阿纳姆国家文物博物馆

荷兰阿纳姆

阿纳姆国家文物博物馆

荷兰阿纳姆

业主：荷兰Openluchtmuseum

设计：1995-1998年

施工：1999-2000年

结构工程：Goudstikker-de Vries / ACN b.v， Capelle a/d IJssel

机械工程：阿默斯福特技术管理公司

建筑施工：Strukton Bouwprojekten b.v， Maarssen

面积：3 185平方米

获奖：2000年TECU建筑奖，2003年国家建筑奖

摄影：Christian Richters

Client： Nederlands Openluchtmuseum， Arnhem

Design： 1995-1998

Execution： 1999-2000

Structural engineer： Goudstikker-de Vries / ACN b.v， Capelle a/d IJssel

Mechanical engineer： Technical Management b.v， Amersfoort

Contractor architecture： Strukton Bouwprojekten b.v， Maarssen

Area： 3 185 m2

Awards： TECU Architecture Award 2000， National Building Prize 2003

Photos： © Christian Richters

入口大厅和新景点

成立于1912年的国家文物博物馆位于阿纳姆附近起伏不断的林涛中，地理位置非常优越。博物馆公园占地44公顷，展现了不同时期和地区的住宅。博物馆还珍藏了具有历史意义的服装和珠宝，但因没有展览空间，无法展示。为了减少气候的影响，博物馆邀请梅卡诺设计一个室内展览空间和一个入口大厅。另外，博物馆还希望增加一个名为HollandRama的多媒体展示馆，作为博物馆一个新的景点，用于介绍公园里展出的物件。

巨石和143米长墙

设计从博物馆外部景观入手。游客沿着一条用废渣铺成的小路经过一座13米高、外观神秘的蛋形建筑。建筑让人驻足叩问。这真的是一颗蛋么？或者是一块巨石？或者我们看到的是什么天外来客？没有人当场给你答案，因为这个巨蛋没有入口。废渣铺成的小路带着游客沿着一道长143米、横穿外部景观的墙到达入口。这道墙用旧鹅卵石和砖块建造，形成了国家文物博物馆的正门。墙的后面是宽敞透明的入口大厅，可以看到博物馆外的开阔草地。因地势高低起伏，这个门厅也随自然地势与周围的景观融为一体。

枢点

这座玻璃大厅是整个设计的枢点。大厅不光是公园入口，也有各种设施。在一楼，游客可以光顾商场、咖啡店、知识中心和礼堂。地势稍低的地方是两个展览馆，经常举行一些临时性的展览活动，还经常展出博物馆收藏的服装和珠宝。游客进入通往一个旋转全景剧院后，会发现蛋形建筑的谜底。这里就是多媒体展示播放的地方。虚拟现实、动画、电影、声音和气味效果的衬托似乎让这些历史古迹复活了。

Entrance pavilion and new attraction

Founded in 1912， the National Heritage Museum is splendidly situated in the rolling landscape of the woods near Arnhem. The museum park comprises forty-four hectares and shows dwellings from different periods and regions. The museum has its own collection of historical clothing and jewellery， but lacks an exhibition space for them to be shown in. In order to make visiting the museum less dependent on the weather， Mecanoo was asked to design not only an indoor exhibition space， but also an entrance pavilion. In addition， the museum wanted to create a new attraction， the ‘HollandRama'， a multimedia show introducing the objects to be seen in the park.

Boulder and a 143 metre long wall

The landscape was taken as the starting point for the design. The visitor is led over a path of recycled clinkers past a mysterious egg-shaped building about 13 metres high. The building raises a lot of questions. Is it really an egg？ A boulder perhaps？ Or are we dealing here with something extraterrestrial？ You're not given an answer， for there's no entrance to be found. The path of clinkers leads the visitor on to the entrance in a 143 metre long wall cutting across the landscape. The wall is constructed from a mosaic of old cobblestones and bricks and forms the gate to the National Heritage Museum. Behind this unfolds a spacious， transparent entrance hall with a view of the open meadow of the outdoor museum. Because of the differences of level the hall adapts itself in a natural way to the rolling landscape.

Hinge point

The glass hall is the hinge point in the design. It not only forms the entrance to the park but it also houses various facilities. On the ground floor one can visit the museum shop， the coffee shop， the knowledge centre or the auditorium. A level lower there are two exhibition spaces where changing exhibitions are held and a semi-permanent display of clothing and jewellery from the museum's own collection. The mystery of the egg-shaped building is solved when the visitor enters a tunnel that turns out to lead to a rotating panorama theatre. Here is where the multimedia show takes place. With the aid of virtual reality， animations， film， sound and odour effects， historical objects are brought to life.

National Heritage Museum Arnhem， the Netherlands

首层平面 ground floor

model photo： © Pieter Vandermeer

立面图 facades

剖面图 sections