咖啡酸苯乙酯对RAW264.7细胞向破骨细胞分化的影响
2016-10-17李洪伟
郭 昆 李洪伟
(1.徐州医学院研究生学院,江苏徐州221004;2.徐州医学院附属医院骨科,江苏徐州221002)
∙基础研究∙
咖啡酸苯乙酯对RAW264.7细胞向破骨细胞分化的影响
郭昆1李洪伟2*
(1.徐州医学院研究生学院,江苏徐州221004;2.徐州医学院附属医院骨科,江苏徐州221002)
背景:观察天然蜂胶提取物咖啡酸苯乙酯(CAPE)对核因子(NF)-κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)诱导的小鼠单核/巨噬细胞株RAW264.7向破骨细胞分化的影响。方法:近年来,骨质疏松症、磨损颗粒介导的骨溶解等骨吸收类疾病的发生率越来越高。目前临床上治疗骨溶解性疾病的药物以西药为主,而中草药成分的研制还处于起步阶段。目的:利用不同浓度的CAPE与RANKL单独或共同处理RAW264.7细胞。CCK-8法测定细胞增殖活性,抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)染色法观察TRAP阳性多核细胞。逆转录-聚合酶链(RT-PCR)测定破骨细胞TRAP、MMP-9基因mRNA的含量。Western blot检测NF-κB p65及核转录因子κB抑制蛋白(IκB)-α表达水平。结果:CCK-8结果表明75、150、300 nmol/LCAPE对RAW.264.7细胞增殖能力无影响。CAPE可抑制RANKL诱导的TRAP阳性多核细胞形成,下调RANKL诱导的TRAP和MMP-9基因mRNA表达。Western blot检测显示,CAPE能下调RANKL诱导的NF-κB表达水平。结论:CAPE能有效地抑制RANKL诱导的RAW264.7向破骨细胞分化。
破骨细胞;核因子-κB;受体活化因子配体
【Abstract】Background:In recent years,the incidence of bone resorptive diseases such as osteoporosis,wear particle mediated osteolysis is getting higher and higher.Drugs currently used in clinical treatment of bone resorptive diseases are western medicine,and the development of Chinese herbal medicine components is still in the emerging stage.Objective:To observe the effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester(CAPE,a propolis extract)on receptor activator of NF-κB ligand(RANKL)induced osteoclast differentiation using the monocyte-macrophage cell line RAW264.7.Methods:Mouse mononuclear cell line RAW264.7 were cultured.CAPE and/or RANKL were added.Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8)assay was used to analyze the viability of RAW264.7 cells which were exposed to different concentrations of CAPE(75,150 and 300 nmol/L).Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP)staining was used to observe the formation of osteoclasts.RT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of TRAP and matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP-9).Western blot was used to determine the nuclear factor κB(NF-κB)pathway and IκB-α.Results:Different concentrations of CAPE did not affect RAW264.7 cell viability.Mature osteoclasts were obtained from RAW264.7 cells stimulated with RANKL for 6 days and detected by TRAP staining.CAPE could inhibit the formation of TRAP-positive cells and result in an obvious reduction of TRAP and MMP-9 mRNA expression.Western blot showed that CAPE suppressed RANKL-induced IκB-α degradation and NF-κB nuclear translocation in RAW264.7 cells.Conclusions:CAPE can inhibit the ososteoclast differentiation of mature osteoclasts from RAW264.7 induced with RANKL.
