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玻璃体内注射雷珠单抗与曲安奈德治疗视网膜静脉阻塞继发黄斑囊样水肿的疗效比较

2017-01-04郑明微

河北医药 2016年24期
关键词:雷珠体腔曲安

郑明微

玻璃体内注射雷珠单抗与曲安奈德治疗视网膜静脉阻塞继发黄斑囊样水肿的疗效比较

郑明微

目的 比较玻璃体内注射雷珠单抗与曲安奈德治疗视网膜静脉阻塞(retinal vein occlusion,RVO)继发黄斑囊样水肿(cystoidmacular edema,CME)的疗效及安全性。方法97例RVO继发CME患者按治疗方法分为雷珠单抗组(n=47)和曲安奈德组(n=50)。雷珠单抗组给予玻璃体内注射雷珠单抗0.5 mg(0.05 ml);曲安奈德组给予玻璃体内注射雷珠单抗4.0 mg(0.1 ml)。治疗后随访6个月,比较2组最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)、黄斑中心凹厚度(central macular thickness,CMT)、眼压及并发症发生率。结果2组治疗后各时间点BCVA均较治疗前显著提高(P<0.05),但2组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组治疗后各时间点CMT均较治疗前显著降低(P<0.05),但2组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。雷珠单抗组治疗后各时间点眼压与治疗前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);曲安奈德组治疗后各时间点眼压均较治疗前和雷珠单抗组显著提高(P<0.05)。曲安奈德组和雷珠单抗组眼压升高发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论玻璃体内注射雷珠单抗治疗RVO继发CME,可有效提高BCVA、降低CMT,其效果与曲安奈德相当,且安全性更高。

雷珠单抗;曲安奈德;视网膜静脉阻塞;黄斑囊样水肿

视网膜静脉阻塞(retinal vein occlusion,RVO)是临床常见的视网膜血管病,其发病率仅次于糖尿病性视网膜病变[1]。黄斑囊样水肿(cystoidmacular edema,CME)是RVO常见继发症之一,也是导致患者视力下降及视功能受损的主要因素[2]。因此,尽早解除CME是治疗RVO的关键。在过去十年间,玻璃体腔内注射曲安奈德被广泛应用于CME的临床治疗并取得满意效果,但易导致眼压升高、增加眼内感染风险[3]。探寻更安全有效的玻璃体腔内注射药物是临床亟待解决的热点问题。雷珠单抗属于血管内皮细胞生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)抑制剂,玻璃体腔内注射雷珠单抗可有效改善黄斑水肿,但其治疗RVO继发CME的安全性及有效性仍有待进一步证实[4]。本研究通过回顾性分析RVO继发CME患者临床资料,比较玻璃体内注射雷珠单抗与曲安奈德治疗的疗效及安全性,旨在为临床用药提供可靠依据。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料 回顾性分析2014年8月至2015年8月汕头大学医学院附属第一医院收治的RVO继发CME患者临床资料共97例(100只眼)。纳入标准:(1)经荧光素眼底血管造影及光学相干断层扫描明确诊断;(2)视力>0.3;(3)黄斑中心凹周围1.00 mm范围内视网膜平均厚度≥250 μm;(4)初次接受治疗者。排除标准:(1)合并其他眼部疾病者;(2)既往已接受其他治疗方案者。按治疗方法,将其分为雷珠单抗组和曲安奈德组。雷珠单抗组47例(47只眼),其中男24例(24只眼),女23例(23只眼);年龄32~65岁,平均年龄(51.3±8.4)岁;病程1~16 d,平均病程(7.5±2.3)d;视网膜分支静脉阻塞(BRVO)22例(22只眼),视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)25例(25只眼)。曲安奈德组50例(50只眼),其中男24例(24只眼),女26例(26只眼);年龄35~61岁,平均年龄(52.8±7.7)岁;病程3~21 d,平均病程(7.9±2.5)d;BRVO 23例(23只眼),CRVO 27例(27只眼)。2组一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

1.2 方法 术前3 d左氧氟沙星滴眼液滴眼(4次/d)。入室后奥布卡因滴眼液表面麻醉,按内眼手术要求进行术前准备,于颞下距角膜缘3.5 mm处的睫状体平坦部垂直巩膜面进针,雷珠单抗组玻璃体内注射雷珠单抗0.5 mg(0.05 ml),曲安奈德组玻璃体内注射曲安奈德4.0 mg(0.1 ml),抽出针头以无菌棉签压迫注射点3~5 min,治疗后无特殊体位要求。

1.3 观察指标 治疗后随访6个月,分别于治疗后1周、2周、1个月、2个月、3个月及6个月,统计患者最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)、黄斑中心凹厚度(central macular thickness,CMT)、眼压及继发症发生率。采用OCT检查BCVA、CMT,CMT为内界膜表面至RPE层表面之间的距离;采用日本Canon Tonometer TX-10 非接触眼压计进行眼压检查,眼压上升>5 mm Hg为眼压升高。

2 结果

2.1 2组BCVA比较 2组治疗后各时间点BCVA均较治疗前显著提高(P<0.05),但2组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表1。

