罗斯·兰登健康教育中心，曼尼亚，乌干达

2016-10-20徐知兰

世界建筑 2016年8期

罗斯·兰登健康教育中心，曼尼亚，乌干达

建筑设计：罗斯·兰登和FH建筑师事务所

Architects: Ross Langdon and Studio FH Architects

罗斯·兰登健康教育中心位于乌干达西南部的拉卡伊区曼尼亚村，是一座小型的社区讲堂。它能容纳大约150名听众，座位是简单的陶土地砖台阶，还有一个小型的抬升舞台可供主讲人使用。与讲堂相邻，有一间私人会议室和一家商店。前方则是由绿廊覆盖的林荫步道，人们可以在此进行集会和休闲活动。

这座建筑由罗斯·兰登设计。这位年轻的澳大利亚建筑师及其妻子和未出生的孩子都在内罗毕西门购物中心恐怖袭击中与其他受害者一起不幸丧生。罗斯短暂的职业生涯涉及澳大利亚、英国和非洲东部地区，他留下了大量的设计，其中包括获奖作品克扬比拉木屋旅馆。其所有项目都以富于想象力的方式根据地点、气候、材料和使用者进行专门设计，且都受到对“变色龙建筑”理念进行不懈追求的激情驱动。

在他已不在世的情况下，尽我们所能地理解，罗斯将这座健康教育中心设想为一个小型的展庭、一个全然内向的空间，并用在乌干达南部当地能找到的最基本的材料建成——用桉树杆作为主要结构材料，以粘土砖填充墙面，地面则铺陶土地砖。尽管整座建筑没有窗户，建筑的围合结构以各种不同方式透过光线；其中包括砖墙上透空的孔洞，墙面与屋顶之间的缝隙，屋顶高处能够进行自然采光的通风口，再加上“几升光线”，照亮了舞台区域。屋顶由桉树树干支撑镀锌屋面板建成，天花则以经过特殊设计的手工“穆凯卡”芦苇席做成。

罗斯去世后，项目的业主——澳大利亚的“Cotton On基金会”联系了乌干达当地的FH建筑师工作室，要求他们完成设计，并尽力按照原创者的意图完善设计。FH建筑师工作室的主持建筑师费利克斯·霍兰——同时也是罗斯的好友——接受了这项挑战，并组织了一支由尽心尽力的设计人员与施工人员组成的设计团队。他们经过抽丝剥茧的侦探过程破解罗斯的设计意图，时而进行一番猜测，时而又产生分歧，最终建成了这座房子。我们希望它公正地体现了这位建筑师的各种理念与设想。□（徐知兰译）

1 外景/Exterior view

项目信息/Credits and Data

建筑设计/Design Architect: 罗斯·兰登/Ross Langdon

完善设计/Implementing Architect: FH建筑师工作室/ Studio FH Architects

结构工程/Structural Engineer: MBW咨询公司/MBW Consulting

造价估算/Quantity Surveyor: 达德利·卡西班特及其合伙人事务所/Dudley Kasibante and Partners

承包商/Contractor: CMD投资公司/CMD Investments

建筑面积/Area: 260m2

摄影/Photos: 威尔·博厄斯摄影工作室/Will Boase Photography

2 外景/Exterior view

3 入口/Entrance

4 总平面/Site plan

5 立面详图/Façade detail

The Ross Langdon Health Education Centre is a small community hall located in the village of Mannya in Rakai，South-western Uganda.It provides space for about 150 people，sitting on simple clay tile steps，and for a speaker，standing on a small elevated platform.Adjacent to the hall is a room for private meetings along with a store.At the front is a walkway covered by a pergola providing shade for informal gatherings and relaxation.

The building was designed by Ross Langdon，a young Australian architect who，together with his wife and unborn child，was amongst the victims of the Westgate attacks in Nairobi.In his short career spanning across Australia，the UK and East Africa，Ross left behind a multitude of designs，including the award-winning Kyambura Lodge，all imaginatively tailored to location，the climate，materials and users，and all driven by an inexhaustible passion for "Chameleon Architecture".

As good as we can tell in his absence，Ross envisioned the Health Education Centre as a small pavilion，entirely inward-looking and made of the most basic of building materials available in Southern Uganda: eucalyptus poles as the main structure with clay brick infills and clay tile floors.There are no windows，and instead the building envelop flters light in various ways； perforations in the brickwork，a gap between walls and roof，a highlevel roof vent with skylight and "Liters of Light" illuminating the stage area.The roof is made of zinc-al roof sheets supported by Eucalyptus trusses，and the ceiling is made of purpose-designed handmade "Mukeka" reed mats.

Following Ross' death，the client，the Cotton On Foundation from Australia，approached Uganda-based Studio FH Architects with the request to complete the design and help implementing it as close as possible to the intentions of the originator.Felix Holland，principal architect at Studio FH and personal friend of Ross，took on the challenge and assembled a team of dedicated designers and builders who went on a detective mission deciphering Ross' design intentions，guessing at times and disagreeing at others，and fnally realizing a building that we hope does justice to the ideas and visions of the architect.□

Ross Langdon Health Education Center，Mannya，Uganda，2016