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辽宁浑河源自然保护区寄蝇科昆虫区系资源

2016-12-27梁厚灿李赫男武鹏峰张焱森张怡卓张春田

环境昆虫学报 2016年6期
关键词:浑河背板辽宁

梁厚灿,李赫男,武鹏峰,张焱森,李 新,孙 琦,李 冰,张怡卓,张春田

(沈阳师范大学生命科学学院,沈阳110034)



辽宁浑河源自然保护区寄蝇科昆虫区系资源

梁厚灿,李赫男,武鹏峰,张焱森,李 新,孙 琦,李 冰,张怡卓,张春田*

(沈阳师范大学生命科学学院,沈阳110034)

调查我国辽宁东北部清原浑河源自然保护区双翅目寄蝇科昆虫资源。网捕法采集寄蝇标本2553件,形态分类和动物地理研究法鉴定寄蝇4亚科23族83属158种,分别占中国已知族、属和种类的23.54%,29.47%和12.62%;给出该森林生态系统的寄蝇优势种15种和每种成虫发生期。该地区寄蝇区系主要组成有61古北界种,86古北、东洋两界共有种,合计147种,占本地区总种数93.04%。发现4中国新纪录种:乌苏等鬃寄蝇Peribaeaussuriensis(Mesnil, 1963),弯叶芙寄蝇Phrynotenuiforceps(Tachi, 2013),花截尾寄蝇Nemorillafloralis(Meigen, 1824),巨角锥腹寄蝇SmidtiamagnicornisMesnil, 1967,给出其主要鉴别特征和外形照片;辽宁新分布纪录28种。

辽宁清原;寄蝇科;区系;鉴定名录;中国新纪录

辽宁浑河源省级自然保护区(HRSNR)位于抚顺市清原县大苏河乡境内黄代沟村林地和湾甸子镇地车沟实验林场,是浑河的发源地,地处长白山系龙岗山余脉,境内最高峰海拔1001.2 m,保护区规划总面积18931.4 km2,地理坐标为E124°47′-125°17′,N41°50′-42°00′。保护区属温带大陆性季风气候,内有植物1116种,其中蒙古栎林、红松、落叶松、红松阔叶林及阔叶混交林为主要植被类型(于中华等,2004)。丰富的森林植被和湿润的气候条件,为当地昆虫及其它动物生存提供了优良的条件。清原县政府与中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所2003年合作,在保护区内建立了中科院清原森林生态系统观测研究站(N41°51′9.94″,E124°56′11.22″),保护当地次生林地和水源涵养地生态环境。在此科研平台基础上,沈阳师范大学生命科学学院双翅目昆虫研究组自2015年5月至2016年8月对浑河源自然保护区的寄蝇科昆虫资源进行了较系统的科学调查,经对2553号标本进行整理、分类和鉴定,报告双翅目寄蝇科昆虫4亚科23族83属158种,4中国新纪录种,28个省级新分布种。

1 材料与方法

本研究调查实验地位于辽宁清原浑河源自然保护区的大苏河乡黄代沟中国科学院清原森林生态系统定位研究站,由十几座山峰连绵错落组成,平均海拔700 m,主峰高1115 m (http: //www. lnbls. com)。清原湾甸子地车沟辽宁省实验林场(500-800 m)。

表1 辽宁浑河源自然保护区昆虫采集信息表

采集路线:均从保护区检查站入口前开始,第一条沿东线,第二条沿南线,第三条沿西线。采集地海拔一般为500-800 m。

采集方法:主要使用捕网和扫网,有时用马氏网诱集,步行采集路线基本沿林区采伐、营造林路和林间步道两侧周围。

采集生境:主要采集环境有溪边、草丛、灌木中野花、树叶和枝条、树干等处,一般光影交错、附近有水的地方,伞形科独活等黄色、白色野花上寄蝇科昆虫数量较多。采集时间主要集中在2015、2016年春末夏初5月中旬至盛夏、立秋的8月下旬;每月至少一次调查,以晴天、阴天和雨后采集为主。