【Key words】Osteoclast;NF-κB;Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand
破骨细胞活性改变是引起各种代谢性骨病的主要原因,也是研究热点[1]。破骨细胞数量和活性的增加与多种骨质流失的临床疾病密切相关,它还主导骨移植物的骨吸收作用和炎症性骨丢失等,这些疾病及其引发的骨折将严重影响患者的生活质量和生存时间[2]。传统中药蜂胶中的活性物质咖啡酸苯乙酯(caffeic acid phenethyl ester,CAPE)含有与NF-κB抑制剂相似的化学结构。本研究旨在探讨CAPE对RANKL诱导RAW264.7细胞分化为成熟破骨细胞的影响及机制。
1 材料和方法
1.1细胞培养
小鼠单核/巨噬细胞株RAW264.7(ATCC号:TIB-71)用含10%胎牛血清(四季青公司)的α-MEM培养基培养,其中含有1%青霉素、1%链霉素。
1.2CCK-8检测细胞增殖
细胞接种于96孔板,在培养箱预培养24 h。加入不同浓度的CAPE(75、150、300 nmol/L,上海紫一试剂)刺激12、24、48 h后,每孔加入10 μl CCK-8溶液(日本同仁化学)孵育2 h,在酶标仪上测定在450 nm处的吸光度。
1.3TRAP 染色检测成熟破骨细胞
RAW264.7细胞以4×103/孔接种于48孔板,培养过夜后用50 ng/L RANKL(美国Peprotech公司)和不同浓度的CAPE诱导,细胞每2天换液1次。第6天TRAP染色(美国Sigma-Aldri-ch公司,387-A),细胞用多聚甲醛固定20 min,在以萘酚AS-BI磷酸盐作为底物的孵育液中37°C孵育1 h,蒸馏水洗3次,苏木精复染3 min,PBS冲洗3次,在倒置相差显微镜下观察及拍片。
1.4RT-PCR
在RAW264.7培养基中分别加入RANKL和不同浓度的CAPE,培养6 d后,采用TRIzol(Tiangen公司)试剂,按操作说明提取细胞内总RNA。逆转录采用Tiangen公司的反转录试剂盒按说明书进行,合成cDNA,再行PCR扩增TRAP、MMP-9,以GAPDH为管家基因,引物由上海生工生物工程公司设计合成,引物序列如下:TRAP:正向引物:5'-CCCTGTGATTTGGCTCTTCT-3',反向引物:5'-GTGGCATTGGGTCTTCTCA-3'。MMP-9:正向引物:5'-GACTACGATAAGGACGGCAAA-3',反向引物:5'-AGGGCAGAAGCCATACAGTT-3'。GAPDH:正向引物:5'-ACCCTTAAGAGGGATGCTGC-3',反向引物:5'-GAAGGGGCGGAGATGATGAC-3'。PCR产物用1.2%琼脂糖电泳,溴化乙锭染色后于紫外灯下拍照。
1.5Western blot
收集处理后的细胞,用蛋白提取试剂盒分别提取细胞总蛋白及核蛋白,BCA法进行蛋白定量。取50 μg蛋白质进行10SDA-PAGE分离,蛋白质电转移至PVDF膜上,BSA室温封闭2 h,加入NF-κB p65、IκB-α一抗(1∶1000,Cell Signaling公司),4°C摇床孵育过夜,碱性磷酸酶标记二抗(1∶500,中杉金桥公司)摇床孵育2 h,TBST洗膜30 min,碱性磷酸酶显色试剂显影。
1.6统计学方法
采用SPSS 13.0统计软件分析,计量资料以均数±标准差表示,采用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA)检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1CAPE 对细胞活性的影响
CCK-8检测结果显示,0~300 nmol/L CAPE对RAW264.7细胞增殖无明显影响(P>0.05,表1)。
表1 CAPE对RAW264.7细胞增殖的影响()
表1 CAPE对RAW264.7细胞增殖的影响()
CAPE(nmol/L)0 75 150 300 12 h 1.07±0.04 1.06±0.07 1.04±0.08 1.06±0.07 24 h 1.02±0.07 1.04±0.14 1.04±0.13 0.98±0.11 48 h 1.14±0.09 1.12±1.13 1.19±0.13 1.12±0.11
2.2CAPE对RANKL诱导的RAW264.7形成破骨细胞的影响
RANKL诱导6 d后,CAPE诱导组TRAP染色阳性细胞数较空白组显著增多,而随着CAPE浓度的增加,TRAP染色阳性细胞数逐渐减少(图1)。
图1 不同浓度CAPE对RANKL诱导的RAW264.7形成破骨细胞的影响
