完形填空易错点拨

张国强

高考完形填空题的特点是突出语篇，以文章的语境理解为主，考查同学们综合运用语言知识的能力。所以准确把握短文的大意是正确答题的基础。本文归纳同学们在解题时容易出现的几种错误，希望能对同学们解题有所帮助。

[易错点1：][忽视首句或首段的作用]

首句往往是整篇文章的引领句，概括了整篇文章的中心和作者的写作意图。细读首句可以判断文章体裁，预测文章大意和主旨。完形填空的命题原则一般是文章第一句不设空，以使同学快速进入语境，并通过这一“窗口”，把握整篇文章。一般来说，记叙文类的文章的首句会交代4个W（when，where，who，what），说明文类的文章的首句会解释要说明的对象，议论文类的文章的首句会提出一个论点。

例1 Diane Ray was completely self-centred and very spoilt. Her parents gave her 36 she wanted， knowing that she would throw a temper tantrum（耍小孩脾气） if they did not. She would scream and kick and 37 on the floor drumming her heels. Her parents always 38 .

36. A. either B. neither

C. nothing D. everything

37. A. jump B. lie

C. spin D. sleep

38. A. set out B. set in

C. gave in D. gave out

解析 DBC。由文章首句Diane Ray was completely self-centred and very spoilt. 可知，Diane Ray完全以自我为中心而且被宠坏了，她的父母会给她想要的一切（everything），否则，她会躺（lie）在地上尖叫、踢腾，因此，父母总是向她让步（gave in）。

例2 Every morning I continued to watch the man with interest. So far I havent seen anyone fail to wave back. I find it interesting that one person can make such a difference to so many peoples lives by doing one simple thing like waving and smiling warmly. His cheerfulness armed the start of my day. With a friendly wave and smiling face he had changed the 35 of the whole neighborhood.

35. A. trends B. observations

C. regulations D. feelings

解析 D。本段前面提到作者看到the guard向陌生人挥手时，对方也挥手致谢，即使是一个表情刻板的商人也不例外。由此可见，微笑着向别人挥手改变的是他们的“感情”。前三项分别表示“趋势”“观察”“规章”，都与文章大意不符。

[易错点2：][把握情感态度不准确]

几乎每篇完形填空的语境都有一定的褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理状态和情绪以及作者的写作意图。语境题在完形填空题中已占有一半题量，利用好文章的语境关系就能对文章进行准确的逻辑判断，在理解文意的基础上推断出每一空的准确信息从而确定答案。具体方法就是认真读原文，找出反映语境的标志性的词汇或句子，并大胆预测下文。

例3 Tom was seriously injured in the traffic accident and was taken to the hospital， and his parents were called for. They were very 1 to hear of the accident and quickly rushed to his 2 . For three days Tom was not able to feel or think and his parents were 3 that he might die.But on the fourth day Tom 4 and spoke softly. His parents were 5 . The police by then had followed the owner of the car and caught hold of him at last.

1. A. angry B. please

C. shocked D. disappointed

2. A. school B. home

C. hospital D. office

3. A. worried B. ready

C. confident D. certain

4. A. felt sick B. got up

C. fell asleep D. woke up

5. A. surprised B. calm

C. glad D. puzzled

解析 CCADC。这是一组典型的褒贬语境题。听到儿子在交通事故中受伤，父母一定是很震惊了，故第1空用shocked；第2空应用hospital，因前文已交代Tom被送去医院；第3空交代父母担心他可能会死，只能用worried；第4空前面的连词but暗示此处要用woke up；看到儿子醒来后，父母肯定感到高兴，故第5空填glad。

例4 ... Barking 37 （loudly） into the air， the dog 38 （searched） through the woods until he found the 39 （house）. But the girl was not there， so he headed back to the woods. Much to his 40 ， he saw his mistress blue blouse in the distance ...

40. A. satisfaction B. disappointment

C. embarrassment D. delight

解析 D。此题考查情感态度。狗一直在寻找他的小主人，最终看到了小主人的蓝衬衫，自然很高兴。故delight是最佳答案。

点拨 把握人物情感态度可分四步走：

首先，完形填空的短文是一个完整的语篇，同学必须结合上下文语境综合考虑；其次，同学要重视首句的提示作用，因为它是解题的突破口，同时也或多或少地暗示了作者的写作意图；再次，同学要抓住描述作者思想情感的词，通常为形容词或副词；最后，疏通全文。

同学应在理解大意和把握细节的基础上揣摩作者的写作意图，通过作者的语气和用词来把握作者的情感和态度，切忌主观臆断。 [易错点3：][忽视词语复现]

例5 When the Red Cross started blood banks to collect and store blood for men wounded in battle，black Americans gave blood along with the whites. At first their blood was not accepted. Later blood from the blacks was but was stored in a separate place from “white” blood.