沈阳师范大学昆虫标本馆 (SYNU) 保存本研究用清原大苏河乡黄代沟和湾甸子镇地车沟实验林场产寄蝇科标本,2553号标本经过整理,分类鉴定;一般比较外部形态特征与腹部末端外生殖器结构,鉴定、分析和统计。寄蝇科分类系统根据Herting & Dely-Draskovits (1993)的古北界寄蝇科名录和O’Hara (2016)的世界寄蝇科的属及其分布; 高级分类阶元鉴定主要依据一些国内外专业文献 (Mesnil, 1944-1975; Crosskey, 1976; Tschorsnig & Richter, 1998; 赵建铭等, 1998, 2001; O’Hara等, 2009);种类鉴定依据文献 (Mesnil, 1963; Shima, 1979, 1982, 1986, 1988, 1996, 2015; Tschorsnig & Herting, 1994; Ziegler & Shima, 1996; Tachi & Shima, 2002; 赵建铭和梁恩义, 2002, 2007; 赵建铭和陈小琳, 2007; 王强, 2016)。

2 结果与分析

2.1 辽宁浑河源自然保护区寄蝇鉴定名录

表2 辽宁浑河源自然保护区寄蝇科鉴定种类

续上表

亚科族物种中名物种学名标本数量成虫发生(月)广长足寄蝇DexiafulviferavonRöder,18934♂4♀7腹长足寄蝇DventralisAldrich,19251♂1♀8大依寄蝇Estheriamagna(Baranov,1935)1♂8金龟长喙寄蝇Prosenasiberita(Fabricius,1775)4♂4♀8优寄蝇族显回寄蝇RedtenbacheriainsignisEgger,18614♂1♀5-6Eutherini曲脉短芒寄蝇Athryciacurvinervis(Zetterstedt,1844)1♂7黑须短芒寄蝇Atrepida(Meigen,1824)4♀5茹芮瑟寄蝇Cyrtophlebaruricola(Meigen,1824)2♂1♀6-7腹瑟寄蝇CvernalisKramer,19171♀6-7红斑缘刺寄蝇Eriothrixrufomaculata(DeGeer,1776)1♂8驼寄蝇Phyllomyasp1♂2♀5白带柔寄蝇Thelairaleucozona(Panzer,1806)1♂4♀7-8暗黑柔寄蝇Tnigripes(Fabricius,1794)4♂6-7萨柔寄蝇Tsolivaga(Harris,1780)1♀8乡蜗寄蝇Voriaruralis(Fallén,1810)36♂11♀5-8黑瓦根寄蝇WagneriagagateaRobineau⁃Desvoidy,18301♂5追寄蝇亚科卷蛾寄蝇族黑足突额寄蝇BiomeigeniagynandromimaMesnil,19616♂15♀5ExoristinaeBlondeliini黑须卷蛾寄蝇Blondelianigripes(Fallén,1810)4♂4♀5-8康刺腹寄蝇Compsiluraconcinnata(Meigen,1824)1♂2♀7-8北海道赘诺寄蝇Drinomyiahokkaidensis(Baranov,1935)5♂6-8伪利索寄蝇LixophagafallaxMesnil,19631♀5-7白瓣麦寄蝇Medinacollaris(Fallén,1820)1♂6褐瓣麦寄蝇MfuscisquamaMesnil,195349♂141♀5-7卢麦寄蝇Mluctuosa(Meigen,1824)2♂8多鬃麦寄蝇Mmultispina(Herting,1966)2♂1♀5-6杂色美根寄蝇Meigeniadorsalis(Meigen,1824)1♀7褐瓣美根寄蝇MfuscisquamaLiu&Zhang,20078♂6-8三齿美根寄蝇MtridentataMesnil,1961125♂16♀5-8筒腹奥斯寄蝇Oswaldiaegger(Brauer&Bergenstamm,1889)1♀5振翅奥斯寄蝇Omuscaria(Fallén,1810)3♀5日本纤寄蝇Prodegeeriajaponica(Mesnil,1957)2♂10♀6-8横带三角寄蝇Trigonospilatransvittata(Pandellé,1896)2♀5-7长角髭寄蝇Vibrissinaturrita(Meigen,1824)3♂1♀6-7埃里寄蝇族舞毒蛾狭颊寄蝇CarceliacandidaeShima,19813♀♀5-8Eryciini杜比狭颊寄蝇Cdubia(Brauer&Bergenstamm,1891)6♂7格纳狭颊寄蝇Cgnava(Meigen,1824)75♂52♀5-6灰腹狭颊寄蝇Crasa(Macquart,1849)6♂1♀5-7胫狭颊寄蝇CtibialisRobineau-Desvoidy,18303♂2♀7-8金粉赘寄蝇DrinoauripollinisChao&Liang,19984♀7-8裸腰赘寄蝇Dadiscalis(Chao,1982)2♀5