2.3CAPE下调TRAP、MMP-9基因mRNA表达
RAW264.7细胞受RANKL刺激后,TRAP、MMP-9 mRNA的表达均明显增加,且随着CAPE浓度的增加,TRAP和MMP-9基因的表达量逐渐减少(图2),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
2.4CAPE对RANKL诱导的RAW264.7细胞NF-κB核转位及IκB-α降解的影响
300 nmol/L的CAPE预处理RAW264.7细胞2 h,加入或不加入50 ng/L RANKL处理8 h,收集细胞并提取蛋白,采用Western blot检测细胞中IKB-α的表达及细胞核内NF-κB p65的表达。结果表明,与RANKL处理组相比,CAPE处理组细胞核内NF-κB p65蛋白的表达明显减少(图3)。而且,CAPE可抑制RANKL诱导的RAW264.7细胞IKB-α降解。同时,分别用75、150、300 nmol/L的CAPE预处理RAW64.7细胞2 h后,用50 ng/L RANKL处理8 h,结果显示,随着CAPE浓度的增加,RAW264.7细胞核内NF-κB p65蛋白表达逐渐下降,且RAW264.7细胞IκB-α降解明显减少(图4)。
图2 CAPE对RANKL诱导的RAW264.7细胞TRAP、MMP-9 mRNA表达的影响
3 讨论
RAW264.7细胞在RANKL刺激下能够分化为多核破骨细胞,在大量对破骨细胞的研究中,RAW264.7细胞被视为破骨细胞前体细胞而广泛应用[3,4]。
CAPE是一种从蜂胶中提取的中药单体,具有多种药理作用。研究表明,CAPE有显著的抗氧化、抗炎和抗肿瘤作用,CAPE对胸膜炎、耐药性化脓性眼内膜炎、大肠杆菌性肾盂肾炎等都有明显疗效[5-7],国内外研究均已证实CAPE可抑制NF-κB活化[8,9]。本研究以RAW264.7为研究对象,RANKL诱导6 d后TRAP染色提示形成大量破骨细胞;药物组OC形成数量减少,且随CAPE浓度增加OC数量越来越少,表明CAPE能抑制RANKL诱导的RAW264.7分化为破骨细胞。
图3 CAPE对RANKL诱导的RAW264.7NF-κB p65蛋白表达和IκB-α蛋白降解的影响
图4 不同浓度CAPE对RANKL诱导的RAW264.7NF-κB p65蛋白表达和IκB-α蛋白降解的影响
破骨细胞分化自破骨细胞前体细胞(osteoclastprecurosor,OCP),来源于血液中单核-吞噬细胞系,是承担体内骨质吸收功能的一类细胞[10]。其最终分化的表现形式有特征性标志物基因(TRAP、CTSK、MMP-9及CTR)的表达、形态转换成大的多核细胞、形成骨吸收陷窝[11-14]。本实验的结果显示CAPE在RANKL诱导的RAW264.7细胞中降低了TRAP、MMP-9基因mRNA的表达,表现出抑制OC分化的效果。
NF-κB被认为是RANKL诱导的破骨细胞生成的关键转录因子[15]。在未受刺激的细胞中,NF-κB由P65和P50组成的异源二聚体,存在于细胞胞浆中,其p50、p65亚基与它的抑制蛋白IKB结合后,IκB磷酸化后发生降解,导致NF-κB活化并从细胞质易位至细胞核内[16]。本研究发现CAPE可抑制RANKL诱导的RAW264.7细胞NF-κB核转位和IκB-α降解,这说明CAPE对RANKL诱导的RAW264.7细胞中NF-κB激活具有抑制作用。
综上所述,CAPE能够抑制RANKL诱导小鼠单核/巨噬细胞株RAW264.7细胞向破骨细胞分化,其机制可能与抑制NF-κB激活有关。因此,CAPE有望成为治疗骨质疏松症、假体周围骨溶解等骨吸收类疾病新的治疗药物。
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Effect of caffeic acid phenethyl esteron osteoclast differentiation in RAW264.7 macrophages
GUO Kun1,LI Hongwei2*
(1.Graduate School,Xuzhou Medical College,Xuzhou 221004,Jiangsu;2.Department of Orthopedics,Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College,Xuzhou 221002,Jiangsu,China)
2095-9958(2016)04-0161-04
10.3969/j.issn.2095-9958.2016.02-15
李洪伟,E-mail:lihongwei2000@126.com