组别治疗前治疗后1周治疗后2周治疗后1个月治疗后2个月治疗后3个月治疗后6个月曲安奈德组(n=50)0.15±0.110.24±0.15*0.34±0.19*0.40±0.28*0.41±0.25*0.41±0.27*0.40±0.30*雷珠单抗组(n=47)0.15±0.130.26±0.180.35±0.240.39±0.260.40±0.280.47±0.300.40±0.32

注:与治疗前比较,*P<0.05

2.2 2组CMT比较 2组治疗后各时间点CMT均较治疗前显著降低(P<0.05),但2组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表2。

组别治疗前治疗后1周治疗后2周治疗后1个月治疗后2个月治疗后3个月治疗后6个月曲安奈德组(n=50)534.25±94.51423.59±112.84*300.40±82.75*254.38±72.14*252.31±49.16*253.26±60.72*261.68±55.37*雷珠单抗组(n=47)530.39±88.28416.73±103.62302.81±93.22261.31±64.59256.22±68.40250.84±71.89257.11±69.43

注:与治疗前比较,*P<0.05

2.3 2组眼压比较 雷珠单抗组治疗后各时间点眼压与治疗前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);曲安奈德组治疗后各时间点眼压均较治疗前显著提高(P<0.05);曲安奈德组治疗后各时间点眼压均显著高于雷珠单抗组(P<0.05)。见表3。

组别治疗前治疗后1周治疗后2周治疗后1个月治疗后2个月治疗后3个月治疗后6个月曲安奈德组(n=50)15.42±3.5919.45±4.18*20.44±4.89*22.52±3.84*23.91±3.46*25.85±3.12*22.40±4.37*雷珠单抗组(n=47)15.53±4.1216.23±3.46#16.05±4.27#16.13±4.22#15.62±2.89#15.44±4.32#15.21±3.38#

注:与治疗前比较,*P<0.05;与曲安奈德组比较,#P<0.05

2.4 2组并发症比较 曲安奈德组和雷珠单抗组眼压升高(≥30 mm Hg)发生率分别为34.0%(17/50)和0,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组均未出现继发性白内障、感染性眼内炎症、视网膜脱离等严重并发症。

3 讨论

CME发病机制与血-视网膜屏障(blood-retinal barrier,BRB)破坏有关,BRB破坏可诱发多种内源性细胞因子大量释放,导致血管通透性增加、新生血管生成,进而引发CME[5]。曲安奈德是一种人工合成的脂溶性长效糖皮质激素,具有抗新生血管生成及抗炎作用,其可通过降低血管通透性、抑制新生血管生成,减轻血-视网膜屏障屏破坏,进而起到治疗CME的作用[6]。大量临床研究证实,玻璃体腔内注射曲安奈德对于包括RVO继发CME在内不同性质CME均有明显疗效,但也存在一定局限性[7,8]。本研究结果显示,玻璃体腔内注射曲安奈德后患者平均眼压明显增高,6个月时其平均眼压仍显著高于术前眼压基线,与高志强等[9]研究结果一致。分析其原因可能与曲安奈德进入前房沉积于小梁网机械性阻塞房水外流有关[10]。而持续的高眼压极易诱发继发性白内障等并发症,导致远期预后不良。

雷珠单抗是一种重组人源化抗VEGF单克隆抗体片段,其可通过抑制VEGF表达,阻止新生血管形成,降低血管通透性。雷珠单抗分子量较小,有利于穿透视网膜,玻璃体内注射雷珠单抗可使其快速(1 h内)渗透视网膜全层,其生物利用度达50%~60%[11]。大量临床研究表明,玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗可有效减轻黄斑水肿,改善患眼视力[12,13]。本研究结果显示,采用玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗治疗RVO继发CME,在治疗后1周、2周、1个月、2个月、3个月、6个月患者BCVA均较术前明显提高(P<0.05),同时CMT较术前明显降低(P<0.05);且其BCVA、CMT改善程度与玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德类似(P>0.05),提示玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗治疗RVO继发CME可获得与曲安奈德相似的临床疗效,与国内研究报道[14]一致。但值得注意的是,曲安奈德组患者在治疗后1个月BCVA基本趋于稳定;而雷珠单抗组BCVA在治疗后3个月达到最高,之后有所退回。分析其原因可能与曲安奈德眼内作用时间长于雷珠单抗有关[15]。本组研究中,部分雷珠单抗组患者在注药后1~6个月内出现BCVA视力退回,需再次行玻璃体腔注射。此外,本研究通过持续监测眼压发现,玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗并不会导致患者平均眼压变化,且其眼压升高(≥30 mm Hg)发生率显著低于玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德(0 vs 34.0%),提示玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗较曲安奈德具有更高的安全性。

综上所述,玻璃体内注射雷珠单抗治疗RVO继发CME,可有效提高BCVA、降低CMT,其效果与曲安奈德相当;同时,玻璃体内注射雷珠单抗并不会诱发眼压升高,具有更高的安全性。

1 Campochiaro PA, Raafay S, Joel P, et al. Long-term outcomes in patients with retinal vein occlusion treated with ranibizumab: the RETAIN study. Ophthalmology, 2014, 121:209-219.