续上表

亚科族物种中名物种学名标本数量成虫发生(月)长毛赘寄蝇DlongihirtaChao&Liang,19921♂8莲花赘寄蝇Dlota(Meigen,1824)1♂1♀6-7拟庸赘寄蝇Drinoinconspicuoides(Baranov,1932)9♂2♀5-7小赘寄蝇DminutaLiang&Chao,19982♀5-7邻狭颜赘寄蝇DparafacialisChao&Liang,19982♂1♀5-7缢蛹毛虫寄蝇Epicampocerasuccincta(Meigen,1824)1♂5♀5斑埃里寄蝇EryciafasciataVillevenue,19241♀5日本异丛寄蝇Isosturmiajaponica(Mesnil,1957)1♀6-7园尼里寄蝇Nileahortulana(Meigen,1824)45♂5♀5-8音尼里寄蝇NinnoxiaRobineau-Desvoidy,18632♂5滑帕赘寄蝇Paradrinolaevicula(Mesnil,1951)1♀7叶蜂菲寄蝇Phebelliaclavellariae(Brauer&Bergenstamm,1891)1♂5银菲寄蝇Pglauca(Meigen,1824)2♀5-7巨角怯寄蝇Phryxemagnicornis(Zetterstedt,1838)1♂6狮头怯寄蝇Pnemea(Meigen,1824)1♂3♀5-8齿肛裸基寄蝇Senometoptadentata(Chao&Liang,2002)21♂11♀6-8长鬃魏寄蝇Weingaertneriellalongiseta(vanderWulp,1881)1♂7带柳蠹蛾寄蝇Xylotachinadiluta(Meigen,1824)1♀7拱瓣寄蝇族Ethillini簇缨裸板寄蝇Phorocerosomavicarium(Walker,1856)1♂1♀5-7追寄蝇族选择盆地寄蝇Bessaparallela(Meigen,1824)3♂1♀6-8Exoristini克氏栉蚤寄蝇CtenophoriniachristianaeZiegler&Shima,19961♀5黄额栉蚤寄蝇CfrontalisZiegler&Shima,19962♂6♀5-6透翅追寄蝇Exoristahyalipennis(Baranov,1932)1♀7银毒蛾寄蝇Parasetigenasilvestris(Robineau-Desvoidy,1863)2♀5高野毒蛾寄蝇Ptakaoi(Mesnil,1960)4♀5勺肛蜉寄蝇Phoroceraassimilis(Fallén,1810)2♀5-6辽宁蜉寄蝇PliaoningensisYao&Zhang,200913♂7♀5-6昏暗蜉寄蝇Pobscura(Fallén,1810)91♂6♀5膝芒寄蝇族柞蚕饰腹寄蝇Blepharipatibialis(Chao,1963)10♂3♀5-6Goniini蚕饰腹寄蝇Bzebina(Walker,1849)2♂3♀5-8八小寄蝇Carceliellaoctava(Baranov,1931)1♀8黑袍卷须寄蝇Clemelispullata(Meigen,1824)5♂3♀8粉带伊乐寄蝇Elodiaambulatoria(Meigen,1824)1♂7窄角幽寄蝇Eumealinearicornis(Zetterstedt,1844)5♂6-7彩艳宽额寄蝇Frontinalaeta(Meigen,1824)1♂7中华膝芒寄蝇GoniachinensisWiedemann,18244♂3♀7乌苏里膝芒寄蝇Gussuriensis(Rohdendorf,1928)46♂142♀5-6布朗撵寄蝇Myxexoristopsblondeli(Robineau-Desvoidy,1830)1♀7被撵寄蝇Mstolida(Stein,1924)1♂6