A. received B. accepted C. lost D. found

解析 B。考查原词复现。此空的前一句是At first their blood was not accepted，根据行文逻辑可知，此处仍要用accepted，即“一开始黑人的血不被接受，但后来被接受了”。

例6 “I have a brilliant design for our egg container！ A protective one！”I said when Cassie arrived.“We can the egg with some butter cream.”

A. protect B. replace C. carry D. mix

解析 A。考查同根词复现。根据文中的a protective one可知，此处要用protective的动词形式protect“保护，防护”。此题四个选项从词汇搭配、语法角度考虑均行得通，但由于文章是一个完整的统一体，词、句、段三者存在着内在逻辑关系，此时需要从上下文中寻找有关的提示或暗示，对文章的情节进行逻辑推理，抓住关键信息，理顺句与句之间的关系，确定合理的答案。

点拨 同义词，近义词，反义词是借助意思相同、相近或相反的表达方式或解释性语言使上下文的意思得以连接起来。因此，做题时，应充分注意分析上下文中出现的解释性语言。对于上下文意思复现的表达，可以借助于复现信息的同根词来补全信息。

[易错点4：][忽视语境关系]

例7 Moody faces 1 in three years， when he hopes to run the foundation full time. “I am living a happy life and I have a responsibility to my 2， （community） to give back”. Moody says， “If I teach a kid to fish today， he can teach his brother tomorrow”.

1. A. unemployment B.challenge

C.competition D.retirement

解析 D。如果同学不根据上下文的语境来作答，很容易误选B选项。根据空格后面的in three years可知是三年后，再根据后面run the foundation full time可知只有在退休后才能实现。所以选D项。

例8 ... During my fourth grade Christmas break， we flew to Rio to visit her. Looking at her large 1 apartment， I became 2 （aware of） how lonely my mother must have been in Brazil herself. It was then 3 （that） I started to appreciate the tough choices she had to make on 4 （balancing） family and work ...

1. A. comfortable B. expensive

C. empty D. modern

解析 C。很多同学由于忽略了上下文的语境而误选A、D项。由下文中的how lonely my mother must have been可知，作者看到的是母亲住在空旷的公寓中。

[易错点5：][忽视逻辑关系]

例9 That holiday morning I didnt have to attend school. Usually， on holidays， Mother 1 （allows） me to sleep in. And I would certainly take full advantage of it. On this particular morning， 2 ， I felt like getting up early.

2.A. otherwise B.therefore

C.however D.besides

解析 C。同学可能会因弄不清上下文的关系而误选B。该题后面的getting up early和前面的sleep in在行文上形成了对比，前后文之间为转折关系，故用however。

例10 ... My brother and his friends were all 1 （fans）.... they all bought 2 （tickets） for the performance. However， at the last minute， one of the friends couldnt go， so my brother 3 me the ticket. I was really 4 （excited）！

3.A. booked B.offerer

C.returned D.found

解析 B。so表示前后两部分存在因果关系，如果不注意这点就容易选A。前面讲到哥哥和他的朋友买了音乐会的票，准备去听音乐会，但最后其中一个朋友去不了了，故可推测哥哥把朋友的那张票给了我。offer是“提供，供应”之意，符合语境。

[易错点6：][忽视文章大意]

例11 ... Mrs Neidls 1 that year was， “Try it. We can always paint over it 2 （later）！”I began to take 3 （risks）. I had been so afraid of failing but suddenly there was no failing—only things to be 4 （improved） upon. I learned to dip my brush into the paint and 5 （confidently） create something.

1.A. message B.motto

C.saying D.suggestion

解析 B。有些同学没有把握住文章大意就想当然地作出判断，结果导致选C。本题考查名词辨析以及对文章的理解。引号里是一句鼓励的话，根据前文可知这句话是她的座右铭。迷惑性较大的C项saying意为“谚语”，往往是人们长期形成的对生活经验的总结，强调群体性及时间性，message“信息”，suggestion“建议”，均不符合题意。 [易错点7：][忽视语法知识]

例12 ... A man will be 1 （reading） the newspaper， and seconds later it 2 as if he is trying to 3 （eat） it...

2.A. acts B.shows

C.appears D.sounds

解析 C。有的同学可能由于没有掌握固定句型而误选B。it appears/seems as if ...为固定句型，意思是“看起来好像”。此处意为“几秒钟之后，他看起来好像在吃报纸（打瞌睡）”。

例13 Among them were two women beside a dirty pond. One pushed dirt back with a stick _______ the other dipped the water into a bucket.

A.after B.when

C.until D.while

解析 D。同学们容易误选B选项，因为以为此处表示的时间。此处while为并列连词，表示对比性转折，意为“而，却”。

[易错点8：][缺乏生活常识]

例14 We are not 3 meters tall 1 （because） most peoples heart are not strong enough to send 2 up that high.

2.A. information B.blood

C.breath D.strength

解析 B。因缺乏生活常识，有的同学可能误选C选项。心脏的功能是向各个部分输送血液（blood），这是基本生活常识。此句意为“我们长不到3米高，是因为心脏无法供血到那么高”。