听力理解九大典型错误例析

胡扬朋

一、答题心切，轻易给出答案

例 1：（2015年 湖北省武汉市）听下面的对话，回答问题。

Where is the woman？

A. At the train station. B. In the hotel.

C. On the street.

【录音材料】

W：Hello， taxi.

M：Where to， Madam？

W：To the station. How many people can you take？

M：4.

W：Can you get there in about 15 minutes？

M：Sorry，I cant. It takes about 30 minutes，because the streets are heavy with traffic at this time of day. Anyway，Ill do my best.

W：Oh， we want to go there as quickly as possible， but dont go too fast.

M：Dont worry. I dont want an accident either. Get in please.

W：OK.

解析：同学们一般听到“to the station”时，就会误以为这是答案，会立即选择答案A，而疏忽了后面的对话内容。听完整篇对话我们才能知道，这位女士是在街上找出租车去火车站，答案应该是C。

答案：C。

二、未能准确理解听力材料中的弦外之音

例 2：（2015年 宁夏自治区）听对话及对话后的问题，然后选择正确答案。

What is the man most probably going to do？

A. Go to work. B. Stay at home. C. Go to school.

【录音材料】

W：Are you going to work today？

M：I called my boss and said I was sick.

解析：题目的问题是：“今天这位男士最有可能做什么？”根据对话内容我们可知，男士给老板打电话说身体有病，言外之意是“上不了班，需要待在家里”。答案为B。

答案：B。

三、忽略细节，对于时间、价格等要经过计算的

问题考虑不周

例 3：（2015年 陕西省）听对话及对话后的问题，然后选择正确答案。

Whats the time now？

A. 8：20. B. 8：00. C. 7：40.

【录音材料】

W：Hurry up！ The bus to the airport is leaving at 8：00.

M：Dont worry. We still have 20 minutes.

解析：本题考查时间的计算。听力材料中出现了8：00与20，这两个数字很有可能误导同学们选A或B。但如果认真听清楚这位男士的回答“别担心，我们还有20分钟”，通过简单计算便可知，现在的时间是7： 40，所以答案为C。

答案：C。

四、抓不准关键词或句子，被无用的信息误导

例 4：（2015年 山东省潍坊市）听下面的对话，回答问题。

What is Betty probably doing now？

A. Shes playing the piano. B. Shes staying at home.

C. Shes playing tennis.

【录音材料】

M：Hello， Mrs. Green. Is Betty at home？ I want to invite her to play tennis with me.

W：Sorry. She has gone to Miss Kings to have piano lessons.

M：OK. Next time， then.

解析：对话一开始，男士问句中的短语at home，play tennis给同学们带来很大的干扰，同学们可能会根据这两个短语去选B或者C，而关键句是后面女士的答语“gone to Miss Kings to have piano lessons”，所以答案为A。

答案：A。

五、未能准确抓住说话人的身份或与说话人相关的单词、短语和一些背景知识

例 5：（2015年 宁夏自治区）听对话及对话后的问题，然后选择正确答案。

What might the woman be？

A. A student. B. A teacher. C. A driver.

【录音材料】

W：Will you please go and get some chalk for me， Tom？

M：Sure， Mrs. Brown. Ill be back soon.

解析：问句中chalk“粉笔”一词很重要，通过这个单词，我们可以推测Mrs. Brown 的身份可能是教师，而不是学生或司机，所以答案为B。

答案：B。

六、相似信息干扰，如混淆读音相似的单词造成

理解失误

例 6：（2015年 安徽省）请在所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个你所听到的单词或短语。

A. phones B. photos C. radios

【录音材料】

Can I have a look at your photos， please？

解析： phones与photos的读音有些相似，尤其是在考场上状态较为紧张的情况下，同学们很容易听混淆。这类词有很多，平时要多加留意。如：bit与beat；ship与sheep；forty与fourteen；shirt 与skirt；如此等等。

答案：B。

七、受汉语的干扰，缺少对中西方文化差异的了解

例 7：（2014年 甘肃省兰州市）听下面五个句子，从A、B、C三个选项中选择一个恰当的应答语。

A. Thank you. B. No， it isnt. C. Its OK.

【录音材料】

Your dress is very beautiful.

解析：中国人听到别人称赞自己时，往往会说“没什么”“你过奖了”，而西方人则习惯说“Thank you. ”因此答案为A。

答案：A。

八、注意力停留在个别单词或句子上，断章取义地理解对话或短文内容，对其主旨大意、中心思想或作者观点把握不准确

例 8：（2015年 湖北省荆州市）听短文，并从三个选项中选出一个正确选项。

What does the story want to tell us？

A. Working hard is very important.

B. Helping others is to help ourselves.

C. Being honest can bring us more.

【录音材料】

Tom was happy to get one dollar from his father. He wanted to buy a toy with it. So he put on his hat and ran into the street. There he met some boys throwing snowballs. Soon Tom joined them. He sent a snowball at James， but he missed him， and broke a window on the other side of the street.

Tom was afraid and ran as fast as he could. But soon he stopped. He said to himself，“It was wrong to break the window. I will go back and pay for it.”

He went back to the house and saw an old man. Tom told him what he did， then he gave the man the dollar he had. The old man took the dollar， and asked Tom his name and where he lived.

At last， the old man said， “OK.” At dinner time， Toms father told him to go and look in his hat. Tom found two dollars there！ His father told Tom that an old man came and gave back his dollar and another more. Because he thought Tom was an honest boy.

解析：考查短文主旨大意题。主要讲述了汤姆因玩雪球打破了别人家房子的窗户，主动上门把父亲给他买玩具的一美元赔给了那位老人。回到家后，父亲告诉汤姆，老人归还了那一美元，并多给了一美元，因为老人认为汤姆是个诚实的孩子。前面两段是事情的起因和过程，最后一段是短文的主题。

答案：C。

九、忽视所填关键词语的数、形式等方面的变化

例 9：（2015年 湖南省郴州市）根据你所听到的内容，写出下面表格中所缺的单词，每空仅填一词。

【录音材料】

Hello， everyone. I am Paul. There are four people in my family： my father， my mother， my sister and I. My father is a doctor. Hes reading a newspaper. He likes basketball. Oh，thats my mother. She is a teacher. Shes making dinner in the kitchen now. She likes movies. My sister is a reporter. Shes watching the news in the living room. She likes planting flowers. What do I do？ Im a student at No. 1 Middle School. Im listening to a CD. I like music. I want to be a singer when I grow up. On Sundays， we always go for a walk together. I love my family very much.

解析：同学们做这种听力题时，首先要浏览表格内容，了解所缺内容涉及的范围，注意抓住符合语句需要的关键词。然后，要考虑所填关键词语的数、形式等方面的变化，书写要保持工整、规范。比如该短文填表题中的第2小题，要注意使用动词-ing形式；第4小题，不要忘了名词flower后面要加s。

答案：（1）doctor （2） making （3） sister （4）flowers （5） music