续上表

亚科族物种中名物种学名标本数量成虫发生(月)四斑尼尔寄蝇Nealsomyiarufella(Bezzi,1925)2♂3♀7-8拱头芙寄蝇Phrynovetula(Meigen,1824)2♂61♀5弯叶芙寄蝇Ptenuiforceps(Tachi,2013)13♂8♀6高野舟寄蝇ScaphimyiatakanoiMesnil,19671♀5黄粉彩寄蝇Zenilliadolosa(Meigen,1824)1♀5温寄蝇族花截尾寄蝇Nemorillafloralis(Meigen,1824)2♀6-7Winthemiini双斑截尾寄蝇Nmaculosa(Meigen,1824)2♀6-7松毛虫锥腹寄蝇Smidtiaamoena(Meigen,1824)72♂39♀5-8黑龙江锥腹寄蝇Samurensis(Borisoval,1962)4♀5日本锥腹寄蝇Sjaponica(Mesnil,1957)11♂1♀5巨角锥腹寄蝇SmagnicornisMesnil,19671♂5灰锥腹寄蝇SpaucisetaShima,19963♀5凶猛温寄蝇Winthemiacruentata(Rondani,1859)1♂5四点温寄蝇Wquadripustulata(Fabricius,1794)1♂6灿烂温寄蝇Wvenusta(Meigen,1824)1♀8突颜寄蝇亚科Phasiinae筒腹寄蝇族Cylindromini阿格筒腹寄蝇CylindromyiaagnieszkaeKolomiets,1977192♂56♀8贺寄蝇族Hermyini比贺寄蝇Hermyabeelzebul(Wiedemann,1830)15♂11♀6-8俏饰寄蝇族金黄俏饰寄蝇ParerigoneaureaBrauer,18981♂7Parerigonini毛赞寄蝇ZambesomimahirsutaMesnil,19672♂6突颜寄蝇族Phasiini连克寄蝇Clytiomyacontinua(Panzer,1798)2♂3♀7宽翅异颜寄蝇Ectophasiacrassipennis(Fabricius,1794)2♀7圆腹异颜寄蝇Erotundiventris(Loew,1858)1♂3♀7-8普通球腹寄蝇Gymnosomarotundatum(Linnaeus,1758)2♂1♀7-8半球突颜寄蝇Phasiahemiptera(Fabricius,1794)1♀6桓仁突颜寄蝇PhuanrenensisZhang&Zhao,201176♀3♂6罗德突颜寄蝇Prohdendorfi(Draber-Mońko,1965)5♂35♀5赫廷何寄蝇HemydahertingiZiegler&Shima,19961♂5♀7-8暗翅何寄蝇Hobscuripennis(Meigen,1824)2♀6-8寄蝇亚科埃内寄蝇族拼叶江寄蝇JanthinomyiafelderiBrauer&Bergenstamm,18931♀7-8TachininaeErnestiini叉叶江寄蝇Jelegans(Matsumura,1905)5♂7黑腹短须寄蝇Linnaemyaatriventris(Malloch,1935)4♂10♀5-8菲短须寄蝇LfelisMesnil,19571♀6-8黄角短须寄蝇LruficornisChao,19623♂11♀5-8泰短须寄蝇Ltessellans(Robineau⁃Desvoidy,1830)29♂3♀6-8峨眉短须寄蝇LomegaZimin3♂4♀5-7钩肛短须寄蝇Lpicta(Meigen,1824)3♂26♀5-8高野短须寄蝇LtakanoiMesnil,19571♀5采花阳寄蝇Panzeriaanthophila(Robineau⁃Desvoidy,1830)1♀8

