复方多黏菌素B软膏联合bFGF治疗儿童深Ⅱ度烫伤创面疗效分析
2016-10-20杨晓津方涛高秀清
杨晓津,方涛,高秀清
复方多黏菌素B软膏联合bFGF治疗儿童深Ⅱ度烫伤创面疗效分析
杨晓津1,方涛2,高秀清2
目的观察复方多黏菌素B软膏联合碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)对儿童深Ⅱ度烫伤创面的治疗效果,为临床治疗提供参考。方法选取天津市第四中心医院2015年3月—2016年3月期间收治的80例深Ⅱ度烫伤患儿为研究对象,按照治疗方式分为对照组(40例)及联合治疗组(40例)。对照组给予bFGF治疗,联合治疗组采用复方多黏菌素B软膏及bFGF联合治疗。比较2组患者烫伤创面感染率、创面愈合时间及愈合后瘢痕生成情况。结果伤后7、10、15和20 d,联合治疗组创面感染率均较对照组降低(P<0.05)。联合治疗组创面愈合时间较对照组缩短[(21.53±1.33)d vs.(25.76±1.50)d,t=13.345,P<0.01)];瘢痕发生情况优于对照组(U=5.077,P<0.05)。结论复方多黏菌素B软膏联合bFGF治疗儿童深Ⅱ度烫伤创面具有抗感染、加速创面愈合及预防瘢痕生成等优点,临床疗效显著。
烧伤;多黏菌素B;碱性成纤维细胞生长因子2;瘢痕;伤口感染;儿童
深Ⅱ度烫伤创面深及真皮深层,血供较差,极易伴发创面感染。儿童烫伤患者免疫系统尚未发育成熟,机体抗感染能力差,如何预防儿童烫伤创面感染、促进创面愈合,是临床治疗的难题[1-2]。有研究发现,碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(basic fibroblast growth factor,bFGF)对创面成纤维细胞、上皮细胞的分化、迁徙及增殖均有促进作用,可加速新生肉芽组织生长,促进受损皮肤愈合[3]。复方多黏菌素B软膏以硫酸多黏菌素B、硫酸新霉素、杆菌肽、盐酸利多卡因、凡士林等为主要原料,常用于治疗细菌性皮肤感染,抗菌作用较强,可抑制瘢痕增生及色素沉着[4]。笔者采用复方多黏菌素B软膏及bFGF联合治疗儿童深Ⅱ度烫伤,取得了良好的疗效,现报告如下。
1 对象与方法
1.1对象及分组收集2015年3月—2016年3月天津市第四中心医院急诊科收治的深Ⅱ度儿童烫伤患者80例,其中男43例,女37例,年龄5~8岁。按照治疗方式分为对照组及联合治疗组,每组各40例。纳入标准:烫伤部位限定于双上肢及躯干部单处深Ⅱ度烫伤,入组患儿烫伤创面深度判定根据中华医学会烧伤外科分会制定标准执行,原因限定于热液烫伤,烫伤面积范围:3%~5%总体表面积(total body surface area,TBSA),就诊时间限定于伤后1 h内。排除标准:对复方多黏菌素B软膏主要成分过敏者;免疫系统存在缺陷或长期使用糖皮质激素者;1周内应用抗生素治疗者;合并有吸入性损伤者,严重心、肝、肾功能损害或其他重要脏器功能不全者;神经或精神系统疾病及严重内分泌代谢紊乱者。所有入选患儿均由家属(或直系监护人)签署知情同意书,本研究方案经医院伦理委员会审核批准。2组间性别、年龄及烫伤面积差异均无统计学意义,见表1。
Tab.1Comparison of general data between two groups表1 2组一般资料比较(n=40)
1.2处理方法2组患儿均进行创面常规处理,清除破损或污染创面表皮,使用无菌生理盐水反复冲洗创面,碘伏消毒。对照组烫伤创面在清洁、消毒后给予重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子凝胶(贝复新,珠海亿胜生物制药有限公司生产,21 000 IU/支)治疗,将凝胶直接涂于清创后的创面(包括创面外缘1 cm,剂量每次300 IU/cm2),后覆以适当大小的凡士林无菌敷料,多层无菌纱布包扎。联合治疗组在对照组的基础上加用多黏菌素B治疗。复方多黏菌素B软膏(易孚,桂林华诺威基因药业有限公司生产,100 000 IU/支)与重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子凝胶以1∶1比例混合均匀,覆盖患儿烫伤创面,余步骤同对照组。2组均每日换药1次,直到创面愈合为止。
1.3疗效判定及观察指标(1)观察烫伤创面感染发生情况,计算2组伤后7、10、15、20 d烫伤创面感染率。(2)观察烫伤创面愈合时间。(3)观察烫伤创面瘢痕发生情况,创面痊愈后15 d,对患儿烫伤创面瘢痕厚度进行测量[5]。判定标准:瘢痕厚度>2 mm为明显瘢痕,≤2 mm为浅表瘢痕,创面无可见凸起为无瘢痕。
1.4统计学方法利用SPSS 17.0软件包对数据进行统计分析,计量资料采用均数±标准差(x ±s)表示,2组间均数比较采用独立样本t检验;无序计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法;等级资料组间比较采用Wilcoxon秩和检验。所有检验均为双侧检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.12组创面感染率比较伤后7、10、15、20 d,联合治疗组烫伤创面感染率均较对照组降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表2。
Tab.2Comparison of occurrence rate of infection of wound surface between two groups表2 对照组及联合治疗组患儿创面感染发生情况比较[n=40,例(%)]
2.22组创面愈合时间比较联合治疗组烫伤创面愈合时间为(21.53±1.33)d,对照组为(25.76±1.50)d,联合治疗组短于对照组(t=13.345,P<0.01)。
2.3创面瘢痕发生情况创面痊愈后15 d,联合治疗组烫伤创面瘢痕发生情况优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表3。
Tab.3Comparison of occurrence of scar on day 15 after the wound surface was healed between two groups表3 2组患儿创面痊愈后15 d瘢痕发生情况比较(n=40,例)
3 讨论
