英语专业学生写作中几种常见错误句式分析
2016-11-07于爱莲孟鸿雁
于爱莲 孟鸿雁
摘 要:英语写作是语言输出技能之一,它体现了英语学习者综合运用英语语言的能力,但我国的大学英语专业学生在英语写作中依然存在许多问题。本文主要研究英语专业学生在写作中常出现的几种句式错误,并提出针对性的解决办法。
关键词:英语专业学生;写作;句式错误
1.串句错误
串句错误是指将两个完整的独立的英语句子串在一起,中间没用连接词或只用逗号连接。这一错误是受汉语的影响,因为在汉语中,逗号是可以表示单句内部停顿的,因而,英语学习者如果不注意这一区别的话,就会在英语写作中写出如下几个例子所述的串句。
(1)English is quite important, most students are studying it very hard.
(2)The movie was dull we left at 8:00.
在句1中,两个完整的小句直接用逗号连接;句2是在两个完整小句中间没有任何标点符号,这都是串句错误。修改串句错误有以下几种方式:①可以直接将逗号改为分号;②也可以将逗号改为句号,大写下一个单词的首字母;③还可以在第一个小句后用逗号,再根据句意加连接词and, but,or,nor,so,for,yet。或者将其改为复合句。比如,上面的错句可以改为:
——English is quite important; most students are studying it very hard.
——English is quite important. Most students are studying it very hard.
2.破句错误
破句错误是将只能做完整句中一个句子成分的部分当做一个完整的句子来用。例如:
The meeting was cancelled. Because many people didnt turn up.
在这个例子中,“Because many people didnt turn up”在形式上是一个句子,但在句意上,它表达的是原因,只能做完整句子中的状语成分,并不是一个句意完整的句子,这就是破句错误。既然它只能做完整句的一个特定成分,修改时只要还原即可,可修改为:
The meeting was cancelled because many people didnt turn up.
3.垂悬修饰语错误
垂悬修饰语错误是指句中的修饰语实际上在句意上没有修饰的对象。此种句式错误主要出现在非谓语动词的使用上。具体是指-ing,-ed及 to 结构错误,例如:
(1)Last year,after graduating from high school,my father put me to work in his office.
(2)To pass this exam,this book must be read.
句1中,“after graduating from high school”在句意上应该修饰“I”,但句子的主语却是“my father”,因而此修饰语在句中没有修饰对象。句2中的“to pass this exam”是同样情况,同样是垂悬修饰语错误。可以修改为:
——Last year, after graduating from high school, I was put to work in my fathers office.
——To pass this exam, you must read this book.
4.误用平行句错误
误用平行句错误是指将两个句意对等但结构不相同的结构并列使用。例如:
(1)Peter is a teacher and works as an engineer.
(2)Unselfish people not only are happier but they are more successful.
(3)He is a man of wide experience and who is also very popular with the farmers.
句中的平行并列成分结构应对等一致,根据这一原则,以上几个错误句可修改为:
—— Peter is both a teacher and an engineer.
—— Unselfish people are not only happier but also more successful.
—— He is a man of wide experience and of great popularity with the farmers.
总之,写作是一个复杂的过程,英语专业学生不但要提高自己的思维能力,同时要注意英汉在表达方式上的区别,只有具备了扎实的英语语音基本功,才能切实提高自己的英语写作能力。
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