续上表

亚科族物种中名物种学名标本数量成虫发生(月)黑龙江阳寄蝇PheilongjianaChao&Shi,19814♂7敏阳寄蝇Plaevigata(Meigen,1838)1♂5红黄阳寄蝇Prudis(Fallén,1810)8♂17♀5裸颜阳寄蝇Pvagans(Meigen,1824)16♂22♀5棒须阳寄蝇Pexcellens(Zimin,1957)1♀7-8缺缘阳寄蝇Pinusta(Mesnil,1957)24♀23♂5宽胫阳寄蝇Platipennis(Zhang&Fu,2011)13♀5耳肛阳寄蝇Panzeriamimetes(Zimin,1960)20♂6♀5-6腹球阳寄蝇PglobiventrisChao&Shi,19811♀5醉暗寄蝇Zophomyiatemula(Scopoli,1763)2♂4♀6-7莱寄蝇族十和田阿特寄蝇Atylostomatowadensis(Matsumura,1916)7♂12♀7-8Leskiini白拟解寄蝇DemoticoidespallidusMesnil,19537♂1♀5-8叶甲寄蝇族黑斑叶甲寄蝇MacquartiamacularisVilleneuve,19263♂8Macquartiini裸颊叶甲寄蝇MnudigenaMesnil,19721♀5毛肛叶甲寄蝇Mpubiceps(Zetterstedt,1845)1♂2♀5阴叶甲寄蝇Mtenebricosa(Meigen,1824)15♂7腹斑叶甲寄蝇Mtessellum(Meigen,1824)1♂5威叶甲寄蝇MviridanaRobineau⁃Desvoidy,18631♂1♀5宽颜寄蝇族Megaprosopini灰颊寄蝇Dexiosomacaninum(Fabricius,1781)2♂1♀6-8污寄蝇族红腹敏寄蝇Minthorufiventris(Fallén,1816)1♀8Minthoini瘦腹寄蝇Sumpigastersp1♂7毛瓣寄蝇族Nemoraeini透翅毛瓣寄蝇Nemoraeapellucida(Meigen,1824)1♂4♀5-8泥寄蝇族Pelatachinini胫泥寄蝇Pelatachinatibialis(Fallén,1810)1♂5♀5长唇寄蝇族熟昆寄蝇Entomophagaexoleta(Meigen,1824)2♀5Siphonini胫等鬃寄蝇Peribaeatibialis(Robineau-Desvoidy,1830)1♂2♀7-8乌苏等鬃寄蝇Pussuriensis(Mesnil,1963)1♀8寄蝇族日本密寄蝇Mikiajapanica(Baranov,1935)1♂2♀6-8Tachinini片肛长须寄蝇Peleteriachaoi(Zimin,1961)1♀5凶野长须寄蝇Pferina(Zetterstedt,1844)5♂23♀6-7钝突长须寄蝇Ppropinqua(Zimin,1961)13♂217♀5-6火红寄蝇Tachinaardens(Zimin,1929)2♂1♀7-8短头寄蝇Tbreiceps(Zimin,1929)1♂2♀5小寄蝇TiotaChao&Arnaud,19932♂7-8毛肋寄蝇Tjakovlewii(Portschinsky,1882)1♀8辽宁寄蝇TliaoningensisZhang&Hao,20101♂21♀5-6怒寄蝇Tnupta(Rondani,1859)5♂8黄白寄蝇TursinaMeigen,18246♂54♀5-8蜂寄蝇Tursinoides(Tothill,1918)3♂1♀8

2.2 分类鉴定新发现

2.2.1 中国新纪录种

2.2.1.1 花截尾寄蝇Nemorillafloralis(Meigen, 1824) (图1, a, b)

