History Exhibition of Aswan,Egypt in Chongqing

Introduction of Aswan

View of Aswan

Aswan province, located in the east bank of the Nile River, about 900 kilometers away from Cairo, is the gateway of southern area of Egypt, and there are 10 cities across it. Aswan city is the capital city of Aswan province, which is the cleanest and the most beautiful city in Egypt and it has been an important trade transaction place a long time ago.

Due to the ample sunshine and shortage of rainfall, Aswan is a perfect growing place for sugarcanes, dates, hibiscus, and henna f owers. Steel, aluminum, chemical, sugar, textiles, leather, cement, paper and f shing industry is the main part of its secondary industry, with some iron ore mining and building stone exploring.

Knowledge of Foreign Affairs

International Exhibition Diplomacy

International exhibition diplomacy mainly refers to the action of a country or big enterprises holding economic, cultural, science and technology exhibition in foreign country to promote bilateral diplomatic relations. With the development of globalization and information technology, international exhibition diplomacy increasingly becomes the main form of public diplomacy. It can provide an international forum for scientists and engineers to report latest research findings, to exchange ideas and information, and to establish research links. Its development mainly relies on the rise of exhibition industry.With the increasing importance of the soft power and the city image, more and more cities tend to hold the exhibitions to promote the reputation and popularity of the cities, thus, International exhibition diplomacy not only can bring the economic interest to the companies, but also can accelerate the convergence of the city cultures and economies.

Track II Diplomacy

The concept of “T rack II diplomacy” was firstly proposed in the Foreign Policy magazine in February, 1981 by Monte Willy, a member of the State Department of the U.S. The “Track II diplomacy” refers to the “Foreign Affairs” engaged by the nondiplomatic staff or the unoff cial personages who can represent the off cial views, mainly carried out by the academics, retired of f cials, public figures, social activities, NGO and other unof ficial actors. Designed to strengthen mutual trust through friendly exchanges and promote the off cial diplomacy.

With the development of the times and the emergence of the global issues, the “Track II diplomacy” gradually plays a special role in the foreign affairs by the virtue of informal identity and operational flexibility. The effect of “Track II diplomacy” on the countries was usually underestimated. Actually in practice, it can not only promote the communications and exchanges among countries, but also enhance mutual trust and alleviate the crisis from another dimension.

Cases

Cooperation between Three Gorges Museum and Egypt Nubia Museum

On July 10, 2009, Chongqing Three Gorges Museum and Egypt Nubia Museum had stated to deepen cooperation, established the long-term corporation system, and signed agreements on communication and cooperation.

Egypt Nubia Museum

Participation of Aswan to the eighth China (Chongqing) International Garden Expo

On October 12, 2010, the 8th China (Chongqing) International Garden Expo invited Egypt’ s Aswan province to join in, in order to let Chinese people learn more about the history of Egypt, and to enhance the friendships between these two countries. On November 19, 2011, Chongqing Garden Expo successfully opened, and visitors could visit Egypt's Aswan Park.

Chongqing’s Sister City: Aswan Province, Egypt International Exhibition Diplomacy: Connection of Aswan Province and Chongqing

□ Written by Ma Yan (post-graduate student of School of International Relations, Sichuan International Studies University)

Aswan hall, China(chongiqng)International Garden Expo