儿童烫伤是生活中常见的意外伤害之一,临床上较为常见。由于儿童皮肤薄嫩,其创面多为浅、深Ⅱ度及Ⅲ度混合,对于较深的深Ⅱ度、Ⅲ度创面一般采取清创、削痂后植皮手术治疗,其余则通过换药治疗[6]。儿童由于免疫系统尚未发育完善,烫伤后抗感染能力较差,机体皮肤屏障被破坏,重度烫伤后脓毒症发生率居高不下[7]。为有效保护患儿受损创面,临床上应合理选择外用药物,加速烫伤创面修复及愈合,减少预后瘢痕的发生。研究表明,bFGF可通过刺激创面成纤维细胞、内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞等增殖与分化,加速受损创面的修复[3]。在国外,复方多黏菌素B软膏广泛应用于常见细菌引起的皮肤感染的治疗。软膏中主要成分硫酸多黏菌素B对常见的大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌等敏感,可降低细菌膜通透性、并破坏其核糖体,且极少产生耐药性;新霉素主要针对大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌及少量革兰阳性(G+)菌敏感,属广谱抗菌药;杆菌肽主要对抗链球菌及金黄色葡萄球菌引起的感染;3种药物抗菌谱具有一定互补性,抗菌作用可协同并叠加[8]。
刘洋等[9]将人工真皮联合bFGF应用于瘢痕和皮肤深度创面修复中,可使创面血管化时间明显缩短,治疗14 d后新生毛细血管及成纤维细胞显著增多。吕磊等[10]将复方多黏菌素B软膏应用于老年糖尿病足溃疡创面修复中,在治疗1~4周内创面愈合率及表皮生长因子的表达水平均优于单纯应用磺胺嘧啶银者。在本研究中,联合治疗组在对照组应用bFGF的基础上联合复方多黏菌素B软膏治疗,可有效控制儿童深Ⅱ度烫伤创面感染率,加速创面愈合,并有效抑制愈合后创面瘢痕增生。
综上所述,复方多黏菌素B软膏联合bFGF治疗儿童深Ⅱ度烫伤创面,简单实用,能够很好地控制儿童烫伤创面感染率,缩短创面愈合时间,抑制后期瘢痕生成,具有良好的临床应用价值。
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(2016-07-25收稿2016-08-25修回)
(本文编辑胡小宁)
Analysis on clinical curative effect of compound polymyxin B ointment combined with basic fibroblast growth factor to treat the wound surface of deepⅡdegree burn of children
YANG Xiaojin1,FANG Tao2,GAO Xiuqing2
1 Tianjin Blood Center,Tianjin 300110,China;2 Medical Department,Tianjin 4th Center Hospital
ObjectiveTo observe the clinical curative effect of compound polymyxin B ointment combined with basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)on wound surface of deep second-degree burn in children,and provide reference for the clinical treatment.MethodsEighty cases of children patients with deep second-degree burn were included in this study,who were admitted in Tianjin 4th Center Hospital from March 2015 to March 2016.The cases were divided into control group and combined treatment group,40 cases for each group.Wherein,the control group was treated with bFGF,the combined treatment group was received compound polymyxin B ointment and bFGF.The occurrence rate of infection of burn wound surface,wound healing time and occurrence rate of scar after healing were compared between two groups.ResultsThere were lower infection rates on day 7,10,15 and 20 after burn in combined treatment group than those in control group(P<0.05).The healing time was significantly shorter in combined treatment group than that in control group[(21.53±1.33)d vs.(25.76±1.50)d,t=13.345,P<0.01].The scar occurrence was significantly lessin combined group than that of control group(U=5.077,P<0.05).ConclusionThe compound polymyxin B ointment combined with bFGF show a certain effect of antiinfection,acceleration of wound surface healing and preventing the scar from generating for wound surface on deep seconddegree burn in children,which having a significant clinical curative effect.
burns;polymyxin B;basic fibroblast growth factor 2;cicatrix;wound infection;child
R644
A
10.11958/20160717
1天津市血液中心(邮编300110);2天津市第四中心医院医务科
杨晓津(1964),女,副主任药师,主要从事临床药学等研究