鉴别特征:复眼具毛,毛长于小眼直径三倍,额窄于头宽的0.22-0.25(雄)倍,0.27-0.3(雌)倍,侧颜裸或至多在最低的额鬃下具一些毛,触角芒大约与触角等长,至多在基部3/5变粗。肩鬃4-5根,最强的3根排列成三角形,第一根盾后翅上鬃长于背侧片鬃和第一根盾后翅内鬃,小盾片仅具1根侧鬃,下后侧片在它的前2/3或更多处具毛;中足胫节具1根腹鬃,后足胫节具2根端位背鬃。腹部第1+2合背板中央凹陷达后缘,雄性第3背板后方具一个宽大的三角形黑带,第4、5背板前1/2-2/3具灰黄色粉被,雌性第3、4背板前4/5、第5背板前2/5具淡灰黄白色粉被,第3、4背板具明显的心鬃。

分布:中国*(辽宁);俄罗斯(远东,东西伯利亚),日本(本土),中亚,匈牙利,意大利,德国,法国,瑞典,英国。

2.2.1.2 巨角锥腹寄蝇SmidtiamagnicornisMesnil, 1967 (图1, c, d)

鉴别特征:复眼具毛,毛长于小眼直径三倍,侧颜上半部具毛,头的上方在眼后鬃列下方具1或2列黑色小鬃,触角第三节约为第二节长的4倍,触角芒大约与触角等长,至多在基部3/5变粗。肩鬃5根,最强的3根排列成三角形,下后侧片在它的前2/3或更多处具毛,腹侧片鬃通常3根,盾片具3对沟前和3对沟后背中鬃;中足胫节具3-5根前背鬃,无腹鬃,后足胫节具1列梳状前背鬃,中间一根强大,2根端位背鬃。腹部第1+2合背板中央凹陷达后缘,第5腹板或多或少锥形。

分布:中国*(辽宁);日本。

2.2.1.3 弯叶芙寄蝇Phrynotenuiforceps(Tachi, 2013) (图1, e, f)

鉴别特征:复眼具毛,侧颜裸或至多在上半部具毛,颜脊下半部之下具鬃,触角第三节是第二节长的5.5-6.5倍。后前胸背板具4或5根鬃,肩鬃4-5根,最强的3根排成一条直线,前方肩鬃位于中间和内侧肩鬃之间的前方,盾片具3对沟前和4对沟后背中鬃,小盾端鬃缺,小盾片无直立的鬃;位于r-m脉与dM-Cu脉之间的M脉段长于dM-Cu脉与M脉弯曲处之间距离,M脉在中肘横脉至弯曲处之间距离是弯曲处至翅后缘距离的1.5-2倍;足完全或大部黄色,后足胫节具2端位背鬃。腹部第1+2合背板中央凹陷达后缘,第3、4背板具中心鬃。雄性侧尾叶明显长于肛尾叶,尾面观端半部细长、窄,并且向内侧弯曲。

分布:中国*(辽宁);俄罗斯(远东),韩国,日本(本土)。

2.2.1.4 乌苏等鬃寄蝇Peribaeaussuriensis(Mesnil, 1963) (图1, g, h)

图1 中国新纪录种Fig.1 Newly recorded species in Chinaa, b花截尾寄蝇;c, d巨角锥腹寄蝇;e, f弯叶芙寄蝇;g, h乌苏等鬃寄蝇; a, c, e, g背面观; b, d, f, h侧面观。a, b, Nemorilla floralis; c, d, Smidtia magnicornis; e, f, Phryno tenuiforceps; g, h, Peribaea ussuriensis; a, c, e, g in dorsal view; b, d, f, h in lateral view.

鉴别特征:体长至多6 mm,侧颜最窄处至少是触角第三节宽的3/5,头的上方在眼后鬃列下方具1列黑色小鬃,侧颜无发达的鬃。第一根沟后翅上鬃长于背侧片鬃,小盾端鬃细或毛状,亚端鬃聚拢或交叉,下侧的前气门鬃朝向前腹侧;前缘脉第二段腹侧具毛,R1脉背面端部1/2具毛,R4+5脉从基部到r-m横脉之间的脉段具毛,前足胫节端位前背鬃明显短于端位背鬃,中足胫节具1根前背鬃,后足胫节具3端位背鬃。腹部第1+2合背板和第3背板底色大部分黄色,背板都无中心鬃,第1+2合背板重要凹陷不达后缘。