2 Papadia M, Misteli M, Jeannin B, et al. The influence of anti-VEGF therapy on present day management of macular edema due to BRVO and CRVO: a longitudinal analysis on visual function, injection time interval and complications. International Ophthalmology, 2014, 34:1193-1201.

3 Reibaldi M, Russo A, Zagari M, et al. Resolution of persistent cystoid macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusion in a vitrectomized eye following intravitreal implant of dexamethasone 0.7 mg.Case Reports in Ophthalmology, 2012, 3:30-34.

4 魏谭伟, 乔晨, 严明. 雷珠单抗玻璃体腔内注射联合激光光凝治疗黄斑囊样水肿. 国际眼科杂志, 2013, 13:963-966.

5 宋莉, 王平. 玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德治疗黄斑水肿的疗效观察. 中国药物与临床, 2012, 12:1636-1637.

6 Ahmet O, Saleh OA, Sigford DK, et al. The omar study:comparison of ozurdex and triamcinolone acetonide for refractory cystoid macular edema in retinal vein occlusion.Retina, 2015, 35:1393-1400.

7 Noma H, Funatsu H, Mimura T, et al. Comparison of the efficacy of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for cystoid macular edema with versus without serous retinal detachment in branch retinal vein occlusion: influence on macular sensitivity and morphology. Bmc Ophthalmology, 2012, 12: 39-40.

8 陈霞, 李秋明. 小剂量曲安奈德玻璃体注射治疗黄斑水肿的观察. 中华眼外伤职业眼病杂志, 2015, 37:284-287.

9 高志强, 金学民. 曲安奈德与贝伐单抗治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿的疗效观察. 中华眼科医学杂志:电子版, 2014, 3:16-21.

10 唐浩英, 卢敏, 洪冬梅,等. 糖尿病患者白内障术中前房注射曲安奈德的有效性和安全性. 国际眼科杂志,2015,2:474-477.

11 Reddy AK, Mariana C, Steven Y, et al. Optical coherence tomography-guided ranibizumab injection for cystoid macular edema in well-controlled uveitis: twelve-month outcomes.Retina,2014,34:2431-2438.

12 Fenicia V, Balestrieri M, Perdicchi A, et al. Intravitreal injection of dexamethasone implant and ranibizumab in cystoid macular edema in the course of irvine-gass syndrome. Case Reports in Ophthalmology,2014,5:243-248.

13 Papadia M, Misteli M, Jeannin B, et al. The influence of anti-VEGF therapy on present day management of macular edema due to BRVO and CRVO: a longitudinal analysis on visual function, injection time interval and complications. International Ophthalmology,2014,34:1193-1201.

14 林春堤, 吴国基, 吴爱玉,等. 曲安奈德与雷珠单抗治疗视网膜静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿比较. 国际眼科杂志,2014,14:37-40.

15 曾苗, 陈中山, 宋艳萍. 玻璃体腔内注射TA与雷珠单抗治疗CRVO继发黄斑水肿的对照研究. 国际眼科杂志,2014,14:1454-1457.

Comparison of the therapeutic effects between ranibizumab intravitreal injection and triamcinolone acetonide on cystoid macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion

ZHENGMingwei.

TheFirstAffiliatedHospitalofMedicalCollageofShantouUniversity,Guangdong,Shantou515041,China

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects and safety of ranibizumab intravitreal injection and triamcinolone acetonide on cystoid macular edema (CME) due to retinal vein occlusion (RVO).Methods Ninety-seven patients with CME due to RVO were divided into two groups according to different therapeutic methods,the 47 patients in ranibizumab group were treated with ranibizumab 0.5mg (0.05ml) by intravitreal injection,however,the 50 patients in triamcinolone acetonide group were treated with triamcinolone acetonide 4.0mg (0.1ml) by intravitreal injection.After treatment, the patients were followed up for 6 months, the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA),central macular thickness (CMT),intraocular pressure and incidence rates of complications were observed and compared between two groups.Results After treatment the BCVA in different time points was significantly increased in both groups,as compared with that before treatment (P<0.05), however,there was no significant difference between two groups (P<0.05). After treatment the CMT in different time points was significantly decreased in both groups,as compared with that before treatment (P<0.05), however,there was no significant difference between two groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in intraocular pressure of ranibizumab group in different time points after treatment and before treatment (P>0.05). However the intraocular pressure in triamcinolone acetonide group in different time points were significantly increased after treatment,as compared with that before treatment and that in ranibizumab group (P<0.05). Besides there were significant differences in the incidence rates of intraocular pressure increasing between two groups (P<0.05).Conclusion The intravitreal injection with ranibizuma in treatment of cystoid macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion can effectively increase BCVA,decrease CMT, its therapeutic effects are similar to those of triamcinolone acetonide,moreover, its safety is better than that of triamcinolone acetonide.

ranibizumab; triamcinolone acetonide;retinal vein obstruction; macular vesicular edema

10.3969/j.issn.1002-7386.2016.24.007

515041 广东省汕头市,汕头大学医学院附属第一医院

R 774.1

A

1002-7386(2016)24-3711-03

2016-06-14)

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