分布:中国*(辽宁);俄罗斯(乌苏里),日本(北海道,本州,九州,琉球)。

2.2.2 辽宁新分布纪录28种

红斑缘刺寄蝇Eriothrixrufomaculata(De Geer, 1776),白带柔寄蝇Thelairaleucozona(Panzer, 1806),横带三角寄蝇Trigonospilatransvittata(Pandellé, 1896),金粉赘寄蝇Drino(s.str.)auripollinisChao & Liang, 1998,莲花赘寄蝇D.lota(Meigen, 1824),小赘寄蝇D.minutaLiang & Chao, 1998,拟庸赘寄蝇D.inconspicuoides(Baranov, 1932),日本异丛寄蝇Isosturmiajaponica(Mesnil, 1957),滑帕赘寄蝇Paradrinolaevicula(Mesnil, 1951),叶蜂菲寄蝇Phebelliaclavellariae(Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891),长鬃魏寄蝇Weingaertneriellalongiseta(van der Wulp, 1881),八小寄蝇Carceliellaoctava(Baranov, 1931),粉带伊乐寄蝇Elodiaambulatoria(Meigen, 1824),被撵寄蝇Myxexoristopsstolida(Stein, 1924),连克寄蝇Clytiomyacontinua(Panzer, 1798),普通球腹寄蝇Gymnosomarotundatum(Linnaeus, 1758),拼叶江寄蝇JanthinomyiafelderiBrauer & Bergenstamm, 1893,菲短须寄蝇LinnaemyafelisMesnil, 1957,裸颜阳寄蝇Panzeriavagans(Meigen, 1824),棒须阳寄蝇P.excellens(Zimin, 1957),腹球阳寄蝇P.globiventrisChao & Shi, 1981,腹斑叶甲寄蝇Macquartiatessellum(Meigen, 1824),红腹敏寄蝇Minthorufiventris(Fallén, 1816),熟昆寄蝇Entomophagaexoleta(Meigen, 1824),胫等鬃寄蝇Peribaeatibialis(Robineau-Desvoidy, 1851),片肛长须寄蝇Peleteriachaoi(Zimin, 1961),凶野长须寄蝇P.ferina(Zetterstedt, 1844),毛肋寄蝇Tachinajakovlewii(Portschinsky, 1882)。

2.3 浑河源保护区寄蝇区系组成和分析

本研究在辽宁浑河源自然保护区次生森林、灌丛和草地生态系统中,共采集2553号寄蝇标本,经整理保存和实验室分类鉴定,有4亚科23族84属158种,分别占中国已知族、属和种的54.76%(23/42),29.12%(83/285)和12.62%(158/1252),其中61种为古北界特有种,占总数的38.61%;86种为古北、东洋两界共有种,占总数的54.43%;5种为古北界+东洋界+澳洲界共有种,占总数的3.16%;古北界+东洋界+新北界共有种是腹长足寄蝇DexiaventralisAldrich, 1925,占总数的0.63%;古北界+东洋界+非洲热带界共有种是莲花赘寄蝇Drinolota(Meigen, 1824),占总数的0.63%;亚世界性(古北界+东洋界+非洲热带界+澳洲界+新北界)分布的是金龟长喙寄蝇Prosenasiberita(Fabricius, 1775)和康刺腹寄蝇Compsiluraconcinnata(Meigen, 1824),占总数的1.27%;世界性(古北界+东洋界+非洲热带界+澳洲界+新北界+新热带界)分布的是乡蜗寄蝇Voriaruralis(Fallén, 1810),占总数的0.63%。以上结果表明,辽宁浑河源自然保护区寄蝇科昆虫区系组成以古北界种、古北界和东洋界共有种为主,占总数的93.04%。

表3 辽宁浑河源保护区寄蝇科的区域组成

Table 3 Composition of taxa of Tachinidae from Liaoning HRSNR

区域Areas族Tribes属Genera种Species浑河源HRSNR2383158中国China422851256世界World581500约8500

本次生林生态系统中,采集到数量n≥40的寄蝇优势种有15种:乡蜗寄蝇Voriaruralis(Fallén, 1810),褐瓣麦寄蝇MedinafuscisquamaMesnil, 1953,三齿美根寄蝇MeigeniatridentataMesnil, 1961,格纳狭颊寄蝇Carceliagnava(Meigen, 1824),园尼里寄蝇Nileahortulana(Meigen, 1824),昏暗蜉寄蝇Phoroceraobscura(Fallén, 1810),乌苏里膝芒寄蝇Goniaussuriensis(Rohdendorf, 1928),拱头芙寄蝇Phrynovetula(Meigen, 1824),松毛虫锥腹寄蝇Smidtiaamoena(Meigen, 1824),阿格筒腹寄蝇CylindromyiaagnieszkaeKolomiets, 1977,桓仁突颜寄蝇PhasiahuanrenensisZhang & Zhao, 2011,罗德突颜寄蝇P.rohdendorfi(Draber-Mońko, 1965),缺缘阳寄蝇Panzeriainusta(Mesnil, 1957),钝突长须寄蝇Peleteriapropinqua(Zimin, 1961),黄白寄蝇TachinaursinaMeigen, 1824。它们主要来自追寄蝇亚科和寄蝇亚科及长足寄蝇亚科蜗寄蝇族,其寄

表 4 辽宁浑河源保护区/中国寄蝇科各分类阶元数量组成

主主要是鳞翅目害虫;还有突颜寄蝇亚科3优势种,其寄主主要是半翅目蝽类;说明浑河源自然保护区黄代沟和地车沟的森林生态系统以鳞翅目、半翅目昆虫居多。两年来调查过程中,保护区没有使用杀虫剂,基本没有观察到害虫大量发生,提示浑河源自然保护区的寄蝇及其它天敌昆虫明显起到了维持森林生态系统自我稳定与平衡的生物控制作用。

致谢:中国科学院清原森林生态系统观测研究站(Qingyuan Forest CERN, Chinese Academy of Sciences) 朱教君研究员、于立忠高工等为本研究提供野外实验基地和必要支撑保障服务,沈阳师范大学李辛夷老师参加并协助采集工作,在此一并表示真诚致谢。

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Fauna resource of Tachinidae in Liaoning Hun River Source Nature Reserve of China

LIANG Hou-Can, LI He-Nan, WU Peng-Feng, ZHANG Yan-Sen, LI Xin, SUN Qi,LI Bing, ZHANG Yi-Zhuo, ZHANG Chun-Tian*

(College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China)

Investigating the biodiversity and fauna of Tachinidae (Diptera) in Liaoning Hun River Source Nature Reserve of NE China. Morphological taxonomy and biogeography methods were applied in this study and 2553 tachinid specimens were collected. Results: The specimens of Tachinidae from Hun River Source were examined and 158 species, 83 genera, 23 tribes, 4 subfamilies were recognized, are separately 23.54% tribes, 29.47% genera, 12.62% species of China, and adults occuring dates and 15 dominated species among Hun River Rourse forestry ecosystems are provided. The fauna of its tachinid flies are dominated by 61 Palaearctic species (38.61%) and 86 common Palaearctic and Oriental species (54.43%), total 147 species (93.04%). Four species are newly recorded in China and their diagnosis and photos are provided:Peribaeaussuriensis(Mesnil, 1963),Phrynotenuiforceps(Tachi, 2013),Nemorillafloralis(Meigen, 1824),SmidtiamagnicornisMesnil, 1967, 28 species are newly recorded for Liaoning.

Liaoning Qingyuan; Tachinidae; fauna; checklist; new record

国家自然科学基金项目(31272279,31093430,31493021,KJZD-EW-TZ-L07)

梁厚灿,男,硕士研究生,研究方向为昆虫分类与进化,E-mail: 751611123@qq.com

*通讯作者Author for correspondence,E-mail:chuntianzhang@aliyun.com

Received:2016-09-18;接收日期Accepted:2016-10-20

Q968. 2

A

1674-0858(2016)06-1214-10

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